The Welshman

HDUSE OF COMMONS-MONDAY, MAY 2. r The Chartist petition, which Mr. T. S. Duncbmbc had given notice to present, signed by 3,317.102 of the working classes, in favour of the live points of the w r-,er. the ^idary was opened, ¡'ou;¡J lying on the nnor 01 -trois[tm.w JO aorsuJcJ.Vq lasairisrnud oq* 01 3Wvn ;ieus o'j 'j^gy ^udtl1 b petition on their sl.o^^ uy a p?n! Iioog, s C It nrinan c* dieEjVctio:) Committee, appeared ntthc?nr,?r<?Tcp t.d to ihe l.ouse r iat Mr. Charles R>i«se'I and Lord Ch??-auert- dnly tleckd fer the borough of Heading. Mr. T. L> tNCOMSE then rose am.d clieers, and pointing to the ( iiartist petition sanl he had ri-eii to preFt-t,,t tilIS pet.tion, which from the importance of its subject. and the large number of signatures which it horc. we ll deser- ved the attention of the house. The lion, member then ptoceeded to state that the petition set lorth that the evils under which the petitioners laboured were attibuia- ble to class legislation. The petitioners also prayed that they might be heard, by their counsel and agents, at the bar of trie house in support of its allegations. The hon. member read to the hnuse an abstract of the petition, snowing the numbers of signatures which had been attacned to the petit ion in the var,ous large towns of Lngland, all ot which he expressed his beiiet were m¿ii jiie signatures. He concluded by moving that the petition be read by the Cletk at the table. 1, I flO SPEAKFR--Plaace !L) i)rl,iu it tip. laughter.) [The officers of the house took nearly a ipiartt-r of ,m Lour to remove tiie petL,(,P, as they were obliged to do it in pieces. ] h. T. Plncombk moved that the petition be printed wi h the votes, with the view of bringing it under the consideration of the Carried. The house then went mto committee on the Income Tax bill. On the clause first for consideration being proposed, Mr. Hi mk complained that the chime gave more inquisitori-d powers than had ever been given by any former ait. He had intended to move an amend- inent, but lie thoug^ nt after the carrvmg ui the former clauses it was useless to do so; he would, therefore, n.etely confine hitnseli to throwing out ti1,2 sti2.gestioli of which his -amendment conveyed thf spirit to the Chan- -eel 1.,r of the Exchequer and the First Lord of the 1 reastiry. AfEci- a few words from the Chancellor of the Ex riiF.Qt F.tt the (lause was c; rried. Mr. Ili MF. suggested that irwould be better for the government itself to name the minor commissioners f)r c-irryuig out the act than to leave these anpointnients to the Land-tax. commissioners; m the former case the jviblic would have some chance of rsponsibijity; in the latter none, as the appointments made by these ofhceil would have a political object. A short conversation arose between the Cha:1c:>1hr of the Exchequer, Mr. Hume, Sir K. Pee-i, aud other hon. roe m hers. Sir R. Peel said that the delay in th-? consideration -of the Tariff was, a* the hoii. member (Mr. Hume) had stated, attended with much evi! but he ull not complain of that dday except u to the wilich had been repeatedly moved before the recess. Mr. Labocchere complained that tiie TariS'bmwas noCyt't;;ni on the table of ili?? tb.,it aiiv -cle;av v:ilch had thereby arisen to the detriment and inconvenience of commerce was traceable to the con- duct of the governmc nt in n )t I-,av.Ing sti. (Hear.) He said it was the du.v of the government to have lai«J on the table the Tai ul hetore entering into discussion oti the details ot the Income Tax, and it. was not fair to accuse members at his (Mr. Labouchere's) side of the bouse with causing delay. L'-en if they had not yet entered into any (t ic ",I -f die details of the Licomc Tax, all the delay up to this moment wm ilearlv trace- able to the government itself. As he was on his leg, he wilJed to know if the Chancellor of the Exchequer could give any information as to the expence of the machi- nery of the Income Tax. The Chancellor of the Exc.'iFQrnt said he could not, at present, state what the expense was likely to be, as they did not yet know what number of persons would be necessary to carry out the operations of the bill. Sir R. Peel had not complained of hon. members on the other side he hoped to be ¡¡b'e ro !)rir.g in the Tariff to-night. Tfte time which had elapsed since the Td iff was first introduced, had been productive of much good, as it had enabled the government to take the opinions of I parties interested therein. "If,WiTT thought the Tariff sho'iK! have been cisrusspd before the fncotre bill; he had been accused of causing obstructions to the consideration of the Income THK-he dti-chnnit-d any such intention. Sir R. Peel, on his part, also disclaimed any intention of charging the hon. member with a desire to interpose unnecessary delay. Kaki.no brought forward an to exemp. the foreign fundholder, holding British stock, but nor residing m Britain, or any portion of the Britishj dominions. This was negatived by a majority of ld3. TUESDAY, May J. M, Leader presented a petition from Westminster, o/hfe" for trl-e trade in all the necessary provisions ^[rL^VVKii?y presented a pftitjon from an inrli vidual who had wintered several confinements as a lunatic in different parts ot England, praying for ail alteration in the law relating to commissions ot-hjr.acy. The Southwark Improvement bdl was read a third time and passed. t Mr. Thomas Dhvcombe rose to call the attention o tile if olist- to the National Petition." He thiuked tiie House for the kmc! and respectful mannerin which the petition uad oeen recei\ed and asked them to j,1crease the obligation by giving a patient hearing lo what he had to urge 0:1 be:¡;.Jf()f tiv petitioners, He quoted precedents • in favour of their pi-ayer to be heard at the bar of the Jiuuse in support of the allegations contained in the peti- tion gave a sketch of the history of radical opinions, which.be considered to be identical with what was called "chartism" in the present day; and declared that, owing to the frustrations of the Reform act, the House was considered to be more profligate and more dj"post'd -to class legislation than even the uureformed House of Commons. Though aware that a large majority of the House would dissent from the allegations of the "natiomd 1 petition. e.tid tiwt him-clf agteein-; in the piuion with ever y nt i mstit it t 3o?igii- t?i. ll:,u s'r.ouM not shut its doors against their statement- -A grievance", and moved that the pcr¡Üanus b? heard by th,'m5ch'c" vr their counsel at the bar of the House. Mr. O'o??Et.Lro?e to second the motion, but gave way to Mr. Leader, who said that, having being request- ed to second the motion, he did so with great pleasure. Dr. Bowrine', Mr. Fielden, Sir John Eauhope. Mr. Roe- buck. Mr. Hume, Mr. Waklev. Mr. Muntz, Mr. Villiers, and Mr. O'Conneli, supported the motion which was opposed hy Sir James Graham, Mr. Macaulay, Lord Frances Egerton, Mr. Hawes, Lord John Russell (wlio expressed in strong ternts his abhorrence of the doctrines broached in the petition), Sir Robert Peel, Mr. Oswald, and Lord Clements. On a division the numbers were — for the motion, 49 against it, -87; Majority, 235.

w .k -I rap in: REVOLUTION, ) CONSEQUENT ON CHARTISM. [Abridged from the 6VW.J j The object" [as is apparent from the petition pre- sented on Monday by Mr. Duncombe,]" is to make the House of Commons again omnipotent to sweep out all other institutions, as it was iiiidt, ht the period of the Com- -or rather as it proclaimed itself to be at tnat period—for no sooner did it stand alone, than the armed force usurped its omnipotence. The regular army might not be in condition to do so at this moment; for, notwith- standing the assertion of the petitioners that it is -a t-,is: and vnco?>st I tut i onal army, upheld at the public expence -p far t!is purpose of repressing public opinion- in the three ("kingdoms," (he fact is that ours is the smallest armed j foiee in the world, proportionally to our empire, and that it does not exert the slightest influence ill repressing anv- tiling but open outrages. Unless, therefore, an organised civil warfare followed the enactment of the Charter," the despotism it would create would not be seized iuime- cliat, Iv by the chiefs 01 an armed force. We could not immediately have a Cromwell, or even an Espartero. What we should have would be something infinitely worse than any single dictatorship. V- e should probably have the dominion of a series ot minor bodies each assum- it-ig to hold some share in the representation of the Sover- eign AU, and claimit g unlimited license for their dictates, as well as implicit obedience to them on the part cf the nominal legislators. legislators, avowedly repre- I senti! g 10thing but numbers, WOl1! f'. ?t every moment, j under we yoke of numbers; anditissupernuou?tosav j that they never would dare to repress opinion' which nu?ht ch'?n?e to shew itself in the shape of bullying them. They would live, move, and have tliel:r it the mercy of numbers—the nearest numbers. We should witness the organisation, not of one Chartist assembly merely, but of a whole undergrowth of clubs and unions of every descriptor., set on foot by all the political aspi- rants who had not yet forced their way upward, to watch, stimulate, or coerce, the body ot nominal representatives. As all idea ot controul of the masses by Parliament must have vanished, its paid members would be litter slaves to I and Briareus-handeu surveiLlancf. and mas- tery of all moments over their conduct; and tlwt uch mas- tery would be most unenlightened, most intemperate and destructive, we cannot doubt. We cannot donbt it, be- cause we find enough to prove it in this very petition. The petitioners say It is the wrst species of legisla- tion which leaves the grievances ot society to be removed only by violence or revolution, both ot which may oe ap- prehended if complaints are unattended to and petitions despised. It is most certain that no revolution would remain to be apprehended, if "the prayer of this petition granted.and its objects obtained, ever *o peaceably. V\ e are not left in doubt what is the root-and-branch work that would be mad e in society. We snould have an abolition of "the existing monopolies of the suffrage,of paper money, of machinery, of land, ot the public press, of religious privileges, of the means of travelling and transit, and a host of other evils too numerous to mention, all arising from class legislation." A revolutionised monetary s y-.tem. a revolutionary division of the land, and Confiscation (apparently) ¡wt merely of church, but railway and coach-property —are amongst the first ideas that occur for the work ot regene- ration. History record,, in the plainest characters, the products of suen a regimen. First would come dissap- pointment, and increased distress, as the jruits ot the first sweeping measures. The instant ruin ot credit and con- fidence, the annihilation of all commerci.il and industrial undertakings, the destruction of all security, ot all pro- perty, fixed or moveable, would render d.stress and destitution almost as universal as the sutlrage. What would fellow ? Imputations on the injured,as authors of the public distress. Exhortations to popular violence to complete what popular ignorance had begun. Denunciations against all those classes, in vvnose hands had previously been, whether as landed or commercial capitalists, the charge of supplying the public consump- tion. It wo-,il,l be their fault, if the measures, which had ruined them, also spread want and famine. N\ ax r and | kamine they would spread, most assuredly, within a twelvemonth of their adoption; and the paid delegates of the masses wOldJ then divert indignation from their own heads by directing it on those on whom they had already i ii ii cted i I. Candidates for the p lid delegation '.vouid meanwhile be active in stimulating to more sweep- ing and energetic proceedings. To have sponged off the I public debt, rtiid confiscated some sorts of private property, would be represented as feeble half measures, which had only produced mischief because they had not gone far enough —not because they were mischievous in them- selves. The new guides would undertake to go more patriotic lengths; —if capitalists, or creditors, murmured —the blame of the evils woul d be thrown on their mar- u"). T ♦" •i •» J. t ;orr> L!l''r measure^ i »u (nwwp -ÚUul -3; A, ■ im mi .••retorc, procHjfe"

i LORD BOWICK c. PEELISM. The cxcelVent speeches of Lord Hnwick on the new Corn-law Bill, aud the fiuanciid measures of government have just been published, ami bis lordship has prefixed to them (lettication to the farmers of the Northern Division of NorthumbeilauJ, from which we take the subjoined passage — Let me a>k, whether the enut has lint proved that I was right in telling you that if your prtsent svstem of what is called protection, itll -reference t, core and other articles, is to be upheld, you must he prepared to suumit to the burthen of increased taxation ? You now know that you are to have new taxes, ana those too of a kind even more grievous than I expected my worst anticipa- tions did not 20 so far as to lead ine to guess that a new government would propose an export duty upon coals (which, if persevered In, w:11 rUlo a t,raJe Very impMtant to our couotv). flud that most oppressive of nil taxes, an In- come Tax. which is also to be levied in a Taanller which will make it fall" ith peculiar severity upon the IIgriclllture of Northumberland. In the two Speeches which I now dedicate to you, I have endeavoured to show, first, that the policy, with reference to the trade in corn, to which we are still to adhere, is not really calculated to promote your interest, or that of any other class in the community- and next, that the Income tax is. in fact, to be imposed for the purpose of maintaining the sliding scale" of duues upon corn, and a system of extravagant protection to particular interests in the articles of sucar, coffee, and timber. Who have been your truest friends those who having taught you to trust to "protection" from foreign competition, are about to give you the new C'nrn- law aurl Tariff, and at the same time saddle you with the Income Tax, and the duty on the ejpurt r:fC0Lis or those who would have saved you from these taxes admitting foreig:i CaNI. at a fire i d ;.v, aa l by applying to our trade generally those principles of commercial freedom upon the soundness of which all the most enlightened philosophers and statesmen of Europe have long been agreed ? "Hovvick."

PETITIONS AGAINST THE TARIFF (From 'lait's .,Ilagazl,ne.) Nothing is more amusing than to read the netitions of we believe, every trade, against citjitr an increase or a decrease of the existing duties. Every trade seems thoroughly resolved to shift the burden from its own shoulders, and put it on its neighbours', and lrave jt t0 get quit of it as it best may. Such is the morality of the present religious age.—^We have the heads of reo firms in the City petitioning against the reduction ot'the duty on cohce, and suggesting a scale ot their own.— A hove half the mining interests of the country" bave adopted a series ot resolutions, condemning the measures proposed bv ministers, with respect to copper, tin, and the ores, and preparations in those metals; with the usual exaggeration^ that such alteration would be a total destruction of the property invested in mines; not for- getting the injuries sustained by parties supplying the iron, tinnier, ropes, powder, and tallow candles.—The glove trade IS "lso up in arms-, as welt as the boot and e.ioemakers and, to quiet the alarms of the.-e perrons, it is proposed, by the revised tariff, to increase the duty about a third.—The cork-cutter?, however, have not been so furtlmate; for instead of being; prohibitory, as hereto- tore, the duty is to be reduced one shilling or two a hundredweight; by which it is gravely pretended "by persons having authority," and engaged in the trade, that •ji),000 men will be thrown out of employment; a greatei number than, in all probability, there are employed in t, te trade in Europe. But the most extraordinary part of tlle tariff is the reduction of the timber duties, by which eC)00,000 of the revenue is given up. apparently for no purpose, wuatever. The agricultural interest has, as usua. been opposing any change by which they anticipate i ,„i u.e ,oou oi me people w ll be lowered in priee. The farmers in the north of Scotland are objecting to the rcmova ot the present prohibition oil the importation of e; s"eeP> etc.; those of the midland counties of Great | I;i-it;tlD are exclaiming against the new corn bill, and the j increase on the duties of rape and oil-cake: and the | southern counties ot England, against the reduction of the dury on clo ver-seed trom £1 to lOs. a hundred weight. The proposed duties on cattle and meat have evi, ieiitly been constructed witlioit ally principle at all, and with a v w ot enabling the landed interest to amend them I according to their own fancy. What propoition is there between clai-g Ing tl of duty on a full-grown ox of forty stone, tor exam?e. and K)s. on a C{)|f which is prob"hly not worth that ?m? Suppose, again, an ox of the above weight brought in the shape of salted meat the duty would be .5t; so that by bringing it in a live state, a saving of CI On. would be made. It is evident that so ricketty a scale will not stand the assault of the house of land.ords. It is t'ue more unnecessary to resort to rtny sueh at-bitr;iry duties, as there is a mode of measuring live cattle, sheep, &e., by which their weight within a few pounds can be ascertained. With regard to the duty on rape and oil-cake, we cannot but think that the rising of the duty would be no great harm; for the beef of oxen fed principally on this food. however rich and oily, is of very inferior quality to that fed on the ordinary food, such as grass and turnips. Whenever any alteration is pro- posed in the laws regarding the iinportatt ii of agricul- tural produce, the farmers get out with a h tv), that if it be carried through, they will be unable to pa\ their rents, as it the public had ever agreed toguarar.te their engage- ments to their landlords. Had duties been in- creased, we do not suppose that they wo i i e selling their produce at ten or twenty per cent. unde. toe market price, for the benefit of the public. Why, therefon if they are to run all the chance of gain by the dJaage of the j law, are they to run no risk of loss.

COIIRL-PTIoN OF I'llk OF COM- MON i —MISERY OF THK MASSES. I I Subjoined is the substance of Lord John Russell's anJ SIr R. Peel's speeches as wdl a that (If Mr. Dun- combe's, made last Tuesday, upon the motion that thr "natton?)) pcnunn" he now taken into consideration, and the petitioners heard at the bar of this house, by them- sel ves, their counsd or agents, in support of the allegations of that petition. CHARTISM.—THE "NATIONAL PETITION." I Mr. Duncombe said Hon. members might object that there were no precedents which would justify them in acceding to the wishes of the petitioners to be heard at the bar of the house. But in the year 1781, when a peti- tion was presented against the duties on the importation of cotton studs, the prayer of the petitioners to be heard by their agents at the bar of tiie house was acceded to a committee of the whole house was appointed, and the petitioners heard at the bar accordingly. The same thing oceurri d in 1789, on the presentation by Mr. Wil- rwrforce of a petition against the slave trade, though in the following year the petition on this subject was refer- red to a committee up stairs. In 1812, Lord Stanley, having- presented petitions against the Orders in ("Duricil, moved titat the petitioners be heard at the bar of the house. The motion was agreed to, Mr. llaring and Lord Castlereagh approving of it, the latter noble personage ayillg--aud to this he (Mr. Duncombe) wished to call their attention—that he (Lord Castlereagh) did not imply by his vote an admission of the merits of the question, but that he thought it would be a concession to the wishes of the country that an inquiry should be gone into. The committee on the Orders in Council was accordingly or- dered to sit de die in diem. Going back for a period of sixty years, they would find, that in the year 1777, the re- form question was mooted, the persons who did so, sty)- ing themselves Radical Reformers, and Major Cartwright suggested the six points of what was now called the Char- ter. In 178D, the Westminster Reform committee agreed on these six points. The society for constitutional infor- mation, whose president was the Duke of Richmond, and which numbered the Earl of Derby, and others Peers, besides 11 members of the House of Commons, and Ki.i most respectable persons amongst its members, adopted the six points of the Charter. The coalition that took place between Mr. Fox and Lord North destroyed the confidence of the people, and the proceedings on the question of Parliamentary Reform were suspended until 1792, when the subject was taken up again, and the Cor- responding Society formed, at the head of which was the present Lord Grew After two delegates sent by the society in Scotland had been transported, and four of its members tried, but acquitted, in London, the society was, in 1793, put down by the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, as it had become too Incon- venient for the corrupt government, and still more cor- rupt House of Commons of that day; Lord Grey de- claring that though he did not go the whole length of tit, so who called for universal suffrage, he would vote for it rather than that no reform at ill should take place. Alter the lapse of 19 years the subject was again agitated, 'ami endeavours iiiade to obtain Parliamentary Itel'oriii, b,it tljo Habeas Corpus was again suspended", and they were put down. In 1810, the question was renewed, and he need not remind them of the Man- chester massacre. At length in 1829, one step was taken towards reform by the Catholic Emancipation Act. This was done certainly at the expense of the 40s. freeholders of Ireland, but still it paved the way for a reform, as the constitution of the house was changed by it. In IS;)0, the Tory government went out, in con- sequence of the declaration ot the Duke of Wellington against all reform, which made the ministry and the Sovereign so unpopular that the latter was prevented from taking advantage of the proffered hospitality of the City authorities, 'I'liere w is no occasion for him to recal to their memory the disgraceful scenes of riot which at that time took place in Kent and elsewhere. Tlij Whigs came in and introduced the Reform bill, and be believed the intentions of those who brought that measure forward were perfectly honest and sincere. They intended, to tlie best ot his belief, to improve the representative system of the country; and the people believed that sucli improvement would take place. Thc-nce the excitement and the enthusiasm which had been felt all over the countr y in favour of the Reform bill. But in that anticipation, he was sorry to say, they had been gieatly disappointed. At the very Iirst elec- tion that ensued after the bill became law, they found every possible obstacle thrown in the way of their ob- taining the franchise and ever since they had found the greatest difficulties in registration., owing to the advice of the right lion, baronet oppos-tcto the Conservative party, to make the contest in the Registration Courts. The result of all these things was that the people now believe the present House of Commons to be more corrupt, more dishonest, and more wicked than the old house, prior to the passing of the Reform Bill; and that the bribery, I the intimidation, and the corruption of the last elec- ticti ivits oil ] ), kio,,vii in i t tion was only known in its fullest extent to members of the house itself. They we e now in 1812; and the Reform Bill had been so 1 mg in operation yet to the best of his belief, the great majority of members of the reformed House of Commons knew little or nothing of the actual state of the country—of the true position of the question of parliamentary reform as it existed among the masses, or of the drcad,ul distress of the people. The petition which he (Mr. Duncombe) had presented the preceding night had been in the course of signature for the last tour or five months, and those persons interest- ed in its subject matter had formed all through the country what were called National Associations," for the promotion of their constitutional rights. There were about GOO of those associations in different parts ot Engluoil and Sc.aland, and about 100,000 adults of the industrious classes, who composed a portion of I those membeis, laid aside one penny weekly out of their wages, whether they were great or whether they were siiiall, for the purpose of obtaining them. Of thf>«--> 5tf.000 and 69,000 had t i,k -u .00 "J .0 'Ao. \.V apart one penny a week each of the sum to procure j direct representation for tTiWwafits and wishes; and also never to relax in their peaceful and constitutional efrort until their voice should be heard within the waHs of that house. Hon. getnlemen might flatter themselves with the bJief that this was all idle boast- ] tug; but they grossly deceived themselves. Never were any people more determined, and in virtue of that de- termination, he (Mr. Duncombe) was satisfied that nothing would long prevent the accomplishment of their desire. The present distressed state of the country augmented, naturally enough, the cry of the people fur direct representation. 'I hey were of opinion that the existing constitution of the House of Commons was un- favourable to tliem, for, notwithstanding their miser* they looked in vain to it foi relief. There had b en no- thing ottered to them t) appc t.se their distress, even in the Queen's speech, btr mere words—nothing had been done tor their distress but to talk about it. He (.Mr. Dun- com be) had made inquiries of various persons as to the distressed condition of the country, and thought it had been pictured previously as most frightful, he could assure the house that it was not at all exaggerated. At the last meeting of the Convention in London, the committee denounced all physical force and violence. He asked, therefore, oil behalf o, these individuals, that the house would give them hearing. Only six individuals would wish to be examined, and such exa- mination would not occupy two days; but if it occu- pied ten, those ten days would be well spent, consider- ing the present state ot the country. He had papers be- fore him which proved that Parliamentary reform, or Radical reform, or Chartism—whatever they like to call-was steadily advancing. If they grant the prayer ot the petitioners, they would acquire that of which tiny were very much in want — the res- ¡wet, the tffectioii, and the grititti(le of the COLintry. Loi-d d J| Ll -j.s.ll aid it is my opinion that property intelligence, and knowledge should form the qualification or a constituency, and though I cannot undertake to say that the present IS the very best which could be had, I fee in it a greater security for the continuance and pre- servation of our institutions and the peaceful progress of freedom an a resort at onco to the principal of universal I stmrage.. ,m aware that it is a doctrine frequently urgcu, and perceive dwelt upon in this petition, that every male ot a certain age has a r:ght, absolute and inalienable, to elect a representative to take his place among the memoersm the Commons House of Parliament. Now, Sir, I Driver could understand that indefeasible and inalienable right (hear). It appears to me that that question, like every other in the practical application of politics, is to be settled by the institutions and the laws ot tli, of wl;ich the person is a native*. ] see no more right that a person 21 years of age has to elect a 1 member of I arliament than lie li,-is to be a juryman. I conceive that you may just as well say that every adult male has a right to sit upon a jury to decide the most complicated and difhetnt questions of property, or that every man has a right to exercise the judicial functions, a. the people did In some of the republics of antiquity (hear, hear). I hese tiling-, as it appears to me, are not matters of right; but if it be for the good of the people at large, if it be conducive to the right government of the state, it it tend to the maintenance ot" the freedom and welfare of the people, that a certain number, defined and limited by a reference to a fixed standard of property, should have the right of electing members of parliament, and if it be disadvantageous to the community at large that the right of suffrage should be universal, then I say that on such a subject the consideration of the public good should prevail, that legislation must act upon it as on every other, and that no inalienable right can be quoted against that which the good of the whole demantls (hear, hear). I think it is very likely that at many elections, even if universal suffrage were in operation, you would find that respect for property, respect for old habits, and general regard for the constitution of the country, would produce results, not very different from those which are produced when property is one of the qualifications required for the franchise. Hut although tnat might he generally the case, I do not think that in the present state of popular education- I will not say whether a standard of education sufficiently high can ever be obtained among the labouring classes-hut in the present condition of the people at large, I do not think you could be sure that there might not be, ill a state of popular ferment on the occasion of some general election, members returned to this hÙLbe whose votes would be favourable to the destruction of our institutions, and would shake the security of property (hear, hear). Sir, this constitution is, J think, too precious (cheers), and the arrangements of society are at the same time too intricate, te allow you to put them to such a hazard (cheers). I can well believe that in the United States of America— the only country which I should at all compare with this for the enjoyment of liberty and the full fruits of civiliza- tion-I cannot well believe that in that country, where there is no monarchy, where every office is elective, where there is no Established Church, where there are no great masses of property tini versal suffrage may be exercised without injury to order, and without danger to the general security of society. But in this country, where there are so many institutions, which, while I believe them to be of the utmost value in holding society together, are at the same time Lhe posses- sors of great property- I speak of such institutions as the aristocracy and the Church—and which might therefore be hell out as prizes to a people in distress, I do not tiimk it would be safe at one moment to destroy the existing system of representation, and to establish universal wtfrage in its place (hear, hear), Acting upon tht-se opinons. Sir, cannot consent that the petitioners be heard at the bar, and I will not endeavour to hide my vote by ;my pretence that I wish merely to hear all expla- nation of their demands (hear, hear). I believe it will bt far better for the people, better for their future w< lfare, if you do not mean to grant the prayer of these petitioners that you should at once declare to them your belief that your compliim^e with the prayer uf the petition will tend to shake propert-y w ill tend to ilit, piivations of which they co:n;¡L,in-wiU unhinge that constitution of society which, complicated and intricate as-it i, has produced so lI1:my blessings to this country, that to yoa is intrusted the great, the responsible, the arduous duty of legislating in behalf of this kingdom, and that in discharge of this common duty you are cbliged to put a negative on the demand of the petitioners (cheers). Sir It. I'FEI[,: the petition tells me that it is wrong to maintain an Established Charch-it says of money are annually abstracted from the people for the purpose of maintaining the Church. The tell., me that the people of Ireland are entitled to the repeal of the union. The petition draws a most invidious comparison between the expenses of the Sovereign and those of a labourer. I say the petition is altogether an impeachment of the constitution of this country, and of the -whole frame of society. If I had a doubt, which I have not, upon this subject, strange as it should seem, the speech of the honourable and learned member for Bath would have convinced me that the greatest absurdity ever committed would be to enter into an inquiry with respect to the allegations in this petition—a petition which does not represent the senti- ments of those wdio signed it—a petition that is utterly at variance with the judgment and good senseof the 3,000,000 of petitioners, but which has been imposed upon them by a cowardly demagogue (loud cheers) whom the lion. gentleman knows,and who-e personal knowledge ot his character erititfes him to speak of him with disres- pect and contempt. I believe that universal suf- frage will be incompatible with the maintenance of the mixed monarchy under which we live I believe that mixed monarchy is important in respect to the end which is to be achieved rather than in res- pect to the means by which it is gained—that end I understand to be the promotion of the happiness of tne people; but in a country circumstanced like this, I.wlll not consent to substitute mere democracy for that mixed form of government under which we live, and which, imperfect as it may be, has secured for us, during 150 years, more of practical happiness and of true liberty tli-iti has been enjoyed in any other country that ever existed, not excepting the United States of America, not excepting any other country whatever (cheers).. We may be suffering severe privation. I deeply regret it, I sym- pathise with the sufferers, I admire their fortitude, I re- spect their patience, but I will not consent to make these momentous changes in the constitution, with the certainty that I shall afford no relief to the present privation and suffering, with the certainty only that I shall incur the risk of destroying that constitution, which, I believe, if yoa will permit it to remain untouched, will secure to your descendants as it has secured to you and your all- cestors, those blessings which you will never find in any rash or precipitate changes, however plausible in specula- tion they may appear to be (lolld and continued clieers.)

COMMUTATION OF TITHES. An Account of the amount of Rent-charges, under all Agreements and Awards for the Commutation ot Tithes, in the several Counties of Wales, which have been con- firmed by the Tithe Commissioners, up to the 1st January, 18-12 (Extracted from Returns presented to Parliament bv the Tithe Commissioners) R EN'T-C !,I A RG ES. Voluntary Under Compul- Ayreements. surg Aicards. COUNTIES. WALES. Anglesea 8,132 7 0 1,029 0 0 Brecon. 12,1)65 5 4 991 0 0 Cardigan 9.017 6 4 •• 1,271? 0 0 Carmarthen 18,848 15 9 3,106 13 6 Carnarvon. 10,326 10 3.J 0 0 0 Denbigh 19,978 19 7 1,379 0 0 Flint. 17.938 3 Hi 9 0S Glamorgan 10,377 16 8 •• 7,149 6 10 Merioneth 6,1; 16 5 (j 986 4 0 ;.Iontf"omery 17,820 15 •• 1,300 0 0 Pembroke 16,081 14 0 3,186 14 9 Radnor 7,448 9 U •• 2,467 17 0

CORN IMPORTATION BILL. I As the new law will immediately come into operation it may be useful to reprint the scale of duties, as regards wheat, now sanctioned by parliament, contrasting i L with that which has prevailed for the last 14 years, but now virtually abrogated. New scale of duties. Vid scale. ,e S. JL8. d. Wheat under 51s, per quarter 1 0 0 1 16 8 I Is. awl under 52s 0 19 0 1 15 8 5 55s 0 It) 0. 112 8 55s {)(33o 0 17 0. 11 8 5(j 57s 0 16 0 1 10 8 57s 58s 0 15 0 1 9 8. 58s 59s 0 I 8 8 ,59s Ms 0 13 0 1 7 8 60s 61s 0 12 0. 1 6 8 61s 62s 0 11 0 5 8 62s 63s 0 ¡I) 0" 1 4 8 63s. 64s 0 9 0 • • 1 3 8 6 is 65s 0 S 01 2 8 0 7 O. 1 1 8 66s 69s 0 6 0. 0 16 8 69s 70s 0 5 0 0 13 8 70a 71s 0 4 0. 0 10 8 1 1- 72s.0 3 0 0 6 8 72s. 73s. 0 2 0 0 2 8 73s. and upwards 0 1 0. 0 1 0 —earn*ninuwqum t iiurr

THE CRUEL MURDER OF OLD FATHER PROUT, BY A BARBER'S APPRENTICE. C1 „ t f: --h ?,qozieO and weIll s'????aar'd?J.?';?.??? Sheppard," V''hereauwese&isbutchcrie,ofvu?arfoiks—and Grammar, With deep impressions left behind—of a crow-bar and sledge- hammer: But when each eye hath read our tale, each ear hath heard our dirge, a man Must be indeed hard hearted not to weep for an old clergyman, Who met in town a flashy lad from Manchester called Billy, To whom he taught his alphabet,-for he was raw and silly, Till finding him too loath to learn, nor never compos mentis. The old man thought him fittest for a hair-dresser's apprentice; So he bound him to a barber; but, impatient of all cen- surcs, He bolted thro' the window soon,—lie broke thus his indentures; Then set a shop up for himself out on the road to Harrow, Where nna))y be harrowed up our soul, and froze our marrow, I By doing of a bloody deed, whereby, he, par ma barbe, is, In a preti-y way to be declared a winner of the Darbies

COURT AND ARISTOCRACY. 1 The Lord Chamberlain^ jler Majesty's command, issued cards oil Saturday for a ball on Thursday, the 12th inst., at Buckingham 1 alace. The card", state that those who have the honour to receive invitations, are to appear in "costume or full court dress." His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury gave his second public dinner this season on Saturday evening at Lambeth Palace, when covers were laid for eighty-seven. The Duke and Oneness of Bucdeuch gavea grand entertainment last Thursday, at Montague House, to their Royal Highnesses the 'Duke and Duchess of Cam- bridge, and Princess Augusta and Prince George of Cam- bridge, and the Duchess of Gloucester. Sir R. Peel, Bart., has caused invitations to be issued for a state banquet on the 19th inst., in honour of her Majesty's birth-day, to which the Duke of Wellington, Duke of Northumberland, Duke of Beaufort, Duke of Buckingham, Marquis of Salisbury, and above forty other distinguished noblemen, are invited

Tax o\ Income without INCONIF,See what these men would have done. See the pitch to which they would have carried their injustice. Mr. B. Wood re- marked, that he found no provision in the Income Tax Bill cnahling a persll to deduct the less sustained in repect of an occupation from the gain derived from a source of income tailing tinder another schedule, as, for example, if a man derived a thousand a year from landed property, and lost a thousand a year by trade, he would be taxed for the thousand a year returned in Schedule A, though, in fact, he would not have a farthing of income. The Bill is so framed as to do everything in addition, but nothing in s.Libstractioti.-Lond,,n pal)c)-. CIIARTis-.i.-Tite Times says, it is curious to see how those who have taught the Chartists their principles, will manage to escape their conclusions. If, as the Times says, they have learned those principles from Locke and BLIck. stone, then Oxford and Cambridge have taught them their principles, as they long professed to teach the same principles to their own alumni. 13", as every thing, it is said, is received ad rnodulrt recipient is, it is possible that Chartist principles have worked morc mildly in Cantabs and Oxonians than they could reasonably be expected to do ill Idhollrers ao,1 mechanics. However that may be, it is certain that if those principles are fairly deduced from the doctrines of Locke and Blackstone, the Univer- sities and the sages of the law, and not the Whigs in par- tlcnbr, are the parties bound to furnish the antidote.— (¡td)". tatal Thonder Storm.—Monday a terrific storm of thunder and lightning broke over the towns of Ban- well, Worle, Wrmgton, and places adjacent. The con- tinuous flashes of the forked lightning were ilwflll, and we regret to say, not unattended with fatal conscquences. Between one and two o'clock, a young man named Wil- liams, and two horses engaged in ploughing on the farm of Mr. Young, at Banwell Moor, were struck with light- ning, and instantly killed. Poor Williams, on the day of his death, had just completed his 20th year. The ofhis de,itli li- d ?""t lies in pieces, an d even his shoes lightning rent his clothes in pieces, and even his shoes upon his feet. Scattered portions of his clothes were found ten or twelve yards from the spot.—Bristol Gazette. Tritx-ouT OF Cotton Spinnf.hs.- In the midst of the distress in the manufacturing districts, many of the operative cotton-spinners in ftill work have turned out for wages. The hands of Mr. King, an extensive cotton- spinner at Rochdale, have all ceased work, and fears are entertained that the operatives in other mills will follow their example. The turn out IS caused by masters having begun to reduce wages. "Cùachec, vy do'nt you hit thiit ere 0'; 011 the raw?" Yy. C03 he aint got no raw." Then vy dO'I,t you esta- blish a raw, coachee?" In the case of the Anglesey "owners and occupiers of laud," a "raw" it seems has been established by their friend, Sir Robert Pee). On Sunday afternoon, as a fine little boy, about seven years of age, named Alfred Winkworth, was playing with some other children near Victoria-place, Bayswater, he accidentally slipped into a deep weH, the lid of which had been incautiously left open, and when extricated therefrom he was found to be dead. I wo I h ir vr y Souls—A witness on his cross-exa- mination at the Quarter Sessions, on Wednesday, swore he took forty tumblers of punch the night before; and that a boon companion bolted no less than sixty! Stire a pair were never seen so justly formed to meet" alter dinner !—Tippcrary paper,

I TRIAL OF COOD. i The tii-,1 of Good, for the nrirder of J-ui3 Jones will 1 t ike place at the coming session. ot the Central Criminal Court, which begni on Monday week. It is thought the day lixed for the trial will h either Thursday or Friday. JUDGES' CIncuITs.Thc Judges decided on Thursday to take Shropshire, Herefordshire, and Monmouthshire from the Oxford Circuit, and attach theni to one of the Welsh Circuits. Might not Right.—Mr. Roebuck, (observes the Globe) in moving that a rate of three-pence halfpenny in the pound should be levied on those incomes derived from trade and industry,instead of seven-pence as pro- posed by the government, clearly showed that there is a calculable difference of value between professional and permanent incomes and although it is perfectly true that there are various Oe?-?reL?s of permanence in the tatter, winch it might be difficult, or impossible, to allow for in assessing an Income Tax, yet those degrees are not so great, or so marked, as the difference between any professional income, and even a life interest in fixed pro- perty. _We consider it a perfectly sound principle to discriminate between that portion of income derived from trades or professions, and that portion which the same persons may have realised and invested. The latter would be, of course, liable to the full tax, while the former would not. It it is impossible to draw any dis- tiiictioii between such cases, then the whole measure must De condemned as unsusceptible of any approach to justice. However, we must frankly acknowledge that we do not believe the commercial body feel much interest in the amount of per-centage which may be charged on them. 1 axation on their average profits of the lust three years will let them off easy. Professional men of less variable incomes will feel more agrieved; and these are a class in this country whose discontent should not lightly be provoked. But those who will be most pinched will be the men of the smaller incomes whom the tax reaches. Take sucha case as that which Sir Robert Inglis stated last Friday evening: — "There were those who had to mainain the character of a gentleman with no other income than £ 155 a year. One of his corres- pondents, who had that income, stated that he was sixty- three years of age, and had thirteen children, five of whom were dependent upon him, as was also an aged relative, and to such a person any deduction from j £ 155 a year woull be of the greatest moment. The Patriot-an odd name for a paper devoted to nothing secular, but which is made up principally of re- ports of Missionary and various religious meetings— complains that the daily press do not fill their columns with the speeches-made at Exeter Hall. "The Post bf Friday (exclaims the Patriot) notices the A nnual Ieet: ng of the Baptist Missionary Society in a paragraph of thirty-four lines, containing almost as many blunders as sentences, and concluding thus: "The report having been adopted, the meeting separated." The Chronicle comes a day later with its notice of the meeting, cut down to four lines! One might have thought that the name of William Knibb would have commanded some attention from our Liberal Contemporary. It is quite plain that the London daily press regulate their supply of matter by the public demand. But even if the kind of speech- reading patronized by the Patriot's subscribers were relished by any large portion of the Public, to satiify the love of long reports it would be necessary to sacrifice the miscellaneous character essential to a newspaper. The Benefit OF THE Act.—The Mor:iing Advertiser appears to be very usefully and ably endeavouring to open the eyes of the public to the law's oppression of the poor and destitute. Here is a true statement of the Insolvent Debtor's s ituation. "If a man, alter having been stripped of his property, deprived of his business or employment, and thrown into prison, can l ise from jC12 to el5 for a lawyer, after having paid his prison fees, of from 22s. to 28s., he may get his petition and schedule filed in the Court; and if he be further fortunate enough to have two friends, who will come forward as his bonds- men, and can swear that they arc each worth more than double the amount of the insolvent's debts, and submit to the badgering and bullying of the Commissioners and Counsel, the imprisonment may be terminated, probably, in a fortnight or three weeks. If he be not hailed,he must remain incarcerated for eight or ten weeks, even if there be no adjournment of the Court. Then comes the hearing—the opposition—the bullying from the Bar, and the scowling and contumely from the Bench;andif For- tune be more favorable to Poverty than the law is, the insolvent obtains his discharge, and may, if he can work miracles, wipe .tr the odium and beat down the difficul- ties resuliing from his imprisonment, and again lift up his head amongst freemen," THE Baxkiiupt Law.—Though we find much to commend in the Bill for the amendment of the Bankrupt Law, which has been brought fotward by the Lord Chan- cellor, we must yet confess that we are disappointed. The parade of an announcement in her Majesty's speech from the Throne would alone have raised an expectation that a measure so introduced would be of some magni- tude. We supposed also that no inconsiderable spirit of emulation would be excited. There was a double rivalry Lord Lyndhurst had to prove his superiority to his pre- decessois, Lord Brougham and Lord Cottenhan. The one had been the founder of a system which, after ten years' trial, had so far succeeded that his leading oppo- nent is compelled to follow out his principle; the other had introduced a measure, based on the report of a special commission, for making yet wider changes in the law of4 debtor and creditor in all cases of insolvency. One portion of Lord Brougham's plan, the Court of Review, had failed, as all his enemies and many of his friends anticipated that it would do; it was already virtually dissolved, and only awaited legislative, as it had re- ceived judicial condemnation. Another portion of the plan, the substitution of single and fixed Commissioners, or Judges, for occasional boards, had succeeded beyond calculation. A memorial, signed by about three hundred merchants, bankers, and traders of the City of London, lirvrp testimony to the fact, and anticipated yet greater ",w;.ëH.no' ? j system ot official assignees, of t, success of whicn ^fiere was the grcatest doubt, and against which there was a strong feeling of jealous hostility, had been proved bene- ficial; two millions of arrears, recovered under London bankruptcies alone, proved its efficacy.— London paper. Baptists.—At the last annual meeting of the Baptist Missionary Society in Finsbury the following resolutions were adopted-" Thelt the peculiar aspect of the times renders necessary a special effusion of the Holv Spirit, and that the churches be earnestly recommended to seek such eifusion by fervent, muted ctud persverin^ prayer." Tliitt, considering the ignorance which obtains in many parts of the country, the efforts which are beinu made on behalf of various modifications of popery and infidelity, tne importance of increased efforts for foreign missions, and the growing disposition to emigrate,thist meeting is convinced of the necessity of more vigorous efforts in spreading the gospel of Christ through the breadth and length of the land." THE WRATIIER IN Lo.Ni Dos.rly yesterday morn- ing the long prevaiitt? easterty wind changed to about N. W.,and about three o'cloc k in the afternoon it vered I to W. S. ?., at which point of the compass it remained last evening at 7o clock.^ Shortly before six o'clock there was a smart shower ot rain, and horticulturists and others expressed regret that it was not of longer duration. At short intervals, however, there was drizzling rain through- out the remainder of the evening. The change in the wind will enable the large homeward bound fleet of ves- sels so long detained about the chops of the Channel to reach their respective destinations, and several coasting vessels that were long overdue, some of them three weeks, arrived in the Thames last evening. Upwards of 200 sail may be expected to arrive in the course of to-morrow, several of them from the East Indies, with very valuable cargoes of silk, indigoes, teas, &c. Yesterday morning the temperature was much lower than usual; the ther- mometer at noon, in front of the superintendent's office, in the London Docks, stood at 52, or 8 degrees lower tnan oil several days previous. When the wind changed to W. S. W., the thermometer rapidly rose to 56, nd la st evening was close and sultry, with scarcely any wind. Stoppage OF Iron Woitis.-NVe regret to learn that a large number of forges in this neighbourhood have ceased work, whrnby a great number of hands are thrown suddenly out of employment. We are informed that lack of orders, even at uriremunerating prices, has coinpel'ed many of the masters to stop their mills and discharge their men, and that it is very uncertain when they wiJl .1 recommence. Ainuii- tilo extensive forges closed are those of E. and (i. Thorneycroft (Wednesbury), Russell, Brothers, George Jellicoe, and G. H.Thorneycroft (Shrubbery Iron Works). Several other extensive works are dnily expeced to cease operations; indeed, we believ e there is not a single forge-owner who does not contem- plate the necessity of stopping. The most flourishing of them freely admit that if they could ensure the return of their customers and workmen when it suited them to re- commence, they would forthwith discontinue their works. -Staj1ords/tire Examiner. IMPORTATIONS OF CHFFSE.-The "Cheshire Cheese" Conservatives have prevailed upon the Premier to leave untouched the "protection" enjoyed by English cheese and butter: and not satisfied with this exemption from Tariff Reform, the Chester Courrint boasts that they have also obtained an assurance from the Colonial Secretary, "that all American cheese, in its transit through Canada, or any of the British North American possessions, shall be bran- ded or marked on passing the border, so that the intro- duction of it into any port of Great Britain or Ireland will not be allowed without payment of the present duty on foreign produce." It is only of late years (adds our con- temporary) that the Americans have commenced this traffic with Great Biitain and as friends to agriculture, and the agriculturists themselves, we owe, not only praise, but sincere thanks to Sir P. Egerton, and to the other Mem- bers of or county, for having so promptly and so sue- cessfuJly given their attention to the subject." Fkver.. The scarlet fever is raging to a great extent in Sussex. a' ^lanbadock, Monmouthshire, there is a brood of .i. tle cllicl<ells ;ibout a m(,iitti old. The parent hen died on the evening- ot the same day on which she hatched her brood. A little boy, the son of the cottager, took care of them and fed them. Not one ot them have died, but all appear healthy and thriving. It is curious to see the little things following the boy from place to place, and obeying his call. Last Monday night a sad accident occurred at the Opera House, by the tailing of some scenery on two scene-shifters named Daniel Blown and Chas. Honnett; the former is between GO and 70 years of age, and has beEn upwards of ?O years in the service. Both sufferers were immediately conveyed to Charing-cross Hospital, where they lie without hopes of recovery. THE Weatiikr IN WALES.—The past wetk has been uncommonly cold- a sharpish North Easter, with no rain "to speak of" but lots of dust and no sunshine, are terms descriptive of the sort of weather we have been visited" by. We are writing by the fire-side in the month of May. All through April, the month of showers, we had not a drop of ra in_,NIEIY_flowers are nevertheless seen full of fra- grance and" all a-growing." The farmers here want rain-and indeed erertj thing Lhe, for they are generally in a condition so deplorable, that neither the Tories' Tariff, nor any Conscl-vati.?e screw whatever can touch them cr reu. der them worse off. Dissatisfaction OF the Aoiucultuiusts.—New- port as weil as AIIIdesey has recorded its dissatisfaction with the Tariff. Oil Saturday week, a numerous and hignlv nspcctablc mceting of agriculturists was held at the Bridge Inn, for the purpose of taking into consi 'era- Sir H. Peel's tariff, Mr. H. ¡\1. Partridge moved, and Morgan Williams, of I'enycoed seconded, that a petition be adopted by the meeting, which was carriedj unanimously. Dusr.NTERS.—The Xonconfonnijf, a papc-r whose motto is The dissidence of dissent and the protestantism of the protestant religion," in the course of some powerful writing deprecatory of lukewarmness, observes "It may seem ill-natured tn remark of the present race of dissent- ers, that they are unworthy of the principles they hold. Indeed, pertinacious truth-tellers have ever been reputed as of a cynical turn of mind and no truth tellers are so j likely to offend as those who question the character or conduct of their own party. Truth must be told never- theless. "# What is the great body of dissenters ? Chapel goers, and no more. They attend the ministry of a dissent- ing pastor—they help to support this or that interest-they are useful in the little, narrow, local sphere in which they may chance to move; and this constitutes the sum total of their dissent. The vast majority of them know as little of their own principles as they do of Greek. How should they know more ? To teach them is stigmatised j! as politicai-to insist upon them, as bigoted—to act them o Li t, a,, v i o I e n t-- t o r f,) r them, as insane. The truth is, dissenting principles and paltry sectarian interests have been too much identined; and until this fundamen- tal mistake is rectified, a state church may well sneer at every effort made by dissenters for her overthrow. If, indeed, those principles are hedged about by time and space, if there be nothing in them of universality, if they are not part and parcel of Christianity, then let them perish! Why should the world be kept in (I constant pother to induce men to worship God in a meeting- house rather than a church ? Utlt if, 0:1 the contrary, they grow out of revealing truth, are inseparable from ît; necessary to an enlightened understanding of it, and essentially connected with its success, why then, they must be elevated to a station of corresponding prominence and dignity, and be treated as part of God's truth, which it is honourable to profess, sate to teach, important to know, rational to love, and base to conceal. Upon this high g. ound of religious duty dissenters must learn, first of all, to take their stand. Till this be done, nothing is done to any valuable purpose. London Literary Men.—A gentleman, who may be in search of fresh air and a fresh subject too, will find both in South Wales. A t the saine ti iiie lie may cut tivate, perhaps a closer acquaintance, than the metropolis may have permitted him to make, with Health and" Strcnryth her venturous brother" while opening up a field which it is believed would be neither unpopular nor unproductive. Wales is unbroken ground for what tourists and book- makers have patched together of course cannot be of any account— their trading twaddle IS unworthy of notice. But little is known amongst the English of the inhabitants of the principality; and though the ancient Britons" and the modern Britons are next door neighbours, there is much misconception prevalent amongst the English regarding the character of the Welsh. Welsh ale, Welsh mutton and Welshmen are alike 11 fiction so far as the English iiotioii of their. is concerned. Those good, easy persons who presume that the Welsh are a primitive people, and thereupon proceed to build up in their imaginations a structure of primitiveness according to the model of the pastoral poets or even from English I village simplicity, will find that they were wofully at fault, and that the country is not exactly peopled with Mild Arcadians, ever blooming, I Nightly nodding o'er their lfocks." The scenery of the country, as everybody knows is beautiful, and wants wood only to be equal to any in the world. The hoary mountain-heights must cheer, The sunny vale look gay! Carmarthen itself, which by some is considered the Capital ot South Wales, presents a picture of society richjy snp-gestiveot reflections, vvnile the whole country is one wide field wnere couti tbutions to the philosophy of mind, or lighter materials, at the discretion of the observer, mHY be piekcd up at every step. Curious Coincidences^—Several of our brethren of the broad-sheet in the principality have the s ingular gift of reproducing our original matter, word for word, within a week of its appearance in our paper; and as the name of our paper does not appear in connection with it, we are obliged to suppose that the coincidence arises from some mesmeric s) mpathy between their minds and our own, which leads us to give birth to the same thoughts in the same words. Some of them carry this sympathy to a wholesale extent. Mr. Bowring has placed upon the hooks of the House of Commons a iiotice, 'hat it is his intention, when the House is in Committee on the Tariff, to move that the duty on foreign spirits he reduced to 1 -5s. per gallon on foreign wines to 2s. (id. per gallon and on foreign manu- factured siik goods to ad valorem duty of 20 per cent.

TO CORRESPONDENTS. ¡ Our courteous readers and still more courteous corres- pondents know, because we have often told them so, that we have seldom time and space for a separate or indeed for any written notice at all of the letters that come in crowds every week as claimants upon our at- tention. We al ways appreciate and attend to our correspondents' favours, though we may not answer them. But to-day we have a little leisure and will reply to every favour teceived this week. The part of our paper in which the notice relative to a Relieving Oflker for the Pembroke Union is inserted, was mads up before the receipt of Mr. Jones's letter. Mr. Hume's valued and invaluable communication came too Lite for us to avail ourselves of it. "P.Tlie Lord Bishop of Durham enjoys pre-eminence over all other Bishops, except the Bishop of London because, in addition to his prelatical jurisdiction, he is also Count Palatirlc of Durham. "L's" lines are a bad imitation of Luther, and out-Mon- gomery that deplorable production itself. Tii i: WEDDIN G.Tlie poem preceded by the following lines, from the ballad ot 'Burns, is too long, and we add, too good, for a newspaper. Why does to me a silken gown, 1| yV l'a poor broken heart? And w;Jt'to me a siiler crown Gin frae: my love I pari ? Persons who do not subscribe to the Welshmen surely have but slender claims on ollr columns. "S-" and scores of other non-subscribers are really too oblig- ing. We beg to bow.them out, and hope never a.aii tc have the honor of seeing them. We agree with L. M., and think— Thatït shows part and penetration To ply men with the RIGHT temptation." E. S, puts the following question respecting the opera- tion of the I ncome 1 ax:—" Three brothers are pariners in trade, and their profit is about :3001. a-year; that is, ZIOO a-year for each person-the business is in the name and is carried on by one of the brothers only. Query; will this L300 be taxed as the income of one person, or be not taxed, being the income of three persons! We fear there is no doubt but the grasping schedule D," will grasp three hundred seven-peiices annually from the three brothers. What the words balance of profits are intended to mean in the Peel Income Tax-bill, we are unable to say. \Vha Kidwelly is (writes a correspondent) Carmarthen will become. As sure as the earth revolves or Rome declined, the town will decay if the spirit of Enter- prise slumber and Inte lligence aid not her inhabi- tants.' This is mighty fine, and may b true; but what is to be done, The town ntfers no temptations to strangers, and the old settlers are for the most part good easy people, warm" enough for the few wants they have, and not over solicitous about having a big town like Bristol, with wealthy merchants and more luxuries than some of the Carmarthenites ever heard even the name of. We expect that every correspondent who favours us confine his communication to us and not send it to all the papers in the principality. The same remark applies to the originality always implied. The fol- lowing four lines of J. J's." are not original- and the rest is trash 0 A charming little lady, with a little parasol, In a man's heart made a very little hole. Wasn't he, by Jingo a very lucky fellow ? She'd have kiiied him on the spot, had it been an umbrella P.Good s;uff needs no puff. "CLERICDS.lt:soiten difficult in an uninitiated news- paper reader, to detect those advertisements in disguise which lurk in the columns of journals, passing them- selves off for editorial judgments, while, in reality, they are mere paid puffi. The Times, very properiy affixes the word "advertisement" to all such para- graphs, and many provincial papers follow the good example. But this, which should be the rule, is only tlii,, eiceptioti and poor John Bull is grossly imposed upon by the larger proportion of the periodical Press. 'S. E" wc n't do. "B. N."—"i es—il purged of personality. Anne."—We are obliged—a thousand thanks. "G" is clever, but scarcely just—at all events there is ill-nature illtheaprlicatioll of his quotatilm- Devotes to scandal his congenial mind, Himself a living liuel on mankind." "A Miner."— \Ylien an argument is built upon the pro- fessed principles or opinions of the person with whoiu we argue, whether the opinions be true or false, it is named aryunientuni ad hominem—an address to our Professed Principles. M" misapprehended our meaning. We are too proud to ask tavor and too humble to confer any. Two and two do not always make four—a. fact which mny people have to ??" ''??? ?" and the Bristol I'hœnix. A Minister of the Gospel" must P?donus. It would ?st:uct, not advance, a.vervcommf.ndah)?..h,? ?e is not ver('d in the knowledge of facts ^LV>!l to a very wide range of ocial experience. Editors, like members of parliament, have conventionally allowed a latitude of language that no getitieniaii would dream of arrogating in his private capacity. We used the words in an editorial, not a personal sense. "S." must see that. W. e will not insert puff paragraphs to please anyoody, otherwise than as advertisements. B.Very "CCCPt:ltllf' if sent early and exclusively to uv,-nc)t otherwise, | "M usings ought to heve been entitled mopmgs"—the rhyme is wretched. i *'J's" hint shall not be neglected. L. Yes. Even "nonsense;" if it be good and we have room. The author of Gaities and Gravities was the oldy man in London who could write "good nonsense ~at least, so savs Matthews, the comedian who a year for writing nonsense. When old gravity and reason Are diimiss'd as out of season, And imagination seizes The dominion while she pleases- i hough to praise it can't be right, Yet. Nonsense, then is exquisite t W e, should feel great pleasure in obligin" L. L." or any other lady but bad poetry and on stilts a la Mont- gomery, is too mnch. We cannot oblige A Greek" by publishing the particu- lars of the fight between Johnny Broome and Bun- garee, for £ 1)00. B. B."—A Squib—political, municipal or editorial, li. C,,ipit.,il-lie has made himself great on a little subject; but his worship's ignorance is to us quite a

CARMARTHEN, FRIDAY, MAY G. 1 Nothing has occurred during our parliamentary- week of paramount, or indeed of any very great, interest. The Income-tax bill in its progress through committee, meets with the opposition, at- tended, of course, by precisely similar results, to that which marked its earlier stages. A motion, for instance, made on Friday, by the member for Bath, to reduce the tax on trades and professions to threepence halfpenny in the pound, was nega- tive(I by 116! The sole ground on which Sir Robert Feel and his satellites resisted the pro- posed approximation to justice, wa3 by citing other provisions in the bill as bad and as unequal in their pressure as that part of it to which Mr. j Roebuck proposed the application of a palliative. ,y are, however, as little dissatisfied with, as sur- prisccl by, the divisions. The "tyrant majorities," indeed, art doing good service, though unconsci- ously for they are thoroughly opening the eye;; of everybody to the character of that system of government under which the most palpable injus- tice may be committed with impunity. The theory of the constitution is shewn to be little better than a delusion, and government by the Crown, the Lords and Commons a fiction-tlic three estates are swallowed up in one, and that one, the predominant class, holds in thrall the entire country. The Queen is powerless, if not t the submissive slave of these magnates, the Lords individually, if not in their collective capacity, are in nearly a similar category while the Commons of the united kingdom, who ou,Iit tobe a true re- flex of public opinion, arc, in a still more striking degree, landlord-ridden. There is no mystery in the > matter. The Reform bill, based on the principle of universal justice, is so far defective in its ma- chinery, that it permits the existence of a caste, possessing a degree of power destructive of real representation, and, of course, incompatible with the general interest or national good. The landed proprietary of England and Wales ia composed of high and honourable minds- they are English ) Gentlemen in the best and fullest sense of the term—yet the fact of its too great preponderance in our representative system, we think, will scarcely admit a doubt. In an address to the people of Great Britain just issued by the Metro- politan Parliamentary Reform Association, we find it declared, that the country never was more entirely under the domination of a class" than at .1 present. "The landed-proprietary" (the associ- ation proceeds to assert,) overrides, both the political parties in Parliament; untaxing itself, I and taxing all others, at its own sovereign pleasure. We are enthralled in a sordid slavery, of which the worst feature is, that it can be enforced under the forms of a reformed representation. Nay, it is through the agency of those forms that the landed oligarchy has attained its absolute and unproce- dented ascendency." We do not adopt all the I dicta of this Association," nor do we believe that the ascendency is unprecedented; but that it [ is all but absolute" few persons perhaps will deny. To this absolutism much of the evil under b. h 1 I which the nation is now so grievously suffering may be traced—the Income-tax and the other vices v/hicli mark the entire policy of Sir Robert Peel, are amongst the more recent exemplifications only, of the destruction of that just balance of power which our forefathers, in their simplicity, j were accustomed to boast o f, as forming that Con- I stitution which they considered the envy and ad- miration of the whole world—its spirit is seen throughout the whole extent of our legislation and that it has' dissipated the energies and damaged the interests of the country, will, we fear, admit neither of doubt nor denial. I

I POLITICAL LATITUDINARISMS v\ e promised last week to publish a letter having re- ference to the political course of a member of this county, and as we are determined always :tt be as good as our word, we have given it the place promised. But we would have preferred putting it aside; since the lamented iadis- i position of the Hon. gentleman, who is the subject of it, prevents us from giving expression to any sentiment t suggested by its perusal. It were an equivocal return indeed for the gratefully acknowledged kindliness and 1 extended courtesy of A Liberal Conservative," to ener | the quiet retreat where we hope and believe he is re- cruiting his broken health, to drag him along the dusty road of politics, and din in his ears the sounds of party strife. No, we would not disturb the repose of any mail's retirement by the slightest whisper of discussion, and shall not say a single syllable about Mr. Jclnes-exceptiiig this only, that we, in common with every man in the county, will be rejoiced to hear ot his restoration to per- < fect health, and to see the Hon. gentleman resume that place in the great council of the nation for which it is said his talents for business so eminently qualify him. Our correspondent "the Coroner for the county," we see i loud iu the deprecation of party-spirit. He must permit us to tell him, and through him the public, that the patriotism which consists in decrying party-politics is common and no less cheap—it costs nothing, implies no < sacrifice, and is accordingly found in the mouth of more II men than it ought to be. But let us not be misunder- j' stood, the Welshman wears the livery of no party-the strength and purity of the principles to which we are attached secure us from the taint of partisanship nor do we pay deference to any party-policy which involves an we pay de ference to any p, infraction of universal justice, or the sacrifice of the I governed many, to the governing few. We have never- theless no hesitation in declaring our dissent from the doctrine which draws no very broad line of demarcation between the Tory and the Whig, between the opponent, and the advocate, of popular rights, between the foe and the friend of Civil and Religious Freedom. That many of the mob who never think for themselves, but pin their faith to the s leeve of a fool's fallacy, and forthwith throw up their hats for measures not men," are WU-mearu'OK enough we can readily believe; but We cannot on that x account shut our eyes either to tho sinister designs of I others who join in tllo senseless shout, or to the pernicious j tendency of Lie practice itself. There is a latitudinarisn^ [ in politics and morals as wjII as in religion-which, if it y were general, by generating a sceptic iudifference, wOllLt become the grave of Liberty. We cc-nfess that when wo hear a tiart say that he has "no politics," we have but a poor opinion of him, and are even disposed to conclude i t'hat the same individual would hold the same language in relation to morals and religion, if the same impunity were extended to him. But socie-ty does not extend the same impunity to him, and accordingly none but a madman J will avotv that he has no religion. In the one case, ^( laxity of principle is protected by that conventional ( mantle within whose warm and ample folds the world wraps so many pleasant vices; in the other, laxity is not met with freezing coldness only, but its pro- feasor is denounced, anathematized, excommunicated, -1 1 1 1 and we nanu 01 every man raised is against him. K ow, surely the honor that is so natural and just to express towards the man of no religion, cannot in strictness be wholly misapplied to the person who professes to have no politics. Be this however as it may, lukewarmness in our political belief cannot but be for bad. Let no man J deceive himself-let none of us forget that he who is not for Liberty, in fact denies her divinity and is aghnst !1 her. I t is our duty to welcome every sincere friend to the j sacred cause under whose banner we war for the rights of I man, to extend the hand of fellowship to every Liberal conservative who volunteers hi services, how small j; soever they may be; but in doing so, we, of course, must not barter our I)RINCII-LEs-tve must not forfeit allegi- ance to our own party or merge even for a moment our fealty to old and recognissd leaders in an undiscriminat- ing latitude of liberality which knows no limit. Such a fusion of principle would be both foolish and dishonest. We are the less disposed to refrain from indulging in the j desultory remarks submitted here to the reader's atten- tion and indulgent consideration, from the conviction, that < there is now too little political feeling in our own botougb, ? as well us iu agricultural boroughs generally. Jt haa been recently proved by the evidence brought before the I election committees appointed by the House of Commons ..t that a vast amount of corruption prevails. This cz?;l '?' appears to be almost inseparable from our present g?,sttiti, i. far wnere the cotfcutueucy ia neither nufncrouV tier [ f