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FARM NOTES.
FARM NOTES. [By AN OCCASIONAL CONTRIBUTOR. J As the year draws to a close, and the shortening days—many of them foggy, with heavy dews, or hoar frosts— lejsse* the hours available for work, the difficulties of farming in a year like the present become more itensified. A late harvest is always difficult harvest, but the happily unusual circum- stance of harvesting in the short foggy days of November is also unusually difficult. The usually dark dismal month has this year fortunately been accompanied by a spell of better weather than we have experienced in the preceding months. So that the late grain harvest which extended over four months of the year, from early August till late November, has at last been completed. Of course the grain that was exposed to the heavy rains of October is very much depreciated in value and will only he fit for stock food, and not of great value even for that purpose. The harvesting of the potato and root crops was also a matter of gleAtdifficuJty owing to the ex- cessive amount of water in the soil as well as the Want of fair weather overhead. Many of the potato fields were partially covered with, water for [a me All of them were sodden and saturated, so that a large percentage of the tubers rotted in the land,and those that remained sound were most difficult to get up, being embedded in mud, which tenaciously adheriog to the tubers made them that they could ctba distinguished from the soil itself. Whilst ile horses Bank to the knees, and the cart wheels almost, to the axles in the wet land., Making the d, (!Il!tY.of carting;off as great as that of getting lu 11 the crop. Mucti; of the land growing mangolds at)d turnips has been so badly trodden and cut^ up "»i«t it will take it a considerable time to get into S°od condition for ploughing and preparing it for the next crop. Consequently, much of the land tended for wheat will be left. till spling and pro- bably Bonn with, ats or barley instead of with wheat. The sowing of wheat is another work vv^i< h this year is renderod more difficult. Indeed a small proportion of the usual breadth has yet sen sown instead of being completed as in ordia- ary seasons. On light soils the difficulty is not so great as these soils become much sooner dry and fit for cultivation, but. light soils are not the best growing wheat soils, and are usually cultivated with barley and oat crops. The best wheat soils are the strong clay or heavy loam soils, this year these soili are almost unworkable; fields that were ploughed before or during the wet period of October, have been rendered so dense and sodden that the harrows or drill could not penetrate them. Where it is intended to sow wheat after a root crop it is a good pIau. to plough in the early. part of the day, and sow and harrow, all up-bsfore night, as risk of rain or frost coming during nights and spoiliug the land for "harrowing is very great during November or Dec. embar. Uufortunately the low price which wheat has been fetching in the market for some years has caused a feeling of indifference to overtake many farmers regardiugits cultivation. Many have given, up growing al t jgetlier; o.thers have restricted thearea and seem indifferent about sowing any, aud conse- quently more caretees than of yorein its cultivation. That is rather an unfortunate consequence. A better plan is to try to improve in the cultivation and gro w larger crops, so as in some degree to get compensated for the low pric?, and although there has not yet been much opportunity for sowing advantageously thi season, yet it is not wise to give up the plan of sowing,, as wheat is the o.oe crop which may be sown in any of the monthsspelt with the letter R in them, that is from the beginning of September to the end of April. -The months of March and April are rather late but we have grown splendid crops of wholt when sown ig February, provided the s if was suitable, and the weather favourable. Square head wheat will do well sown as late as February, using, of course, a little more seed. per acre. It is wise, of couiee, to select the most prolific varieties suitable, for the district. In your iisue of October 3rd, I r ferred to carrie.d out by the University College of North Wales at Bangor. Ti.eie experiments proved that square heai wheat and Eivitt's wheats were the most prolific in 1902, and we believe these two varieties will be difficult to beat in this country. It is uqt wise to spw wheat top thickly, but in a season like the present we think it advisable to use a little additional seed for one reason, a greater per ceutage. than usual of the seed will fail to germinate owing to the bad weather in harvest; another reasan, more of the seed will be lost in the soil owing to the difficulty of getting a good tilthe, some being trodden in too deep, and some not covered at all and cari ied off by birds. A great deal of interest has been aroused lately regarding the food supply of the nation during the time of war, and Mr Man- seli, of Shrewsbury, read an excellent paper on the subject last week at a meeting of the Royal United Service Institution in London. A large quantity of our food, and food in many forms has to be imported from foreign countries. Bread being the staff of life, w&eat, is usually considered the most important item in our food imports. Aceording to statistics, we raise^bout31 million quarters of wheat annually; of this only.5 million quarters are grown at home and 26 million quarters—or the equivalent in flour —are imported. Of the quantity imported last year 84 per cent came from foreign countries, and 16 per cent from our own colonies. About 60 per cent bsing from the United States. Looked at from this point of view, we may well feel un- comfortable regarding the furnishing of our table if we shouldquari el with our neighbours across the Atlantic. But what is the remedy? Wé farmers cannot ba expected to grow wheat if it does not pay to grow it. We cannot be expected to grow. wheat for philanthropic purposes.. No doubt a great d„e9l njore wheat: might be grown at home. Instead of growing only 5 million quarters, we might possibly grow 25 million, and be practically independent; of foreign supply ef wheat, but it does not pay to grow it at present prices. And if we grew that much more wheat we should be dis- placing something, else which we should have to import or to do without. Of course in a time of war we could make shift to do without many things which we now largely use, but bread we must have. To stimulate the growth of a sufficient quantity of wheat at home that would make us in- dependent of the foreigner, we must have it c a higher pi ice, so that it wilt pay for the growing. But how are we to get it to a higher price. ? The people won't hear of a duty being put.on the imported article, and as long as the foreign wheat comes in duty free the home grower will have to take the small price. Mr Mansell suggests the payment of a bonus of say 10s. ptjr quarter on all wheat kept in stock till the 1st of January in each year, and of R I per quarter on all kept in stock till; the 1st of July, when, we should be within a few weeks of a new supply. That scheme would no doubt induce many farmers to hold large quantities of wheat on hand, and it would not have the effect of raising the price to the consumer, at least not directly. We do not quite understand where the money is to come from to pay this bonus -if from the Imperial exchequer, John Bull will have to pay it in some shape, if not directly as it comes to the table, he must pay for it indirectly through the tax collector. Then, supposing we should increase the cultivation of wheat by thus artificially paying for it, a larger area would be devoted to it, causing a diminution in the area devoted to growing live stock and dairy produce. which would mean so much less beef, mutton, milk, butter, cheese, &c., being produced in this country. At present we do not produce nearly enough of these for our own wants but have to import large quantities of all of them. We should then have to in- crease our imports of these articles and be still more dependent on the foreignerfor the food of the people in these forms. We should be artificially eocourag- ing the growth of wheat in our own country where the Climate is not so well adapted for it aa some of the countries which supply us. And we should ba discouraging the production of beef, mutton, dairy produce, poultry, &c., in one of the best climates of the world for the purpose-—that is the climate of Great Britain. No branch of agriculture has paid better this year than dairy farming (indeed the Bame may be said of several years lately) so farmers will not readily give up dairy farming and increase their wheat growing area unless there is a great change in the market value of these commodities. Stock rearing and fattening is allo a branch of husbandry at present helping very much to keep the present generation of farmers on their feet. They are not going to abandon that and take to wheat growing very readily unless the price of wheat rises to nearly double what it is at present. Even poultry farming Jjhas been an im- proving branch of farming for some years. In our country, and at our local markets there is more poultry sold in a week now than need to be sold in two months thirty years ago. The low price of corn has tended to develope that branch; where wheat was making orer X2 a sack, it wag too precious to give to fowls but now many thousands of sacks of wheat are converted into eggs or chickens for table use. If wheat is raised in price sumcient., to make it pro- fitable to increase the quantity grown to make us independent of foreign countries all these other departments of agriculture would suffer. It is well known that if wheat gets higher in price, all other varieties of corn, cake and stock foods rise in price proportionately, and we all know that the coat of stock feeding is quite high enough already. We cannot possibly make it pay to produce good beef under 6d per lb. Yet good carcases of foreign beef are being dumped at Birkenhead and Deptford and offered this week at 4d per lb. If the foreign supply of beef increases and the cost of home pro. duction increases also, the great industry of cattle and sheep farming will be in as bad a plight as that of corn growing. There is an old saying, Up corn, down horn." An undoubtedly a rise, especially an artificially created rise in the price of wheat, would have an adverse effect on all other branches of agriculture. And as we in thia country depend more upon stock rearing and sheep fattening, upon dairy farming and poultry rearing, and upon bring. ing out a lot of valuable colts, we ought by all means to oppose any proposition which would tend to raise the price of wheat. Of course, in a time of war, the question would assume another aspect. Then we must have bread, and do without beef or butter or beer, perhaps have to take to horseflesh if nothing better can be got.
"' ——— E.R.
——— E. R. 5TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE SOUTH WALKS BORBERERS. REGIMENTAL. ORDERS By LIEUTENANT-COLONEL E. PRYCE-JONES, M.P., Commanding. Headquarters, Newtown, 28th November, 1903. E,iP.OLMENT S.-The tinderaintitioned having bean enrolled are taken on the strength of the Battalion, posted to Companies, and allotted Regimental numbers as stated sgainsl their names:—A Co.: 1283 J. II. Richard?, 1284 T. ffi. Jane*, and 1285 L. Thomas. B Co.: 1282 E. Gou<h, 1236 A.. R. Smith, 1287 It. Joaes, and 1289 L. R yneld-?. 0 Co. 1290 A. E. Davies, and 1291 R. J. IS vans. D Co.: 1288 F. R. Baggalloy. E Co.: 1277 J. J. Jonep, 1278 T. Jones, 1279 C. G. Latham, 1230 R. S. MaeHardy, and 1281 W. X. Ganz. STRUCK OFF.—The undermentioned are struck off the strength of the Battalion from this d;ttp, A c.o:. 1183 Ptfl T. S. flanier (Llanidloes). B Co. 943 Cyclist T. Poulton, 974 PlO R. C. Owen. F Co.: 439 Pte A. Janawav. By Order, F. GILLESPIE, Captain, Adjutant,5th V.B; South Wales florderers.
: ..: THE" ROYAL COLLEGE OF…
THE" ROYAL COLLEGE OF MUSIC 'OPE.N, SCHOlJARSHIPS. We desire tc.c-ill t:.e attention of our readeis to, the advantages offered by the Scholarships of the Royal College of Music, South, Kensington, London, of which His Majesty, the King is the" Patron, and H.R.H. The Prince of Wales President. Preliminary Examinati-jns for 13 Free Open Scholarships will be held on Jany. 27i,h, 1904, in varipus lpcal centres tbrjughout' the United Kingdom. The to I:e compettd for are as follows Composition 1, Singing-3, Piano- f or to 1, Organ 1. Violin 2, V,o iuct lio 1, (Dove Scholarship) ;,4 Scholarships to be competed for atnon- Flute,, Clari Horn, and Harp. The Scholarships are opou to all ciasir-s of His Majesty's subjects wit. iilti ,¡<,t;t,.d in .tho particulars issued.t. apjjHc uits. T;iY e it He the holders to fi.ee.musical oduca i n ,11 the College, and are as a thr-o 1 S. In some cases grants towards are, added. Farther inform ition and i fik-ht! forms if entry may be obtained, from the It- gi-tiir, Royal College of It "ill, SouLh Ke.nsingter:, L'.ndon, tS W N Mnry fo, ni can be received after 28TH -Dacc-mber, 1903, and each form must be accompained by an official stamped Registrar's Certificate of Birth.
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