The Welshman

HOUSE OF IIAY ?k 'ITES DAY, MAY 2k TIIP Earl of n,TPO'ó..t:¡I:'¡1. that in consequence ot ihc accident on the Ver-ailles Railroad, he had communicated t<> the different Railroad Companies in England, »he ,pillipn nf the government, that the practice of locking :t h !'H,r "ftill' carri,lg'es was unnecessary anil Lis. J ile had thus used all the powers of government, <uid he believed the intimation would not be disregarded by the only Railroad Company (the Great Western) that now ie practic(,. THE AGRICCLTUR\L INTERESTS. The Duke of RICHMOND, in presenting petitions from several parishes of the county of Banff, against the! principles of the Tariff relating to the importation of live and dead stock, expressed the opinion that justice had not heen done to the agricultural classes. The Earl of Rreov defended the Tariff, on the ground: chiefly that the price of me-it, and the demand for it in foreign countries, w is such as to preclude die possibility of its importation at a moderate duty injuring the agri- cul ural interests in Great The Duke of RICHMOND censured the inconsistency of the Tariff in admitting the importation of auimals at the same duty without reference to their weight or value, Lord KINNAIKI) gave notice, for Thursday iiext; oi a motion foi the production of the Queen's letter au- thorising collections in churches for the relief of manu- facturing distress, and intimated ids opinion that it was Their lordships then adjourned to Thursday. j

BoeSE OF COMMONS, TUESDAY, MAY 2t. Nt r. G. PALMER gave notice that in committee on the Tariff he should move that the present duty on foreign vegetables he retained. Mr. M'KINNON gave notice that, on Thursday next, he should move for the issue of a new writ for the bo- rough of Southampton. In reply TO a question from Mr. LABOUCUEKE, Sir R. I'EEI. said—" Perhaps the tvest convenient conrse will be to fix Friday evening for a separate vote nn ,It,- ;tj-,rir duties, suspending the further progress of the Tariff until the sugar duties shall havehren decided." The hous^ then resolved itself .into ccaviuiittce on the Customs' Act. ()It the proposed d'lity on ,I <T:¡; a !Ill BULLS" being read from the chair, Mr. Mn.ES brought f rwa-d the proposi_ tion ofwlliå he had given notice, that on the leasts imported, for everv cwt. of live should he c harged 5. (id. long and desultory Hscussion enstied, which ter- minated in a division on which th.e numbers were— for Mr. Miles's amendment, 14; lbr the original motion, 20?: r. le, ii t, t i t'(Ir t I i c o i- I,;] i i.,t i i i i o t to ii, 20f t Major Vivtw moved that the duty on c:1tlc. meat. | and othpr provisions mentioned in the 'I arift, imported | from the Canada?, he equal to the import duty from t!-fnn the ('ann d a  he e q u:) to the import duty trott) other countries; but, after some discussion, withdrew his rnot*, 't)' On that part of the resolution which relates to the [ proposeddutv to he levied Oil the importation of "swine and hoes," Mr. S. O'.HKIKN proposed to lIeg-dtive the word "five." and wotdd leave it to the government to substitute any otliei rate of duly more conformable to the merit,; of (he case. MR. MII.ES supported the amendment. For the J amendment, -2; against it, 121. Majority against the On the article-of lobsters the duty imposed by the Tariff was objected to, and Sir 11. PEKT. expressed his willingness t.) reconsider this part of the Tariff. r. K F,), that the Words, A per cent, ml be subst tuted far the duty of fid. per bushel on apples proposed in the Tariff. After a shoi t conversation, the committee divided, and there appeared — For the amemiiuent, -51; against it, 110, Majority iE!din"t the amendment. of). the resolution was then agrc-ed to. as were H the remaining duties in the same schedule. The Chairman i IWI I reporte I progress, and t!w house resumed. The Incumbents' Leasing (No. 2) bni was read a third time and passed. Tli .• hon-e then adjourned. _c:

A sox SHOT BY ins FATHER, AND SUICIDE OF THE LATTKR. CHESTERFIELD. M 24.— i esterday evening, HIE peaceful and mm antic vniage of AsUover, about six miles from this town, became the scene of one of the most de- plorable am! he-irt-rf nding 'tragedies tliat ever occurred in this or perhaps anv other country. Mr. Eaton, a gentleman in independent circumstances, about <»() years of age. in loading his trim in the house to go in pursuit of a mad dog. accidentally shot his s<m, a youth about 16 or IH years of age; and immediately after, in the phrensy j of the moment, took a pistol and shot himself through the fell dead upon the spot- He has left a wife and a daughter, who resided wiih him at Ashover, and a SOli who is in business in Nottingham. What adds, if possible, to the deplorable character cf this sa1 catastrophe, is the circumstalle that the elder son was to have been married this day, and the ivvduing party were to have vi-uted Ashover, in commencing their tour of pleasure, and pre- parations were made to re eive them; hut alas1, how changed the scene!

?: i: HER MAIF.STVS IMMI DAY. j The principal ( ourt event ot the week has been lier M desty's bi, ihdav. °11 Thursday, wit II 'the attending dinners, fetes, and ill,unin.¡1 ions (0 commemorate tilt. The drawing-room was the fullest that lias oc- curred for a Meg time and amongst the parties given Oil the occasion, the Duke of W ellii gton's stands pre-emi- nent, it h-ing described as the mo^t magnificent enter- tainment of the season, her Majesty's IkiI. of course, ex- cepted. More than eight hundred of the elite of the 1il..i,J.{' were prp(lT I t HER M t JEST v.— Dress of white satin, trimmpd with j rich gold lace flounce, the Iv^dv and sleeves splendidly ornamented with diamonds, emeralds, and g-old lacc; train of white sstin. ricldv brocaded in gold (ot Spital- fields manufacture), lined with white satin, and trimmed with a wreath of M av flowers. Head-dress, leather, Jim(1lld, emeralds, necklace and p"rrills. en suite. HER xi. IIICHXESS THE DI CHESS OF CAM- HRIUGE.- Habit de Cour. composed of a white crape <tress, over a rich satin slip, trimmed en tablier with I of variegated carnations; train of superb figured white satin (of Spitalllelds m uiufacture), lined with rich white satin, and trimmed round with blonde and ribbon; body and sleeves ornamented with magnificent diamonds and sapphires. Head-drj-»s. plume of feathers, blonde lappets, diamonds, and sapphires. HER ROYAL HICUNESS THE DICHESS OF GLOU- CESTER.—A Costume de Cour, composed of a train of gold embroidered tissue, elegantly trimmed with hand- some gold blonde and pearls, lined with rich tvhite satin body and sleeves of the same with sttperh gold lace; skirt of magnificent gold, tunic in tulle, over rich white satin. Head-dress, ifne ostrich feathers and uianionds, P, gold lace. The illuminations were grflerni and good. The re- srion of the clubs. Pall-mall, St. James's-stivet, and Re- gent-street, exhibited the most numerous display, while the dense crowd which thronged the strceis were or- del ly ulid vvcll-conducu tl. HE C KTr.s. í II the course" of the morning an inspec- tion of the household troops took place on the parade in James's Park, in the presence of Prince Albert, who ap- peared for the first time in public as Colonel of' tl)e ',c or Scots or Fusilier Guards, and wore his splendid new uniform; at Woolwich also there was a review.

RIGHT OF SEARCH.—FRANCE r. ENGLAND. I It is impossible to read the debates in the French Chamber of Deputies upon the question of the Riirht of Sparrh, and the o: inions which those discussions have Piicitrii friiin the Parisian press, without percePing that the unmeaning clamour against this country, which is rife arnnogt a irreat portion of the people of France, piay eventually prove too strong for the good Qellze atid rnn(lrra tion of its Minister. It has been proved by Mom, Guiznt that France has hitherto hnd ahnost an etpial share with England in carrying to its present stage the treatv that has now become the subj ect of i.ispate and fhe speech of the French Minister is admitted even hy he obtained considerable success," which conlli ooly have been the consequence nf the strength of its fat. and the convincing nature of its arguments. M. Guizot proved incontestihly that France and England had for some time proceeded almost p"r; towards the (if the treatv. and that the Ambassador ot the former Power pried in perfect concert with the Minister of the latter. It is now pretended that the French government was not bound bv the acts of its representative at the British Court but it ha* been elearlv shown that three successive ministries were itwire of what was going on, and took no «-teps whatever towards tepl1åj¡\ting the act of their agent Nothing could have been easier than that M. Sebasriani should have been at once instructed to refrain from pro reeding in the arrangements he was entering into with the Uritish government; but he was allowed to go on-com- innnicating every step he took to the Cabinet of France — wi!hont receiving any indication of the latter's disapproval of the engagements in-to tvhicii- he was entering. The ■ instance between London nrtH-P«rfw-4s 11..t-ft great, nor WitS t'ne affair so immediately pressing, as to have called for slwh precipitancy as to furnish a pretext to France to shield itself under the allegation of a want of sufficient communication between the French Aa bassador and his s'overnment. 'it will be really impossible to deal in diplomatic matters with I'otl!tfip 1\f)-e accredited-agents are liable to have their acts disowned, whenever the passion nr prejudice of the people mav prevent the government from t'?tHning the Moral obHgaUnn to which it has rendered lr()I)Iig?itifit-i to v. ,hich it has ren d erell The great outcry against M. Guizot in France is. not that he insists npon inducing his Sovereign to ratify the treaty, for all intention of doing so is distinctly disavowed; out the great cause of ottene, is the Minister's adhering to bis ou n conviction that there is a moral obligation on the country to pvrsue a course which public opinion prevents the government from following. It fs not enough that he give? way in nft to the pressure from without, hut he is called upon to «ucctimh in thought—and this he is prevented from doing by his reason. while bis self-rcspfct wiP not allow hi,n to pretend an acquiescence in principles which hisjudgment cannot recognise. There must he very unhealthy tone of feelintrin France when the Minister who (Ieqire to preserve his country's peace is violently denounced as it" enemy and one would imagine that a war frith TFlngland was the best thing possible for the prosperity of our Gallic neighbours, if were to judge hy the impatience they display at any policy is The firmness of M. Guizot mav. however, yet he re- "warded by the approbation of public opinion on his own side of the Channel for it is mere charity to infer that the paroxysm will not last long, which influces th, »o demand a pledge that not. onlv the present treatv shall he ratified, bur that no other shall lie entered into by the French env?'n'nenf. This is indeed requiring from a Minister something more that he can possibly concede; for he is called npon to make a promise not only tlf umnibvs rcLus as thev eoivonir exist, hut.a'so to mnke stipulations Ym the snbji t or (!Iii. which cannot be clearly foreseen, frd whi,.h may he destined never to hap- pen. We r!e empire with wHieh M. Guizot ne- i:rnwlpiln-o? thp mo'a! obligation to which Fiance has enbioeted bv th,rt of her Ministers, though he jie-h->r>« evercises a rpn d discretion in abstaining from nT the rH'ipc :t imT-ces. so long ¡¡.. the feeling nt the ration is "n violent opposed to the ratification of the treaty.—CLU.

up. (e;'y< tiie Xoncr,„f.mht) have suggested to'disscnt- f ers, as a lirst step towards a better position, a kind oi { general convocation. The importance. of the object aimed at would ce: tainly justify the solemnity of the pro- tending. Truthfully managed, such a conference, we J doubt not, would be productive of the happiest results, Not that we imagine, for one moment, ili:it' tfie whole work to he done, cat) be accomplished by the agency ot" | any ulle assembly gathered tor a few days only, and ne- cessarity occupied in the discussion of principles, rather than in the practical \vorki;lg )lIt ol,dd:¡J!s. The truth is, it would not be even a beginning ot real work A confer- ence could do nothing more then mark out the ground, submit a general plan, select the proper tools, and animate lhe warklllpn, This requires to he done, and to be done tii-st-blit this is not all which is required, We cannot i igiit oursel ves, and the cause we have espoused, by a few heart-stirring speeches, or a chain ot high-toned resolu- tions. A state church is not to be put down in a few- days. But we venture to think that such a convention would be the best preparation for work, and that this first step having been taken, others would follow of necessity. i Amongst the numerous advantages which we anticipate. as the probable result of the adoption of our plain, ii ()t the least important ill olr estimation, is, the systematic training of chapel-goers in the principles of dissent. The IVallC of this has long been noticed—often lamented— sometimes commented upon with some asperity—but never, ill cur own country, supplied. The great majority of people who call themselves dissenters—who associate, sympathise, worship, with dissenters, are yet ready, in sheer ignorance, at a moment s notice, at every turn of Hff, tohtrampfe upon every anti-state-church principle. Such light as illumines their minds on this question,plays upon their understanding in lambent flashes, casually, and at distant intervals onlo, and IS as powerless, indis- tinct, and evanescent, as sheet-lightning upon the hori- zon on a summer's evening. A steady I av of truth has never found its way illto the depths of their souls. How should it Their-consciences have no windows opening towards the quarter whence light, on this subject, proceeds—or, if they have, U)e shutters have been I)L S i t,ers li;ivc- bee, closed frtwn time immemorial, and no hand has been bohf enough to unfasten and throw them open. In dark corners one may see huddled up absurd max- ims, delusive forms of expression, fallacious modes of thought, and inconsistent practices, which, in the dim- ness, are never once suspected to be what in truth they are —reasonless and superstitious rubbish. YOIt may search through and through these chambers of the mind without catching a lilllpse ot sound principle. A single sky-light is deemed to be amply sufficient—and if the blue firmament above may but he discerned, any pros- pect of contiguous truth is heid to be superfluous. Men are bid to look at Christianity throL?h an eyelet-hole, and to I)ei I ,ve cii?it. tb.y 'lu"t. -1 it L-ti, i.r sure lilid t'or pruqt. »■ i i

THE CATTLE QUESTION. The fol1o\\ing rpmarks are from the ?ifarh f.ant Express, j the leading agricultural journal of England. It may therefore be concluded that this paper represents the opinions generally entertained by the farmers and cattle- breeders The conversion ofci d#v<c»t supporters of I the agricultural interest, both in and out of Parlia- ment, is the most extraordinary -that ever took place; i principles, writings, men, whose names were an abomi- nation, are now quoted as authority hy those who were heretofore loud in their expressions of abhor, ence of the whole. The statement of Mr. M'Culloch. that no supply of cttlle can be obtained in suffieent quantity to reduce the price or iticit, is used as an answer by every new convert to free trade princi- will-, a conifdence and :i pertinacity which set all arirument at defiance. Is it meant to be asserted that the in batata nts of the countries on the continent of-Kurope j are of such air inferior grade in the scab- ot intellect, as not to possess ability or energies to apply themselves to the pursuit of tlH/se arts or occupation. from which they may he enabled to derive the greatest y the very tacts adduced by the advocates ot free trade prove the contrary. We are told that the manufacturers ol the continent purchase our machinery, erect marui- i lactones, rival us in the quality of our Manufactures, are rapidly increasing the amount of goods manufactured, and are underselling us in the general markets of several part of the world. What then is to prevent those who have had a "Von Tliaer/' and who now have a S prengel" and a Liebig," from possessing themselves ot our best breeds of cattle to improve their own, and front purchasing our best implements, a improving their system of agriculture as they have their manufac- tiires ? A good breed of cattle and pigs may speedily be raised. The most improved system ol British husbandry shows that rich pastun are no loiver essential to the manufacture of beef and mutton. The lIse ot artificial food is becoming more general, and we have no doubt will become almost universal; but the advantages which the foreigner now possesses over its in the cheapness or the materi, I employed will stilt be greater when, as in the use of machinery in manufactures, he shall have 'I' h •learned a better system of using it.; The increased supply of merino v.,ol to meet the demands of this country. from forty millions to lihv-six millions of pounds in the short space of twenty-five years, shows that sheep can be | multiplied to an infinite extent where there is a market for wool. W hen there shall be a market for mutton, as there will soon be in England, they will be multiplied for the purpose of producing Iltllttorl; as will also cattle and pigs furtheproditctionof beef and pork. Witii a differ- ence of at least fifty per cent, in the price of barley, and caitle food in favour of the farmer Oil the opposite coast 01 Europe, and a duty of less than seven percent, on the foreign fat animal imported into tiiil country, is it possible that the lVitis'n farmer can enter into tilê market of competition with ,it '-ces., In addition to which, there are the immeasurable agricultural re- sources of the United Strifes, both in Cllrii and meat."

COMPLETE SUFFRAGE UNION. 11 r'jni the IMP uciial meeting ot the General Committee of the council was held fast Tuesday, at Uirniingham Mr. Perry, vice-president, in the chair. After the confirma- tion of the minutes, the secretary read a great number of letters from various parfs ol tile co"tltrv, oin mumeatious from the Rev. W.Sollv, Yoevil; :\1r..J. Smith, Leamington Mr. Stott, Edinburgh Mr. bawl Crediton; .Mr. Ilodgers, Glasgow, and otheis, statÎng the progress of the movement in their various- localities also N i  P kv l l i c l ?, w;t-, a letter from Mr. O'Counell, M.P., which was refeived to the sub-committee appointed at a former meeting, to communicate with that gz,.tl!itiiiin iiroil ll"Yl que.t,ions. The following interesting letter from Mr. Sharman Craw- ford was also read:— London, May 1S12. DEAR •'FRIEND,—! have received your letter com- municating to me the resolutioii ot thanks, and approval •Vfssed by the council of the National Complete Sntfrnge Union. Be assured it gives me the most sincere "ratifi- cation that they .should he ol opinion that my exertions have been of art" avail in forwarding the cause, which they did me the honour of placing -in nfy hands on the late oculsioll. And it will be no less my inclination than fliv duty to perservcre in every means of advancing it to a successful termination. With reference to moving for leave to bring in' a bill tor the purpose state,] in the reso- lution, during the present session, I fear there are obstacles in the way, as I stated to you in conversation, whj:11 would impede our progress. V0u arc so fujjv aware of the reasons which appear to me agaulKt nJod> of proceeding this session, I need not enter into them as particularly iisi should otherwise do, because vou will be able to explain them to the council; but there is one which is of special importance, namely that the member moving for the bill must be aide to state all details he purposes. N ow a member acting for a body would not be competent to state all these details (I mean especially the registra- tion details) until such time as they had been debated and determined by the body for which he was acting. I think this could not be effected in time for any practical dis- cussion in parliament during the present session. I think the question will be kept ;rlive by the motion of which I have giver, oil the third reading of the In- come tax bill of which 1 have already sent you a copy, and after that, before the close ot the session, a notice should be put on the votes, that leave will be moved for to bting in a bilk as described in t'lp resolutions of the council, early in the next session ot parliament. I trust this will meet the a[rproval of the council, at the same time I shall be happy to serve them in adopting whatever course shall, on full consideration, he deemed most ex- pedient. Yours, dear friend, most truly, "WILLIAM SHARMAN CRAWFORD." "Joseph Sturge, Esq." Mr. Morgan stated thai Mr. Joserdi Sturge had taken the memorial to the Queen to London, to be entrusted to the care ot Lord Brougham, for presentation to her Majes'y. A discussion then rose as to the appointment of a I newspaper as the organ of the union after which the !ollowing- re,ohltions were adopted .—■ 1. That it being necessary to appoint some recognised organ of communiéMion in which the prqeediugs of the Union may regularly be published;Wi'd to which its numbers and friends be may referred for authentic infor- mation and the new T),t per havif.g zealously co-operated in the origination of the Complete Suffrage movement, and having received the enthusiastic approval of the conference for its able and honest advocacy of the rights of the people, this council, having obtained the consent of the editor, and made with him the necessary arrangements, do hereby recognise and recommend that paper to the people a the weekly organ of the Union." 2. That they recommend the members and friends of the Union to make arrangements in their respective localities, tor obtaining correct information respecting the progress of the suffrage movement, both in reference to the Union and all other proceedings having the same object, and for sending condensed reports of meetings to the ollicr ot the Crane Court, Fleet-street and at the same time they desire to promote the circu- btioll ortha paper by every mean's in their power." That the council, at the same time, record their warmest thanks to that portion of the public press, which has honesrly and temperately advocated the political and social riht of the people: and trust that such papers and periodicals wiH always have the preference in their libraries, reading rooms, coffee houses, and places of public resort." Mr. Morgan also reported that since the last meeting 3_/ 1 members' cards had been issued. The committee then separated. »"

TIIE DIVISION OF MONDAY NIGHT. According to the ('hmnfrlr, an analysis of the division nn Mr. MHfs's motion on Monday night gives the f,)Ilc)wlrig restilt:- Against. For. 212 8G loS Liberal?. 27 Liberals. 113 :380 J J:3 Tories who voted for Mr. Miles 8f> Against 212 I Liberals present 10,) 2SJ Supposing the whole Liberals present voted with the Hö Tories, Sir Robert Peel would have been left in a minority of 69 281

i'ROP*sr.D 1, or (.AITIAL I PUXIS11.MEN rs IN NEW VOliK. the I The efforts which are being made in this country to improve and humanise our criminal code will be mate- rially assisted by the example which will probably, ere vry long, be set by X ew Yark and other States of the Angl ican Union. The attention of the House of Assem- bly in New York was recently directed to the subject of capital punishments, in consequence of the frequency ot executions-in, that State, which, containing a population of two filillioll", and a half, has witnessed eleven of these horrifying exposures during the last two years. The Governor's message referring to this subject contained a passage which very clearly intimated his own misgivings as to the propriety of things as they are:—"While many citizens deny the absolute right of Government to inflict capital punishment, all agree that its too great frequency operates as an encouragement rather than a preventive of critive. It is all interesting and important inquiry, whether that frequency does not exist among us." This message received the re:¡dy rcspotJ;e ot the House of Assembly, and led to the formation of a Select Committee, who have entered oil the consideration of the question with a zeal and an intelligence highly deserving the notice of Senates older than any in America. Thev have canvassed the whole subject of the justice and expediency of punishment by death, and they have come to the conclusion characterised, as we are convinced, as iiiticii by its justice as its bellevolence "t/wt capital punishment ouj-lit t" Ik <iltajt<iher abolished." It is too frequently the case, tliit when legislators are carried by their inquiries into the fields of theological discussion, they have entered an unknown region, where they find themselves in '"wiidering mazes lost," and where they have to hear a language which they under. stand not. More than once a tolerably successful pupil fro"1 one of our numerous Sunday schools would have been quite a Daniel in our own Legislature. The volun- tary principle has, however, saved the New York House of Assembly from the ludicrous innocence on religious matters from which our costly establishment has not delivered us. The argument derived from the Mosaic ( f e l ivere( i its. code Isthns noticed :— Hut who is there, at this day, who would look to those laws—a code framed under circumstances so peculiar, for purposes to he accomplished in the distant course of time, so awfully mysterious—for any model for the institutions of a nation and age falling within the scope of the mIlder law of that Christian dispensation, by which the former was abrogated I The code of Moses was, indeed, a scarcely less sanguinary one than that which the Athenian legislator was said to have written in blood. Not only were the Jews a semi-barbarian nation, for whom rude atul severe laws were natural, and perhaps necessary, but they were a peculiariystubborn and stitf-necke(reop!e, uneontrolable, in their fierce and wayward impulses of evil, even by the most fearful restraints of supernatural authority, and incurable by chas'isements and scourging* of both physicll and moral suffering, which we still shudder, at the distance of a thousand years, to read of, in that history which is impressed on every page with the stamp of the superhuman—the superhuman running at times, seemingly, into the inhuman, will not be questioned by any The reference to the Mosaic code proves nothin by proving a great tIpal to much. If it is to he regarded as either commanding or justifying to OJs ?,ho live within the pale of the Christian dispensation, the practice of capital punishment for the crime of murder, it is equally authori- tative in reference to a great many other offences to which it would be deemed at this day by the ulliversal moral sense of ail Christian nations, a perfect insanity of ferocity alld fanaticislll to dream ot applying it. Almost every one of the ten commandments, as well as that which says thoushalt not death." to it tile penalty o f With equal good sense aiTd sound divinity, if we may be permitted to jwlge tor ourselves, they proceed to dis- pose of the objection brought from the passage so often adduced, but so little understood, Whosoever sheddeth man's blood by man shall (or will) his blood lie shed." They state that the passage may be rendered Whatso- ever sheddeth man's blood, by man shall its blood he shed for in the iiinii/i'. made, he man and they infer from tite reason assigned (as given in italics) that the words "permit only the destruction ofbeas.s that are destructive to humanHte." Ibis view is supported by, various reasons, among which the case ol Cain is intro- duced who, "though a murderer, Was taken under God's special protection." It is not our design, on this occaq,.oii, to-(I() more than show the manner in which these questions have been handled by the New York Committee we would, how- ever, direct the attention of the Biolical critic to the view which we have just quoted. We wnHid dircct the attention of those learned divines, whose high stations and sacred office render it imperative oil them to indoctrinate the Upper House on this solemn and urgent question.we woutd,we say, call their attention to the example of an ancient ecclesiastical of high name, for whose authority we doubt not they entertain much reverence, and who in this matter displays the spirit of the religion he taught, and has set an example highly deserving the imitation of all most reverends, right reverends, and other reverends of smaller degree. We refer to Augustine, as quoted by the authors of this report — A very different lesson of the spirit of Christianity was taught by Saint Augustine —one of the early fathers of the Church, who himself owed his regeneration to the Gospel—who relates in his Epistles, th/it when Bishop of llippona lie prayed ill the name of the Gospel for the lives of the murderers who had assassinated a priest-in his diocese, alleging in his letter to the Roman Proconsul, that it wis better to make them work, and to leave them time for repentance, than to put them to death." If out. columns, or those of the Atheitceum, from which these quotations are made, should happen to catch any Episcopal eye, we hope that they will work their due eiP,lct on the head, heart, and tongue, of the peisonage to vvhom that eye may happen to belong. The Committee then proceed to disCllCS the question, how fir self-defence renders capital punishment neci ssarv, and characterise the. present method of making tlif, ci-iiiii- nal an example" (1" is he not in many cases really" an example"), as "a Shocking; sortor experirnrllting on -is it has been well termed, to kill one man in order to reform or confirm the virtue of another, which, in consequence of one now irretrievable evil, repro- dner's the same in the person of its ttitlior seeks to repress the indulgence of cruelty by a cruelty not less ruthless, and still more deliberate, and can only deter from the shedding of human blood by itself setting the example of the very act it forbids." The following: anecdote, on the authority of Sir T. F. Buxton, is but one of a legion to show that the public execution of the criminal l as no tendency to guard society from the crime for which he has been visited with the extreme penalty of the law:—■ "An Irishman, found guilty of issuing fogged bank- notes, was executed, and his body delivered to his family. While his widow was lamenting over the corpse, a young man came to purchase some forged notes. As soon as she knew his business, forgetting at once both her grief and the cause of it, she raised up the dead body of her husband and pulled from under it a parcd of the very line paper for which lie had forfeited his lifp. At that moment an alarm was given of the approach of the police, and, not knffwing where else to conceal the notes, she thrust them into the mouth of the corpse, and there the officers found them." If ever there vi a case which more lotsdly than another called for the infliction of death by the hand of the public executioner, it is that by which the feelings of the whole of our community have been recently harrowed up. But as we have before said, and here repeat, the administra- tion of capital punishment iil the case of Good, will serve no beneficial end. On the night preceding the death of that wretched culprit the Old Baily will lie, as on similar occasions heretofore, the rendezvous of a profligate and abandoned rabble, who while awaiting the awful display of public justice, and within sight of the apparatus of death, will give loose to heartless pastime, and coarse immorality. When morning comes, their curiosity to catch a glimpse of the malefactor, and to gratify a feeling of personal vindictiveness, which if not restrained by force. would lead to the very crime that has assembled them together at length the bell will toll, the wretch, trembling on the boundary line of the two worlds, witl be led forth, the brutal shout of execration will meet his ears, the worst in the mob will shout the loudest, and unpitied and unwept he will he. (We leave a blank for each one to supply for himself.) A n(I what then ? Will there be no more murders will there be one less than if the spectacle Tvfci not taken place? Let the results of all such disgraceful scenes give the reply. Now, let the plan recommended by the Committee" he viewed in contrast with this picture. It is worthy of attentive perusal tor I s good sense, as well as for the eloquence and beauty with which it is given and com- mending it to the notice of our readers and our rulers, we, for the present, bid the painful subject adieu. Advocating "perpetual imprisonment" in capital cases, they say "The salutary influence of he example' of the penalty of the law for the violation of the law—instead of being, as now, the oec:ls10n of.1 brief exaitement in the immedi- ate vicinage of the scene of its infliction, speedily to be dismissed from the thoughts of all, and from the memo- ries of all, Imt a limited ollmber-woítldend only with the life which it would dooni the criminal to drag out to the natural close assigned to it by him who gave it. It would, perhaps, be well to erect a separate prison for the incarceration of such convicts. The insolation of the very walls which immure them from all contact with any oth!'r Îlahit:rtioY1s of the rest of the race against which they have been guilty of so monstrous an outrage, woukl con- tinue to strengthen the impression of solemn dread with which the gloomy abode would be always contemrdated by the latter. The terror with which this punishment would be regarded, alike from its nature and duration, and from it greatly increased certainty, would not-now be enhanced by any any such additional appeal to the imagi- nation. The criminal who should have abused the young energies and passions of manhood, perhaps at its earliest period, so as to imbue his hands in the sacred blood of his fellow creature, might here be seen perhaps half a century after, a grey old man and the spectacle of all the inmates of the murderers' prison, each lengthening out the weary chain of his days according to the respective dates of their criiiif-g- in labour, solitude, igziojiiitiv- food, clothing, and lodging all coarse and liarci-excoininliiii- cated from their kind, and even from all the domestic relations which their civil death will have severed as completely as is done by the natural dissolution of soul and body—never again to behold the face of mother, wife, child, brother, or friend—known and familiar as the whole would be kept to the public mind, by the periodical accounts of the establishment which would be published, and by that shuddering interest with which it wonld be reg,irb, ? C( by the whole community—it cannot be doubted, that such a mode of at the same time punishing and pre- serving to punish would operate with a hun redfold increased effect to restrain from similar crime, by the terror of example."

Tirr. CHARTISTS AND THE MILITARY SERVICE.— The Chartists cf Birmingham having recently b<=en busily engaged in exciting the populace against the military ser- vice, and to dissuade them from enlisting into lier Nia- jpsty's service, by distributing hand-bills and lecturing oil the subject, it has been found necessary to interfere with their illegal proceedings, and Samncl Hiufs,nbutton- maker, was c? Saturday, charged before the magistrates, and held to bail 'o answer the offence, himself in £ 20, and one suretv of the same amount. Mr. Joseph Sturge became the defendant's surety. The Attorney-General is to be consulted as tu the course to be adopted in pro- seiutingthe prisoner. It tnnv he recollected that liOid j Oeiidiao iu i'ain!! sentence OLI Good, the murderer of tile poor Montgomeryshire wonla" afhideJ to his \ihj¡\ioOI1" propensities a h""illi! led him to theco1!Î""iol\ of his last horrihle crinw. The (Ht-he adopting his lordship's 1 views on this point observes—" Tiie proxiuiate impelling motive to the murder ot the unfortunate woman for which Daniel Good this morning sutferpd death, was doubtless, the loose which he had given to depraved appetite leading him, without remorse, frorn one woman to another, until unbridled sensuality refused to allow any harrier to exist between him and its indulgence. "Women," said the wretched man, in one of the last conversations he held with an offidai cmwected with the prison, have been my ruin as Mr. •, one of my masters, told me they would be, some time or other." To cohabit, unrestrained, with a younger woman, with whom he had formed a guilty intimacy, and to extricate himself from the embarrassment which resulted from his connexion with the ill-fated Jane Jones—who, from everything which is known respecting her, was careful, industrious, faithful to him, and kind, almost with a mother's kindness, to his child- he seems to have formed aud cherished for weeks the intention of destroying her. The suspicion excited in her mind by a casual observation of Mrs. Hester, one of the witnesses on his trial, respecting the visits of the young woman, Butcher, to the stable, possibly precipitated his commission of the crime; but the whole bearing of the evidence plainly shewed that he had contemplated its perpetration, by some means, for a considerable time. The mode in which he sought to rid hiroself of the body of the murdered woman, investing the deed of blood with appalling interest, though it did not increase the turpitude of the crime, most power- fully exhibited the coolness of purpose and determined perseverance of the murderer. This familiarity with guilt, this readiness to go all lengths in carrying out his projects, attest the utter absence of compunctious visitings from conscience, and prove that forbidden indulgence of the grosser passions of human nature calcine the heart, and render the man a compound of the beast and fiend. THK LONDON SEASON.—Before the word Season ac- quired its present signification, the gaieties of the town commenced with the Queen's birthday on the 18th of January, and ended with the King's on the 4th of June. It was considered a saciifice of loyalty to remain in Lon- don till the birthday and to he seen there afterwards, was accounted a proof of irregular and dissipated habits. Now, the most briiliaut. entertainments of London take place in June aud scarcely a family of consideration, if ex-official, is to be seen here before Easter. Before Easter, no one troes to the opera—before Easter, no one drives iu the park. Those who, hi consequence of a death or marriage, or any ether severe domestic affiiétion in their family,{— those who havint! Parliamentary duties to attend to, or a dentist to conslllt,-a snit in Chancery, or a bill ill commÏttee,- make a sacrifice of their feelings, and settle in their family mansion in Grosvenor-squarc before the commencement of the season, do it with the fear of shame before their eyes —live cautiously, as if living incognito,—and make a thousand apologies even to the man they invite to dinner, for being in London at so preposterous a time of year, when the coulltr,. is so thoroughly 'disagreeable. A MAN STABBED BY rttS BROTHER..—The following tragical occurrence has thrown the village of Hanworth, Middlesex, into a state of great excitement. On Sunday night last a fight ensued between two men, named Thomas and John Stores, brothers, whilst under the influence of liquor, in the Bear public-house in that place. From the statement of parties present, the affray seems to have originated with John Stores, who gained the fight, and left the house and had reached the green, when Thomas Stores ran up to him and stabbed him in the back and stomach with a pocket-knife. The poor man fell to the ground, exclaiming, '• I'm killed I'm killed 1" The per- petrator of the attempted fratricide made his escape. The wouuded man was taken back to the Bear public-house, and quickly attended upon by a medical man, who up to yesterday gave no hopes of his recovery. On Monday aftereoon Thomas Stores was apprehended by a constable of the V division, and would have been examined at Staiaes yesterday, but for the dangerous state he himself is in, which is supposed to have resulted from the violence he received from people who saw him stab his brother. SOUTHAMPTON*, MAY 21-nltF.ACII OF THE PEACE BY A NEW TORY MAGISTRATE. —A bench warrant was issued to-day against Mr. John S. Moody, lately a brewer in this town,and one of the recent batch of lory magis- trates, for sending a challenge to T. L- Harman, Esq., the registered proprietor of the Ilampslwc Tndipendent. news- paper, in consequence of some severe but well-merited strictures which appeared in that journal On the contradic- tory an I very suspicious evidence given by Mr. Moody before the late Southampton election committee. THE MAILS.—The Irish mails now arrive in Dublin "24 hours after they leave London. The Scotch mails reach Edinburgh in 30 hours, and Glasgow in 2-1 hours, The places in Wales which receive day mails from London, are Carnarvon, Ho'yweH, Baugor, Mold, Conway, Pwllhelli, and St. Asaph. The great annual match between the Oxford nnd Cambridge Clubs, with their eight-oared cutters, is to come off on the 10th June. DEAl H OF SIlt ROBERT KEn POUTF.S, K.C.H.— Sir Robert Ker Porter, who expired sudeny, of apoplexy, at St. Petersburgh, on the 3d of this month. The de- ceased was years of age. His most recent appoint- ment was that of Consul at Venezuela, from which place he returned in IS 1-1. He was author of several books of travels. He was brother of Dr. O. Porter, of Bristol, I' and Miss Anna Maria Porter and Miss Jatie Porter, both well known for their literary talents. ¡ HORRIBLE I/EPRAVITV.- On Wednesday last, Led- I bury town was thrown into estate of Excitement, Hodges made a brutal assault upon his o\Vn daughter, a child only twelve years of age. He is committed to take his trial at the next sessions, for an a5sa¡lIt with intent, &c. Tlw evidence of the poor child, who was suffering dreadfully from the demoniac conduct of l1er inhuman parent, and who, whpn she Went to tJC office, was ohliged to be sup- ported hy two other females, proved, in the clearest man- ner, the nature of the offence, which was corroborated by a brother older than herself, as well as by a woman who resided in thp salOP house, who, in consequence of the child's cries. went to: 11cr assistance. The evidence of the surgeons fully proved that tlie child had been used in the most brutal manner. It is stated, as a fact, that two elder daughters have received the like, or worse treatment, from this fiend in human shnpe. Ditring the time he was in the office, hundreds of f)trsons had assemeled in the streets and we shall never forget the execrations, loud and deep, which were uttered against him when he came forth, and the joy that was evinced when it became known that he was committed for trlak—Hereford Times. LAPSUS LIXGUJE.—On the Sunday preceding last Christmas-day, the clergywan of a rural parish, not one hundred miles from Ledbury, says the Hereford Times, 1II;1(.Ie the following singular annonncP(1)¡<nt'to his con- gregation I hereby gi ve rltice, that Oil Saturday next, being Good Friday, the service will commence at half- past two o'cloek." The llev. Gentleman did not per- ceive his mistake till he read it in the countenances of his congregation, when he corrected himself by saying that "Saturday, being" thp annIversary of our Saviour's nativity, service would commence at the time he had stated." The Rev. Robert Colein.an,^Yesleyan Tvlinisteiyof Led- bury, summoned Richard Skinner, of Torrington, for interrupting him at a chapel hi Bosbury. After the rev. gentleman had finished his discourse, defendant told him that he was much obliged to him for his tale," and offered to give him some beer and tobacco. The only object the rev. gentieman in coming before the magis- trates was to prevent futurei interruption, and, at his re- quest. the defendant was dealt-very leniently with, heing let oft'on paying the expenses, which amounted to 9s. 6d. THE W'EI.SII ASSIZE CIRCUITS.—The SZ/retesbun/ Xeu-s, in reference to the statement that the government, on the suggestion of Lord Amnger, is about to introduce a bill into Parliament, to merge the six counties of North. Wales into two, for assize pnrp0Ses. and also to send two judges instead of one on the circuit, says if any such measure as that alluded to should be contemplated by the government, we trust |t the inhabitants of North Wales will sink aH party diftqrence and unite in oppos- ing it. FLINTSHIRE.— A numerous triceting of the friends of Mr. Mostyn, the late member for Flintshire, was held at the Crown and Anchor, on Wednesday, at which it was unanimously resolved to present the lion, gentleman with some testimony indicative of the high respect entertained for his pnhlic and private character, as well as for thecoHslstellt liberality of his political principles. An adjouni<'ll.mp,->ting is to be held to deter- mine whether a piece at plate or a portrait of himself shall be adopted. THE FLINTSHIRE PETITION.—Mr. Mos- tyn has withdrawn fron) the scrutiny, thus surrendering the seat to his oponent, without a contest. That tins is a triumph to the Tories and a disappointment to the Liberals, we shall not attempt to deny. And so far as triumph is cidebratcd with anything like a regard to truth and decency we shall not complain. But we can- not permit statements to pass as current which are at utter variance with Lets, and distorted for purposes not very reputable. The experience of the session has so far shown that the new construction of election Cotm mittees, instead of doing away with that party hue which characterised the old form of Committees, has rendered those tribunals more thoroughly party and less judicial than ever. Except in one case, all the decisions have been "foregone conclusions," according to the political bias of the Chairman. This is notorious. We make the statement without reference to party. The moment the construction of this Committee was"known, and partieu- larly that Sir Edmund Hays was Chairman, it naturally hecame a serious question, whether Mr. Mostyn should contend against so overwhelming a disadvantage; and, though under fair circumstances his scat would have been sa fe, yet we think that he exercised a wise discretion in withdrawing from the enquiry; and certainly if his oppo- nents had one atom of gentlemanly feeling, they would appreciate a line of conduct that has saved them an enor- mous expense, and which Mr. Mostyn might have put them tu, at very small cost to himself.—Shremslmry News. FINES AND RECOVERIES IN WAI.ES.—The bill for amending the law relating to Fines and Recoveries in Wales, was read a third time on Monday. EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERY. A Madrid paper mentions the discovery of a cave near Oviedo, which is nearly a leagiie and a ha)fin circumference! A quantity of human bones were discovered in this remarkable sub- terranean repository, as well as the handle of an antique sword, which has been sold to a goldsmith of Oviedo for five ounces of gold. ANCIENT CASTLES.—The number of castles, of which there are known to be existing remains is. in England, 161 Wales, 107 Scotland, l'w; Ireland, 120;—giving a total ofSi-3. And it is probable that if more accurate search were made, it would be found near a thousand. EARTHQUAKE IN GREECE.— Letters from Athens of the 28th ult. state, that several violentshocks of an earth- quake were felt in various parts of the Peloponnesus; of- the 18th, at Sparta, the shocks lasted from 2.3 to 30 seconds each. RECITE FOR GOOSEBERRY CHAMPAGNE.—Crush a bushel and a half of green gooseberries, put them in a tub with twelve gallons of river water to soak for three days; then draw nf1' the liquor amI press thc fruit; when you have extracted as much moisture as it will yield, put a gallon and a half more water to the hulls; stir it well and press the fruit again add the result to the first por- tion dissolve forty-two pounds of loaf sugar in the liquor, fill a cask with it, leaving the burg out as long as fer- mentation goes on: then fasten it down. Bottle in the following spring, cover the corks with wire apd green wax to distinguish th wine, • V

TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. I We have received a score or more of letters on the sub- ject of some observations in our last iiLjiiif)ei-. As we are of course compelled to make a selection some- where, we publish the four that first came to hand. That dated Carmarthen is the only anonymous one. Two arc from gentlemen whose names, if we were at liberty to disclose, would carry cousiderabls weight from their character and standing in the country. O. E.—The /iicnine is falsely called the Property Tax Bill- just as the Tories call themselves Conservatives. J. L. K.—Can so small a sum as E]50 be invested in a Government Annuity?—Yes. What interest will a man receive that is past 12 years of age for £ 100 ?— Rather more than 5t per cent. We decidedly re- commend government security. A Landlord" may learn from Professor Johnston that while the population proceeds by railroad, the post- coach of agriculture can never hope to overtake it. J. If.-Letters, whether containing money or not, can be registered on payment of a fee of one shilling, in addition to' the ordinary rates of postage. Registered letters stamped considered as paid letters, but the registration fee ot one shilling to be always paid in money. X.—The Right Hon. Sir James Graham was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, and a member of the Cabinet, when Earl Grey was called into power, and continued in office until 1881., when he retired. Li.tNv RLLYN-" Hail to St. David, brave St. David, Hail to the land of leeks, oh For the leeks prevailed, When the Danes assailed, And made them repent of their freaks, oh i" Llewellyn's lines are good; hilt the Wetehmtui believes they have an older father than their friend. D. J.—There is iron eTtOlíghin the blood ef 42 men to make a plough-share weighing about 2 t pounds. TEETOT ALLER.—It is calculated that one eighth of the 'deaths in London are caused by drinking spirituous liquors. D. T.—Tea was first introduced about 1660, and sold at 00s. per lb. E. E.-The Duke of Wellington is 73 years of age. B. A —The exact distance from the post office of London to that of Bristol, is 121 miles, 1 furlong, 25 poles, 29 yards, 1 foot, and 85 links. M.— Julius Caesar was assassinated B.C. 45. WEEKLY F r.TfibspKCT."—Our London Correspondent's usual sumniary has not reached us—probably be- cause lie had nothing to communicate; for of news there is none, save the Parliamentary talk about the Taritl and the importation of Foreign Cattle—a sub- wliicli occupies a large share of our columns. A 'Cardiganshire subscriber should confide to us his name. The Welshman is a N,ell-s-piper-wliat occurred on Whit Monday is no longer news. us liear from Observer;" No offence or discourtesy was intended in the notice to Mr. II -8, f Neath. Several of our correspondents' "favours," though para- graphic are advertisements, and if inserted at all, must be paid for. I | M. L .'s seml-aristocratiêal assumption is simply amusing. Why, if we were to notice one ninetieth part only of the letters we are constantly receiving from honorary and stipendiary correspondents, a whole regiment of clerks would be required. We really cannot either do this, or write our fingers off to please any per- son. We do not profess to answer letters at all—at at most, in any way, other than suits our own convenience.

IMPORTATION OF FOREIGN CATTLE. We have not much to add to what we said last week about the new Tariff; and the trickery which the Peel government have practised in relation to that minor measure, as well as the great question ot the Corn-laws. Our readers indeed must now be pretty well acquainted with the true bearings of the question for the analyses of the Tariff-bill that have previously appeared in our columns, in conncxion with the introductory speech of its proposer, Sir Robert Peel, must have rendered every person who read them sufficiently familiar with the whole subject to be able to foriii his own opinion on the several changes meditated by the present administration. We shall now then offer but a few tardier observations on the clauses in the Tariff-bill of which the operation particu- larly concerns the Principality of Wales. We of course allude to those which relate to the im- portation of Foreign Cattle and meat. This part of the Premier's scheme has excited consi- derable alarm amongst the -Yett body of the I agriculturists. We, nevertheless, incline to be- lieve that whether the Tate of duty levied on the importation of Foreign Cattle and meat be made higher or not, is a point of infinitely less conse- quence perhaps than oitr home-breeders at present think. Most of our contemporaries, we see, are iff opinion that, like the alteration in the sliding- scale, the proposed changes in the Tariff will be inoperative; and we ourselves arc disposed to adopt a similar view. It is, however, plain that (not excepting, perhaps, Scotland and Ireland) if one part of the United Kingdom is more exposed to injury than others, by the innovation, Wales is that part. In many parts of the principality, if not in all, the Breeding of Cattle and the selling them lean is a principal source of subsistence to the inhabitants. Lean cattle may be said to be the staple product of the country—it may indeed be considered the sole exchangeable agricultural product of the country; for the Corn grown in Wales is insufficient for the consumption of her own inhabitants, small as is their consumption. If then any section of the country will suffer from the permission about to be given, by the Tory government, to the foreigner, to come into our our own markets, to compete with our own breeders and to undersell them if they can, Wales would certainly seem to be that section, and her inhabi- tants, on this hypothesis, would appear to have been marked out as the primary and peculiar objects of the Conservative premier's prey. At ah events, this great difference must present itself to every man in the principality that, whereas the iixetl duty on corn, the proposal of Avhich, by the Whig Government, cost them their places, could not, by possibility even, have done any harm to W^ elidi agriculture, the temporising and lariffof tbe Tory administration, however inopera- tive it may bo found by experience, is productive of much present alarm, and of course, may ulti- i)iatel v lead to consequences which the most sagacious political economists cannot foresee. We, ourselves, have not the least reserve in saying that we do not set the barm it wil! do. Bui. the Wi'lshuun, nevertheless .is in the habit, ui' looking with considerable suspicion on all half-measures, and this ministerial scheme for raising the wind, is of that class. Besides, we have seen Sir Robert Peel set out with professions of the purest Conser- vative passion impliedly pledging himself to a strictly restrictive system—and he is soon after- wards caught in the council-chamber, taking liber- ties that have scandalized the Tories and detached many of his supporters. His coquetry, however, is less culpable than contemptible-after having been found out flirting With Free Trade, why does not the right hon. baronet acknowledge IllS alliance and get married to the immortal maid, without further flirtation and shillyshallying t We have already said that the most enlightened men, while disapproving the double-dealing of the Tories' premier, and like us protesting against the false atil fraudulent pretences that have cha- racterized his successful struggle to crawl to the Treasury benches, assert that the new Tariff will be inoperative. This opinion indeed is pretty generally entertained. Our readers, however, will not fail to remember that Sir Robert Peel has repeatedly avowed that his object is to make meat somewhat cheaper, by admitting foreign cattle to compete with our own—and pro tuvlo, by this course, proximately at least, to damage hc agricultural interest. This is the Minister's avowed object—the actual operation is another matter. A writer in a Sunday paper has brought to bear on the new Tariff" some useful factsot which, in conclusion, we shall avail ourselves so far as consists with the end proposed in the present article. Adam Smith says, If the importation of foreign cattle," were made ever so free, so few would be imported that the grazing trade of Great Britain would be little affected by it. Live cattle are, perhaps, the only commodity of which the transportation is more expensive by sea than by land. By land they carry t hemselves to market; by sea, not only the cattle, but their food and their water too must be carried, at no small expense and inconvenience. The short sea between Ireland and Great Britain, indeed, renders the importation of Irish cattle more easy; but though the free importation of them, which was lately permitted only for a limited time, were rendered perpe- tual, it would have no considerable effect upon the interest of the graziers of Great Britain." Well, then, what Adam Smith contemplated has taken pldce; the importation of cattle from Ireland into Groat Britain is perfectly free, and has been so since he wrote the passage now qnotfd in 1770, or for 6.. years; and the result is that all the Irirlh cows and oxenexporte supposing them to be all consumed in England, would, as far as mere number goes, furnish a supply for Smith- field for seven months; but as they are, for the most part, lean, and their estimated value but £ 8 a head, whereas the average of the kine slaughtered in Smithfield is about three, times as much, they would, in fact, furnish a supply for London for.only ten weeks!" The same remark applies to Irish sheep and pigs. "In 1835, the exports of cattle from Ireland to all parts,—nearly all, of course, to Great Britain, was, cows and oxen, 98,150 horses, ■I,Goo; sheep, 125,1-52; and swine, 376,101 j their esti- mated value being £ 1,&53,115, that is about one-half what the people of this kingdom-chieny the poorer part, pay as tax tor permission to chew, snuff, and smoke a certain American weed, called tohrcco. This is the result of more than 60 years of a free trade with the finest pastoral country in the world; the onfy pastoral country conveniently near to England, and the only one from which cattle can be imported without payment cf duty under the new Tariff. Such must inevitably be the case with any continental country that can furnish us with cattle, and we have not the smallest doubt.but that Adam Smith's opinion on this point, also, is perfectly correct. "Fat cattle," says be, "could not be driven so far. Leaticattle only, therefore, could be imported; and such importation could interfere, not with the interest of the feeding or fattening counties, to which, by reducing the price of lean cattle, it would rather be advantageous, but with that of the breeding countries only. The small number of Irish cattle" (in relation to population it is stiil slllaIl)" imported since their importation was permitted, together with the good prices at which lean cattle still continue to sell, seem to demonstrate that ,even the breeding counties of Great Britain are never likely to be much affec ed by the free importation of Irish cattle." But where are the cattle, fat or lean, to come from ?— it is farcical as we shall show next week, to suppose that any considerable number can reach our shores.

Since the above remarks were written, a report of the debate on Mr. Miles's much-sneered at amendment, for levying the duties on the impor- tation of Foreign cattle, bY1veigld, has readied us. The speeches, hotvever, made on this occasion, do not call for any lengthened comment, even if we had the space, which we have not, at our com- mand for such purpose, and we shall content our- selevs with little more than referring the reader to our parliamentary report, where will be seen all that can be well said, both for, and against, the amendment. The most noticeable feature in last Monday night's proceedings, is the fact, that if the Liberal's had been actuated by party-motives alone, and had voted against Sir Robert Peel, the Tory government would have been defeated by a majo- rity of Sixty-seven! For no less than 162 Libe- ral members voted in the majority on Monday night; of Tories, there were 218. The number of Tories, in the minority, was 97 of Liberals 26. Sir R. Peel, thus aided, was enabled to laugh at the Horned'Cattle'Interestand he accordingly, with considerable self-complacency and facetiousness, set Mr. Miles and his motion at defiance. The minister, significantly and with a quiet air of triumph, reminded Mr. Miles and the other Tory agricultural members, who were so little scrupu- lous when the question was the imposition of taxes on other people, that lie had now got the Income-tax for which he thanked them—sarcas- tically hinting, that he hoped they would recover their lost temper !—and that as the differences which existed between them aid not disturb his grateful sense of the assistance he had all along received from them," he trusted they would be as good friends again as ever, after Monday night's proceedings were at an end The right hon. bart., no doubt had in mind, the adage, that the quarrels of lovers, but strengthen love." For the rest, as the Globe pungently puts it—"If Sir Robert Peel is not simply to be regarded as a great humbug, which it would be painful to think, and disres- pectful to predicate of a Prime Minister, he must intend (after tripping up the Whigs for proposing too much) to do more than he dares as yet dis- tinctly to announce, with his present party behind him." In the course of the debate, Sir Robert Peel said:— "Are we not bound to look out for a wider area of sup- ply? (Hear, hear.) Take the five years preceding the last. In the five years ending- with 1836, the number of cows and oxen imported into Liverpool from Ireland was. on an average, 548,000; and yet the pi ice of the markets increased. Does not that suggest an important principle ? Is it not a strong indication that population in this country is increasing more rapidly than the supply of food ?" 1 have a deep impression," said Sir Robert Peel, "a firm I conviction that population is increasing more rapidly than the supply of provisions in this country. I am firmly per- suaded that justice to consumers requires the establish- ment of increased facilities for the admission of food." How can Sir Robert Peel's avowed opinion of the growing ne- cessity for increasing the supply of food to the people of England by means of commerce consist with his own at- tempts to baffle commercial agencies in effecting that ob- ject ?" It was well observed by Lord John Russell, that, As to general articles of provision in the Tariff, they were to think that the: reducing of the cost of article of subsistence was an object to be sought, and one which the right hon. gentleman the Vice-President of the Board of Trade earnestly entreated them to attain and yet, with respect to that very article of corn, they were to proceed upon a principle diametrically opposite. (Hear.) And then it seemed to him to make it worse, that their argu- ment with respect to cattle was, that no great quantity would be admitted; whilst as to corn, he thought they might urge, as the right hon. gentleman did the other night, that it might be exported from all parts of the world. The right hon. gentleirian said, You may admit cattle only from the countries of Europe, but there is not the same reason for corn, as that would come from all parts of the words.' (Hear.) What was the meaning of that argu- ment ? It was this—There was a sound principle-a principle for practical legislation upon which to found their commercial policy hereafter, which they could hold up for an example to foreign nations, and ask them to imi- tate, and yet it was only adopted to be inoperative when- ever it would be most beneficial to be kept back when- ever it so most good—a principle not to be acted on in those cases." It may be objected to the 26 Liberal members who voted with Mr. Miles, that they did so, to bid for popularity amongst the Horned Cattle Inter- est;" but we think that they had a perfect right, if they chose, to set their faces against Sir Robert Peel's partial, patchwork like legislation. They arc not the less Liberal for demanding an uniform comprehensive policy. Why the breeders of cat- tle, and not the growers of corn, are to be subjected to competition with the foreigners, remains to be explained. It matters not how remote the risque to the breeders of cattle may be considered—no; even if their apprehensions are deemed chimerical, they had, nevertheless, an undoubted right to say to the Tory Prcmier-apply not the competitive principle to us alone, but "let its application be general. A procedure, so partial, is unjust, and we do not like your left-handed legislation.

CONTINUANCE OF THE POOR-LAW. I If additional evidence were sought of the tricky and unscrupulous character of the Conservative government, it would be found in their oonduct with regard to the Poor Law. Out of office,they denounce it as diabolical; in office, they praise it as the perfection of human legis- tion. They indeed used the Corn-law ind tl c loor. lw as stepping stones merely, to office. It is scarcely a year ago, since the Toiies fulminated their anti-poor-law phi- lippics throughout the country-Jmt a few short months since, we heard the Tories dealing damnation to the tyrants cf Somerset Hcuse tliey did this everywhere j at public, meetings, on the hustings and through their accredited organs, the Times and the Standard, curses, botli loiid and deep rung through the land. In short, we heard of nothing, during the last general election, so lIJuch, as of the" horrors of the Poor-law." With the same disregard of truth that marks their shameless career generally, they averred that it was a Whig measure, (although, the Duke of Wellington in the LTpper, and Sir It Peel in the Lower House, with scores of other Conservatives supported the measure,) and that it Lliev, the Tories, were but in power, the people would soon see the repeal of that tyrannical law, as well as the dethrone ment of the kings of Somerset House." How patheti- cally they spoke of "the water-gruel dietary!" How vehemently they denounced the cruelty practised on the Poor-house-prisoners! The bastardy clause was brutal -biit they absolutely wept over the separation of man and wife. Fools that the honest opponents of a harsh measure were, to believe in the sincerity of Conservative professions I 'I he canting hypocrites have now been in power ten months, and not only is this much abused and loudly execrated law still in force; but Sir James tJra- ham -instead of letting it die a natural death, on the :31t of July, the term allotted to it by the Whigs—has actually moved its re-enactment! Just before the Whitsuntide recess, this right hon. baronet came down to the house and proposed the continuance of the New Paor L-tw for five years longer! Sir James lauded the law—he be- praisd ¡ as much as it had been before blamed he was convinced th^ the law conduced" not only to the com- fort of the sick, thu aged and the infirm; but to the ad- vancement of honest industry and the increase of its just remuneration." Were we not right last week in declaring that the Tories, as a party, have proved themselves tricksters. Grosser duplicity—more infamous prostitu- tion of public principles to party purposes has seldoni been witnessed, than in their conduct regarding this question. It will be secn, by the subjoined abstract of the principal clauses in the bill introduced by Sic James Graham, that the bill of the Tories and the bill of the Whigs are substantially the sime: -The Poor-law Commission is to be continued for five years, and it is proposed to reduce the number of Assist- ant Commissioners to nine. Gilberts' Act Unions may be dissolved without the consent of Guardians, but no parish, under a Local Act, containing a population of more than 20,000, can be united with another parish without the consent of two-thirds of the Guardians. Parishes may be combined for the formation of district schools for pauper children, the rules of the Commission- ers relating to such schools to be subject to the consent of the Committee of Council for Education. A Chaplain is to be appointed by each District Board, with the consent of the Bishop of the diocese; and the children of Dissen- ters, and others, who object to the Liturgy and Cate- chism of the Church, may be visited by ministers of their espective religious persuasions. Six clauses contain re- gulations respecting parish apprentices, which, if carried into effect, will abate the evils of the present system. Persons taking children as apprentices are to produce evidence of &ood character, and the relieving officers are to inquire and report upon their treatment. Relief for the casual poor, wayfarers, and disorderly women in the metropolis, is provided tor and any parish or union re- lieving such persons, after they had been improperly re- fused relief, may recover the cost from the officers refus- ing. Clause 30, authorises the payment of funeral expen- ses, and empowers guardians to bury a pauper in the churchyard of the parish where he dies. Persons becom- ing chargeable, through sickness, are to be relieved where resident, and are not to be removed till they have been chargeable for forty days consecutively. The cost of apprehending and prosecuting vagrants to be paid out of the poor rates. The following is the remedy against the putative father of an -idegitimate child If a putative father does not pay the money due from him, under an order of application and maintenance, the same may be recovered by Distress and sale of his goods. and if sufficient distress cannot be had, he mav be com- mitted to gaol for any term not exceeding three months. But no order is to be made upon any putative father for any expences in respect of the child other than its main- tenance within a workhouse, and in conformity with the regulations of the Commissioners." Clause .1,0 repeals the existing scales of voting for elec- tion of guardians. Rate-payers under E200 will have one vote; t200 or under CIOO two votes; and at jCt-OO or more, three votes. If the amount of assessment for pro- perty, belonging to an owner shall not exceed X50 he will have one vote if the same shall amount to £ 50 and not ex- ceed C7,5 two votes; and so on, giving an additional vote for every C25 up to kl50 when he will have six votes. No person is to hold more than four proxies, unless he be the steward or agent of Ins principal. The remain- ing clauses relate chiefly to the appointment, resignation, and competing of Guardians. Provision is also mad e for more extensive out-door relief.

P A R LIA M E N T A R Y R E F O It M. That the present House of Commons does not titlly represent public opinion is an assertion that no one can. deny. Its members got into Parliament tlirouglithose"fou I influences" which it was the original object of the Reform Bill to neutralize. This is notorious. Bribery at the last election was so general, that it is thought a mockery to propose that even nine members should declare them- selves guiltless of it. And yet it is this corrupt House of Commons that legislates for Great Britain, that im- poses taxes on her people, perpetuates a Poor-law and an agrarian monopoly, makes one law for the rich and another for the poor, introduces an inquisition, and mis- governs the eighteen millions of which the United King- dom is composed. Surely this is not as it should be. Ought we not to demand Parliamentary Reform ? With- out having pledged ourselves to an approval of details, we last week expressed our satisfaction at seeing an As- sociation formed for the purpose of promoting Parlia- mentary Reform. To the prospectus of that association which will be found in our first page we earnestly entreat attention. Funds have been subscribed to an amount (JElOO) sufficient to warrant a commencement of the good work; and from the zeal, parnestness, and talents of the promoters, of the patriotic individuals engaged in it, be- neficial results may be reasonably looked for. We ex- tract the following passage from the prospectus:—" It was expected that the Reform Bill, brought into Parlia- ment in 1831, would put an end to the corruptions of the House of Commons but in the progress of the bill through the House, clauses were inserted in it, which, together with the small number of electors in very many of the boroughs, made the elections of members mere matters of infiuenee. and money and the House of Com- mons is now as corrupt as when it was in the power of the borou-U-mongers, before the Reform Bill was passed in .18;t. The unjust laws, which the corrupt House of Commons have suffered to remain, have prevented the improvement of agriculture, limited trade, commerce, and manufactures, and, consequently, reduced the employ- ment of the people and the real amount of their wages; they have destroyed the small comforts of millions, de- prived hundreds of thousands of a portion of their food, the forerunner of disease and death, and compelled them to believe that no remedy for any of these evils can be found but in a House of Commons elected by the whole people. The extent of information amongst the people appears to warrant the conclusion that the time has come when Associations, to procure a thorough Reform of the House of Commons, may he formed, without reference to classes or parties, and free from any particular denomina- tion, excepting th^t.of Parliamentary Reformers. That such associations may be expected to be very numerous, and be composed of every rational man, who wishes for good government, to promote and sustain the well-being of the people."

A POLITICAL PUBLIC. We recur this week to the circumstance of some obser- vations having been previously hazarded under the head of Political Latitudinarism," merely for the purpose of giving one brief answer to, and general acknowledgment of, the several letters on the subject with which we have been honored. It some of the remonstrating writers,* who decry party-spirit so loudly and sweepingly without, we apprehend, having any very distinct ideas about the matter, had read what we have written on the subject—at least, with the attention we desired, they would have seen at once that the 11 tlslimun s main object avowedly was to arouse the slumbering energies of Reformers—to prevent the Liberals from sinking into a state of selSsh and stupid inactivity-to render them true to themselves—to induce them to stand up like men for their principles and to urge them to ACT-to act too with that zeal, as well as unity and directness of purpose, which distinguishes the Real from the Sham Reformer. Our observations went to this extent only. That they I should be attended with In.y immediate, assignable result is what of course we never contemplated. The formation of a Political Public in small remote towns is no. easy matter—at least it is not the work of a day. And besides we have lived long enough to know, that none are so deaf to the voice of duty as the class of men on whose activity and political honesty we made a demand. They have a thousand subterfuges, but I indf:pendene. is, their favorite figment. And « Wr! lat's independenee made of ? First trimming this way, then trimming that, The head of a tail, and the coat of a rat: That's what [their] independence is made of."