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THE COLLEGE FARM.
THE COLLEGE FARM. Principal Reichel brought before the Court the question of the fund of JS5000 for the stocking and equipment of tihe College farm at Lledwigan. The college had under- taken, to raise that sum before the end of the ion to meet the Drapers' Company offer inf B1000. „ A statement relative to the farm sohemo 1 was submitted, from which we extract the ¡ the following:—1 In order to enable the students to see as much practical fawning as possible, it has Mtherto been arranged each session that they should visit from time to time some of the more important farms in the neighbour- hood, kindly placed by the owners at the disposal of the college for this purpose It is obvious, however, that the practical m- struction in agriculture thus given could not in the nature of things be as continuous and effective as if the college itself had control I of a farm upon whidh the students of the Department could reside, and thus see farm- ing operations from day to day. Thus the fstabLisbm^rvt of a. college farm has from the beginning been a prominent feature in the. soheme of Agricultural Education which tho college authorities hoped in time to realise. The necessity for orgatuising on a carefully considered basis, and for testing by the re- sults of experience, the work of the theoretical classes in the college and the ex- tension work throughout North Wales, nevertheless made it difficult for some time to give this question the attention it de- served. Within the last few yea'rs, however, it has been increasingly felt by the college authorities that the provision of a farm was of vital importance to the success of the m- .collcge work, a view which was also taken 'by many friends of .the college practically concerned in agriculture and interested an 11 the welfare of the Agricultural Department. Accordingly the matter was in 1895 taken in Jituid, but owing to the necessity of await- ing a vacancy upon a farm, both convenient in situation and thoroughly suitable in char- acter, it is only within the last few months that the college has been enabled to gain its object. The, aim df the college in secur- ing a farm has from the first been to illus- trate experimentally the theoretical teaching given in the in-CoIlege Agricultural Depart- ment. It is proposed, therefore, to use tihe farm (1) as a practising sahool for the stud- ents taking the in-college diploma coursc, WI!}O for a. considerable part of this course will live on or near the farm under the supervision of ,the Professor of Agriculture (2) as a permanent experimental station twh,cre scientific experiments in agriculture fcan be carried out over a long series of years (3) as a dairy farm where the fixed Wa ry woirk of the Anglesey and OarnaTvon- > fchd re Dairy School may be carried on. For this purpose the college /has taken from Sir Hiehard Williams- Bulkeley, Bart., Lord- Xieutenant of Anglesey, on a lease of twenty- one years (terminable by the tenants at Keren and fourteen years) and at a rent of > £ 4S5, Lledwigan, a farm of three hundred iand fifty-eight acres. scheme of management has been ad- apted iby the agricultural education com- mittee and by the council of the college, un- <lor which the Professor of Agriculture re- sides at the farm and is its head ami man- ager. At the same time a small «"b-com- tural educate experience, ttnStoTwith tKe settlmg of «B general h^tio'flnected with j* labour), .#*»*,?& ST^- corned. With the BUIKOW*' »f<? the control of tlhe fairm finances. posed that all the candidates for the P,. igiven by the college at the end of the fc.r? two years' course shall in future r during one year of their course upon or near the farm. From the time at which it first suggested that a college farm inigM ,)e on foot, the Board of Agriculture have „,rrly urged the desirability of this de- lprnent, and all the steps which have been subsequently taken have met with the icordlal approval of the Board. As the re- sult of an a,pplication made to tihem for an nnnual grant towards the maintenance of the farm as an experimental and educational bfmtre. the Board have made a grant of £ 200 for the year endins March 30th, 1898, ■which it is expected will be, annually re- Hewed. For the stocking and equipping of the farm, a sum of, at the very least, jMOOO lis estimated to be necessary. As the result tlf an application made to tihem by the col- lege, the Worshipful Com-ninv of Drapers fcavo madie a ijrant of B1000 for this pur- pose on condition that an addltiona.1 fund £ 3000 is raised by the collecre before the end of the present session. This condition •>as^ ho.en accented by the college, and the Hyrioiltural education committee have ap- ,P(); pointed a special committee to issue- an ap- peal for subscriptions towards the fund. Mr W. Ratihbone said that he was cognisant of this matter from the commence- nilnt, having had the honour of being re- presentative nine or ten years ago. The Government proposed to appropriate the sum of JE5000 for the promotion of agricul- tural education in the- Kingdom, and strange to say that for some time it appeared as if the agricultural interest was going to be entirely ignored. For small as the sum was it was not all applied for, and the first of the bodies to see the importance of the matter was the college of North Wales (hear, hear). They applied to the Government, and were able to show that sudh was the readiness of the Welsh farmers to adopt new modes, that they were ready if the Govern- toaent only supported them to make North Wales the model of agricultural education for the Kingdom. The promise was warm- ly taken up, and1 North Wales had entirely fulfilled it. The Welsh farmers had enabled the college to make North Wales a model of agricultural education, and now the neigh- boivring counties of England were following their example. So far, however, North Wales was decidedly m advance of any other Wales was decidedly m advance of any other part of the Kingdom in their use of the ad- vantages given them. The English farmers were rather slow to take up any new ideas, and ridiculed the idea that the Welsh could teach them. They should not, however, claim the whole merit of having awakened the English farmers, became he had had a kind of lesson which was more apt to under- 'stand, and that was the practical result, which brought about the conversion of the Welsh farmer to the idea that lie had some- thing to learn such lessons as Denmark had taught. This was the most remarkable in- stance of bringing home the results of educa- tion, for 30 years ago Denmark was the most, backward country in all Europe in agriculture, whereas it was now at the head bf the agricultural world. The agricultural education of Denmark commenced with a model farm, which was taken up by the schools and the colleges. Wales began from the other end necessarily, and they could 'only hope that the people would crown their edifice by supporting the, steps which the college had taken in adding the farm and providing practical means of teaching the principles of agriculture. They hoped the Welsh landlords and capitalists would be determined as the Welsh farmer, not to be ruined by the Danish people, who brought their goods—cheaper and better than their own—ito their very doors. They should faither endeavour to compete with the Dan- ish farmers at least on their own ground. Self preservation, patriotism and duty, all said that it was high time for them to awake out ,of their sleep, otherwise not the salva- tion but the destruction of agriculture would be the inevitable result of delay (hear, hear). Principal Reichel said that the object of the college in establishing this educational and experimental farm was to make their agricultural department thoroughly complete and efficient. The farm had been taken and stocked for exactly the same reason for which the laboratories had been built and Equipped, to illustrate and give concrete reality to the theoretical teaching in the first place, and in the second, to make it possible for experiments to be carried on under conditions of accurate control and ob- servation, which might lead to results of permanent value. The question of the col- lege farm in short was involved in the ques- tion of the agricultural department. If It was desirable to have an agricultural department, that was to have a system of higher agricultural edu- cation, then it was desirable to have a col- lege farm. If the first was unnecessary, the second was not wanted. There were two reasons why organised agricultural education was desirable. (1) It was now universally admitted that skilled industries required, if they were to be carried on with the highest efficiency, a preparatory system of technical education of a broad kind, in which the principle was substituted for a rule of thumb. For years past Great Britain had been Supinely relying on her former manufactur- ing supremacy, but Ae was at length awakening to the fact that other nations had begun to beat her on her own ground, and the cause of this lay in their system of technical education; that the schoolmaster was abroad with a vengeance, and that it was high feme he made his appearance at home (laughter). One could hardly take up a newspaper without seeing that this lesson had at last been learnt. He need only point out to the remarkable special article which appeared in the "Times" last Monday; that the feeling of anyone who visited Continental Schools, with his eyes open, must be that of the Miarnchester merchant, who said pub- licly on his return from aibroad, that what he had seen in Germany filled him with positive terror. Now, he would only ask, was agriculture the easiest and most simple of all the manual occupations ? What did Continental countries think ? They had come with one accord to the conclusion that it was the very reverse, that Its problems were often most complicated and difficult, problems be it remembered on the solution of which depended not merely the prosperity of the greatest national industries, but in a large measure the physical and mental stamina of the race, for it was the country •which br2odeA men not the city (hear, hear). If they were inclined to look down upon the Continent with trule British pride, what about America? Every American State had, at least, one great station of agricul- tural education, experimental supported by State Government on the sumptuous scale which Americans carry out any principle in which they believe. The Britisn Govern- which they believe. The British Govern- ment was so impressed, by the American Agricultural Institutions last summer, that they were making a special recommendation to the British Government in favour of similar stations in this country. A great na- tional work of educational instruction was now going on in the Principality, which must profoundly affect the future of tho country. Nothing like it, in the judgment of one of the first educational authorities of the day, Mr D. R. Fearon, the secretary of the Charity Commissioners, had been seen in Europe in modern times. Had they thought what would be the inevitable result it in tnis construction or re-construction, ttgriculture, the greatest of their industries, the nursery of their population, was left out in the cold. So wide was the net which the educational system threw out that in a few years it would be well (nigh impossible for any an insignificant pronortlon of the clever boys and girls of Wales to escape be- ing swept into it. Once immersed they would, be carried on through a course of training which, when finished, would turn them out fitted for any branch of active life rather than agricuiture. in other WOrds their educational system would act like a SvS' T o™ +T Tefully re™ove all the ability from the most important and most hard pressed of all our industries, leaving it to be carried on by the residue thus pro- ducing a gigantic -system of what might be called the survival of the unfitted (laughter) A great agricultural authority, the ° other day, said that if agriculture was to revive they must put more brains into the laud. The tendency he had described would be to take out of the land what brains might be already in Alljthis, too, at a time when land "Was going out of cultivation in parts of England, and when the competition which had brought this about was increasing not diminishing, as new regions of food supply were opened up, the means of communica- tion were improved and cheapened, and the skill and intelligence of the foreign agricul- turist developed, by elaborate systems of technical education for the maintenance of which foreign Governments srudsred no ex- pense. The Principal then said that he had visited the Danish Agricultural Schools at Lyngsby, near Copenhagen, where he saw an example of what was, perhaps, the most perfect system of agricultural education in Europe, which was the result of the patriotic action of the Danish people, soon after the war thirty years ago. That system which had now become so perfect began the movement, which had created the most com- plete national system of agricultural schools and colleges which existed in Europe, and the effect of which, so far as the British farmers were concerned, was visible in the shops of every market town in North Wales. Referring to the generous offer of the Drapers' Company, Principal Reichel said that about B1000 had already been raised, and that morning he had received a promise of L50 from Mr Samuel Smith, M.P. (ap- plause). The college felt that it was engaged in a work of enormous importance to the future of the country, and on the decision they would take upon this matter would de- pend whether the great educational system they were engaged in was to be a one-sided a,, one or not (hear, hear). Mr Owen Williams, Glanycoed, Ruthin, proposed a resolution expressing satisfaction with the scheme and pledging the court to use every endeavour to meet the conditions laid down by the Drapers' Company. At the same time he did not feel certain that the farm chosen was in the right spot, be- cause they wanted a farm which would grow everything. Lbdwigan was a splendid place for root crops, and hay, and oats, but they required something which would be more of a technical farm. He hoped the time was not far distant when they would be able to get another farm, and he hoped, further, that the young students would l-e tailght to work hard. The older farmers had been obliged to work from five in the morning until ei^ht or nine o'clock at night, and it should be understood that work was required or the land as well as brains (laughter and applause). They should also put more heart and spirit in the young people. The farmers in the Vale of Clwyd ware driven almost to th.) verge of ruin and had lost all heart, and this was a thing which would have to be I remedied (hear, hear). Mr Allanson Picton, in seconding, said he bad been deeply impressed with the in- terest taken m the matter, and felt sure the remarks of Air Rathbone and Principal Reichel wrould prompt generous aid towards this institution. It would be difficult to find a plot of ground which would grow every- thing, but the possibility of acquiring an- other farm had been suggested, and he hoped the prognostication would be fulfilled (hear, hear). I Mr Rathbone said he had been impressed with what had been said. He had post- poned going abroad in order to be present at that meeting which he considered so important, for their salvation depended upon the fact that they should place themselves in the van and not in the rear of agricultural education. They had had every encourage- ment from Mr Tate, who had been a most liberal promoter of education in Wales (hear, hear). He had said he would give £ 250 to- wards this movement, and that he would increase it to B500 if necessary. Tbey wanted all their Welsh landlords and capital- ists who were personally interested to follow his example. He felt sure the Welsh farmers and quarrymen, and the working- men generally would do their part and place .11 themselves at the head of the educational movement of the country (applause). Sir Edmund H. Verney also approved of the scheme, and pointed out that greater strides were being made in Canada than in Denmark even, and that the result was an immediate pecuniary benefit to the farmer. The resolution was then put and carried, and the chairman being obliged to leave, the Ven. Archdeacon Pryce was elected to the chair on the motion of Mr Cadwaladr Davies, who expressed a. hope that Mr Rathbone's sojourn abroad would benefit him. Mr Abraham Foulkes, of Abergele, moved that the local governing bodies of the follow- ing districts be appointed committees with power to add to their number, for organising tlip fund. namely. Bangor, Llangefni, Car- narvon, Hlanrwst, Denbigh, Mold, Wrexham, Beaumaris, Conway, Holyhead, St. Asaph, Welshpool, and Pwllheli.—-This was seconded by Mr Simon Jones, Wrexham and a rider was added on the suggestion of Mr Cad- waladr Davies to the effect that it be part of the duties of the local committees to call attention to the new provisions of the charter with regard to the -representation, and instructed to organise subscribers into electoral groups for the purposes of represen- tation. This, he believed, would tend to create a greater interest in the matter inas- much as the subscribers would be more directly represented. The motion was put to the meeting and carried. PROMOTION. Mr W. Lewis Jones, M.A., lecturer ill English, was appointed professor of that subject.
[No title]
PENLLYN DISTRICT COUNCIL.—On Saturday, Mr L. J. Davies, postmaster, Llanuwelillyn, wa.s appointed chairman of the Pe-Tillyn District Council, and Mr R. Thomas, Llandderfel, vice-dhairman. Mr Evan Jones, Rod''K'ma;, was appointed chairman, of Penllyn Board of Guardians, and Miss Parry, Tremairan, was appointed to the vice-chair. "LINSEED COMPOUND (Tr,,(Ie Mark, gives Expectoration without strain. 9jd 13;1¡.d. Sold by Chemists only c431w
HAVE YOU T?.II:D 1
HAVE YOU T?.II:D 1 VAN HOUTEN'S Eating CHOCOLATE? ] gretted the Government had not seen their j way to grant a whole evening for the discus- fion of this question, which was of such in- teiest, especially at the present time. For- tunately, however, the facts were admitted. First of all they had got 8000 parishes in England and Wales where the schools were n.anaged exclusively by one sect, and in sev- eral school board districts there was a Church majority which exercised its influence for the purpose of confining the area of free and undenominational schools. In several of the 8000 parishes a majority of the chil- dren attending school were the children of Nonconformists, and 75 per cent. of the chil- dren attending the Church Schools in Wales were the children of Dissenters. One griev- ance was that in those schools the only re- ligious instruction which was conveyed to the children was instruction which was not in accordance with the principles of the faith they believed in. Another grievance was that the children of Nonconformists in those districts could not enter the teaching profes- sion (Opposition cheers). He thought that was a scandal and a gross injustice to a very large: proportion of the) population. Practically the whole of the salaries of the teachers was paid by the State, and this enormous State patronage was dispensed by one sect amsrig the children of one sect. In regard to the training colleges the case was even worse. Five-sixths of the income of these colleges came from the State, and yet tho doctrines of one sect were taught in them, and the children of every other sect were excluded from becoming teachers. What made the case still worse was that the l education was inferior (hear, hear). If they confined the teachers to one sect they limited the area of their selection and get poorer ptuff. Coming to the remedies, he said they wanted a few I more training colleges to begin with. Then th3 colleges should be free and undenominational (Opposition cheers). They should have the same conscience clause in the present denominational colleges that they had in the denominational schools, not that that would be worth very much, but it would be better than nothing. He would suggest a conscience clause in colleges and schools which put the alternative to a child of hav- ing such religious instruction as the parent recommended, and of withdrawing from such part of the instruction as was offensive to the conscience of his parents. He would also suggest, in regard to the day training colleges, that the amount now granted to students should be increased in order that these colleges might be put on the same foot- ing as the residential colleges, the majority of which were denominational. With refer- ence to the elementary schools. Lord Salis- bury himself had admitted the grievance, and had suggested that where there was a substantial number of Nonconformists there should be another school for their accom- modation. He (Mr Lloyd-George) thought the rural schools were already too small, and statistics showed that the smaller the school the less efficient it was. What he would sug- gest was that where it was only possible consistently with the exigencies of an efficient education to support one school, that school ought to be under popular control (cheers). Denominationalism would under that pro- posal have no substantial grievance. A good deal had IXeen said about the inalienable right of a parent to call upon the State to teach to his child his particular theories or ideas about religion. He challenged that right (cheers). But in these rural districts it was a question of the right of a parent to call upon the State to teach lys doctrines to his neighbour's child—(cheers)—and at the neighbour's expense (hear, hear). If it was impossible to maintain the two systems in the rural districts, he maintained that the undenominationalists had the prior claim to consideration. A good deal might be said about the subscriptions to Voluntary Schools. As a rule they were made by the landowner and the capitalist, whose duty it was to spend money upon education in their dis- trict. In the Bethesda Quarry district, for example, the schools were substantially main- tained by Lord Penrhyn, the owner of the quarries, who contributed 940D a year. But they were Church Schools, and the majority of the quarrymen were Nonconformists, whose children were excluded from entering the teaching profession in these schools. In the adjoining quarry district, where there were no Voluntary Schools, there was a rate of Is 9d, which was paid by the quarry pro- prietors. The schools were infinitely better, as was proved by the results, and equal pri- viliges and opportunities were afforded to the children of Churchmen and Nonconform- ists. But what would happen if this Is 9d rate were levied in the Bethesda district? Lord Penrhyn, instead of contributing £400, would be paying S2100 a year (cheers), Therefore they saw that those voluntary sub- scriptions were utilised in order to enable a gentleman of Lord Penrhyn's position to evade the full performance of their duty an to attach to the part performance o. a duty terms and conditions which the State would not permit to attach to its full per- formance (chears). As far as secondary edu- cation was concerned, that given In Volun- tarv Schools was admittedly inferior xo that given in Board Schools, and it must neces- sarily be so, for the Voluntary Schools could not possibly maintain the same standaTQ of efficiency for financial reasons as Board Schools.' It might be replied that the moral instruction was better. He very much doubted whether this was so, and he con- trasted the criminal statistics of Birming- ham and Liverpool, showing that the statis- tics of the latter were three times as high as those of Birmingham. He was not sur- prised, nor did he think anyone would be after reading some of the remarkable speech- es delivered at the recent teachers' congress -(hear, hear)—especially that of the hon. member for West Ham, who denounced the Voluntary Schools for the inefficient educa- tion they gave, and for their buildings— dingy, dismal dens in which, to use his own words, he would not kennel bis dog. That was not the way to teach morality to chil- dren. In a catechism taught in the Church Schools at Cardiff one of the questions was "Who alone is the tru, rulcp of Christ's Church in this diocese?" Answer: "The Bishop of Llandaff" (laughter). Another question was "How are we to know when men are true and real pastors T' Answer "They must be priests or deacons ordained by the bishop or chief pastor." "Are Dis- senting ministers ordained ?' Answer "No." "Would it then be right to join any of their congregations ?" Answer "No. It would be very foolish and wrong to do so." That was the sort of religious instruction they were contributing three mSllions ot public money to, and the children of Non- conformists were being excluded from the elementary rights of citizenship in order to be taught this rubbish (cheers). All the time that this wrangling as to who should be greatest in the kingdom of Heaven was going on, the children were suffering, and he thought it was the business of the House to intervene in order to protect the educa- tion of the children, and for that reason he moved the resolution. THE LAND TENURE (WALES) BILL. In the House of Commons, on W ednesday, Mr Herbert Lewis moved the second read- ing of the Land TenuTe (Wales) Bill. He delivered a strong but studiously moderately speech, which was mainly devoted to an ex- position of the measure, a swnmary of which' has recently appeared in our columns. In conclusion, he observed that such a measure was necessary. in the real interests of the. agricultural community in Walea. The Welsh tenant farmers were an honest, hard- working, God-fearing class of men. The lot of tens of thousands of them during the last few years had been of bitter privation. Many had lost their all in the struggle wiith years of depression, many had been driven from the land to seek a livelihood in those great centres of population, whose aggran- disement at the expense of the rural dis- tricts was not conducive to the welfare of tht country at large. The land had been bereft of labourers, the soil had become im- poverished for want of capital, the Welsh fanner had been unable to make the best use of his labour and skill. It was only right and fair that he should have the judb safeguards for the fruits of his labour that this bill proposed to confer upon him. The bill was a moderate and fair measure of land reform. The just interests of landlords had been considered and safeguarded, and it was put forward as a measure intended to pro- mote the equitable adjustment of the condi- tions of land tenure in Wales (cheers). Mr Griffith-Boscawen moved that the bill be read a second time that day six months. To bring forward this most confiscatory mea- sure at half-past four on a Wednesday after- noon in an empty house was the most extra- ordinary action he had ever known, espec- ially when last year a similar bill was de- feated by a majority of 104. He opposed this bill as one interested in Welsh land, and also as one opposed to its principles. He held that there was no Welsh land ques- tion as distinct from England. The land tenure was the same, and the grievances of Welsh as of English tenants could best be remedied by an Agricultural Holdings Bill. It was easy to understand when the whole of England was taken, to show that the Welsh rent reductions had been less than the English, but if they took English coun- ties where the geographical and climatic con- ditions were similar, then theyJTiu d find the reductions were as great m Wales. Ithe four English counties of Chester, Cornwall, Cumberland, and Westmoreland ^chwere in that condition, had rental m 1877 of £ 3,292,000, and Wajf a rental of £ 3 221,000. Up to 1890, the decrease in these English counties amounted to £ 136 000, and in Wales to £14-7.000, so that the latter showed a slightly higher percen- tage; consequently, the supporters of the bill were reduced to this absurd proposition, that the only reason for this change in the law was that a certain number of the Welsh tenants talked a different tongue. That fact might be a reason for the translating of laws into Welsh, but it was no reason for differ- ent laws. Mr Stanley Leighton seconded the amend- ment, andl the tdsme allotted for the debate expired without the Liberal members having any opportunity of replying.
THE UiSilVEHSITY COLLEGE OF…
THE UiSilVEHSITY COLLEGE OF NOiiTH WALES. MEETING OF THE COURT OF GOVERNORS. THE COLLEGE FARM. The half yearly meeting of the CouDt of ■Gov-J-'nors was held on Wednesday after- .iiDon, at the University College, Bangor, tinder the presidency of Air W. Raithbone. There were a large number oif governors present. The Chairman, in the course of his open- in" remarks, called attention to the fact that under their dharter they had added about ♦O'hty new members to the Court. They all knew the great interest which the Welsh -e people had taken in the course of education —nut merely as individuals but as municipal- jties-an amount of interest which would be "beneficial to education and to the different t/ovecning bodies as well. It was very ^ratifying to think that this interest had taken the form of civic patriotism in the education of their fellow-countrymen, and he wncerely hoped that the new members elected would give their presence at the t, meetings, and active furtherance in support ui the college (hear, hear). 11 The Registrar (Mr J. E. Lloyd) then read a large number of letters of apology for ab- sence, and Lettors from Lady Osiborne Mor- ,g.,t,-i and Mrs Palgrave thanking r,hem for the votes of sympathy expressed by the Court with them in their bereavement. The Registrar further announced that- the Privy Council had confirmed the new special statutes passed by the Court, which in- creased the representation oIf various public bodies. The new members would consist of the principals of Aberystwyth and Carditf, the Warden of the Guild of Graduates, en'veii additional representatives oif urban district councils, six members of County Governing Bodies, nineteen additional le- presentatives of County Councils, thirty-ono representatives of rural district councils, six representatives of headmistresses of Element- ary Sdhools, and seven additional representa- tives of headmasters and headmistresses of Intermediate Schools, making about 80 new jnembere altogether. r The Chairman called attention to the fact That the ea-rliest supporters of the college had not had the isaane privileges as those who came late' No one could speak too Ilighly of the good work accomplished by them, but by some oversight a.- those- who contributed £100 previous to 1889 were not governors, wheireas the whole of those who "contributed a similar sum after that date were. He would, therefore, propose that thei matter should be referred to the ( statutes committee. It was felt that this was a grievance, and it had alienated at least •no of the earliest supporters of the college. Mr Allanson Picton seconded the motion, which was unanimously carried.
THE NEW AMERICAN DISCOVERY.
THE NEW AMERICAN DISCOVERY. SOME REMARKABLE REPORTS FROM PERSONS WHO WERE DEAF. On several occasions mention has been made of the new method of injecting fton Aerated Medication into the internal ear and organs of respiration for the cure of deaf- ness, catarrh and diseases of the throat and lungs, and many of our readers will be pleased to learn that the new treatment is effecting many remiarkable cures in cases that had lost all hope of recovery. One of the worst cases of deafness we have ever heard of is that of Mrs Blackman, of 37, Rutland Road, Upton Park, London, and in order that those afflicted may know the true facta in the case we will give Mrs Blackman's statement in her own language, which is as follows :—"For 26 years I had profuse offensive dis- charge from both ears, 18 years was entirely deaf, people had to talk to me by signs or write it down, and had distressing noises in my head. Was treated at seven London Hospitals, attended 3 years and 6 months, but never got any bet- ter. In January, 1897, I commenced using Aerial Medication, in three weeks the dis- charge was less, and I could begin to hear. Each day I discovered strange new sounds; I never remember hearing the birds sing, and had to ask what the sound was when I heard it; had never heard my children's voices, now it is such a delight to hear them. Within three months the discharge from both ears stopped entirely, and I could hear everything perfectly." Heretofore chronic deafness has been con- sidered incurable, but such statements as the above fulltr demonstrate that a very im- portant discovery has been made, and that the very worst cases of catarrhal deafness can be restored. All interested readers can obtain full description of the discovery by writing to Dr Moore, 16B, Hart Street, Bloomsbury, London, W.C. In order that the wonderful merits of the treatment may become speedily known, medicine for three months' treatment is being sent free for a short time. u}
IWELSH MATTERS IN IPARLIAMENT.
WELSH MATTERS IN PARLIAMENT. HOLYHEAD HARBOUR AND THE PLATTERS ROCKS. In the House of Commons, on' Monday, on a vote of £1<1-,571 fdlr harbours and light- houses, Mr Herbert Lewis once more drew at- tention to the desirability of removing the Platters Rocks from the outer harbour of Holyhead. They could, he said, be removed at a cost which was variously estimated at from £100,000 to a quartet of a million, and certainly the expenditure was justified by the greater use that the mercantile marine could make of the harbour as a. place of re- fuge. He believed that a number of vessels had gone on a lee shore rather than risk the danger of getting past these rocks to the inner harbour. Mr Ritdhie replied that he had taken con- siderable interest in this question, and visited the harbour about a year ago, with a view of ascertaining for himself the exact position of the rocks, and whether this un- doubted impediment could be removed at a reasonable expense. On the general ques- tion lie confessed the was in sympathy with tthe hon. member. The presence of these rocks diminished the area. available for the harbour as a place of refuge. The hon. member had mentioned the large sum that would be involved in their removal At one time it was proposed to spend between S50,000 and 240,000 in removing a portion of the rocks, but he did not think it would be worth while to enter upon a. small ex- penditure, which would have very little re- sult beyond deepening the water over the rocks. Assuming then that greater ex- penditure would be involved, then they must endeavour to Show whether there would be corresponding advantages. The present Chancellor of the Exchequer at one time was President of the Board df Trade, and there- fore when he was approached had the ad- vantage of being familiar with the whole question.. His right hon. friend was natural- ly bound to look very narrowly at the ques- tion of texpense. Although tho question had been raised more thaji once in the House and by deputations from Holyheaid no representations had been made by the mercantile marine community to the Board of Trade on the subject. Mr Herbert Lewis said that the Liver- pool Chamber of Commerce made representa- tions some time ago. Mk- Ritchie said he believed they did. He, however, was speaking more of associations representing shipowners, and there had been no pressure from them on the matter. One of the questions put by the Board of Trade was wh either any loss of life or of shipping was attributable to these rocks, and after inquiry he had to reply that the Board, of Trade had no record of any such loss. An- other question was whether the harbour of refuge was now ever fully occupied by small craft during a gale of wind, and upon in- qual-y he was compelled to reply that fifty or sixty small vessels frequently occupied the area inside the Platters Rocks, and that the best iholding ground was fully utilised. Another question was whether, if facilities were given for large sailing vessels of 1000 tons and upwards, would small craft find room or be compelled to keep outside ? Their information was that l^-ge sailing ves- sels did Kot desire to go inside at all, that they, as a matter of fact, did not go in for shelter, being in charge df pilots, but very mucn preferred to be in the outer road, be- cause it was so much more easy for tihem to get away quickly after the gale abated. Another question was could steamers enter the harbour in safety in all weathers, and did large sailing vessels only find the en- trance difficult during westerly gales 7 And the Board's information was that ther3 was no difficulty for steamers, and no difficulty ftji" sailing vessels except in westerly gales, and that during westerly gales vessels could lie in safety in the roads outside, if pro- vided with good ground tackk. From these questions and replies the hon. member would see that there was not a strong case for the removal of the rocks so far as loss of life or shipping was concerned. After considering these points he regretted to say that they were obliged to abandon all hope of being able at present to get the money fro.11 the Treasury necessary for the removal of the rocks. There were, however, negotia- tions going on in connection with the whole question of the inner harbour which might lead to some new works being undertaken, perihapo not for the removal of the Platters Rocks, but some works of an extensive character. Until these negotiations had con- cluded he could make no further staU aent on the subject, but he could give no hope that any immediate removal of the rocks was likely. Mr Lewis was satisfied that in the c urse of time sufficient evidence would be given to justify the Government expending the money. He would be prepared to give the right hon. gentleman information as to the number of vessels which at one time had been, owing to these rock&, compelled to anchoir in the outer road. He thought tthe reason why the larger vessels preferred to anchfcr in the outer road was simply the wholesome fear of the platters Rocks which made it difficult for tihem to go in or out. He thanked the right hon. gentleman for the sympathetic tone of lhis reply, and hoped that negotiations would result in the removal of the rocks. The vote was then agreed to. THE PROPOSED TRAMWAY ON THE GREAT ORME. In the House of Commons, on Tuesday. on the order for the second reading of the Great Orme Tramway and Tramroad Bill, Mr Coghill moved" that it be read that day six months, on the ground that the bill proposed the construction of a tramway to the tcp of Orme's Head, which, he said, was not wanted. If the tramway were made it would very seriously affect the prosperity of Llandudno. The old inhabitants of Llan- dudno did not want it. and it was only pro- moted by a few for purposes of commercial profit. The cemetery of Llandudno was erected at the top of Orme's Head, and the only way to get to it was by the road on which it was proposed to make this tram- way. He need scarcely point out how un- seemly it would be to have funeral proces- sions on this road mixed up with excursion- ists, who frequented Llandudno in thou- sands during the summer. Mr J. H. Lewis thought it was obviously undesirable, if there was any serious objec- tion to the bill, that there should be de- bate. He moved that the debate be adjourn- ed for a week. Mr J. W. Lowther (chairman of Commit- tees) thought the course proposed by Mr Lewis was the right one. He had never heard of any opposition to the bill till now, and he did not think that anybody except Mr Coghill was aware that there was to be such opposition. Mr Coghill assented to the adjournment, and the debate was accordingly adjourned. TRAFFIC BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND. THE POSITION OF HOLYHEAD. In the House of Commons, on Tuesday, on the motion for the second reading of the London and North-Western Railway (Steam Vessels) Bills, Mr Field stated that the preamble of this bill set forth that the London and North- Western Railway Company were partly own- ers and partly leases under the Crown for a long term of years of the inner harbour of Holyhead, and had expended large sums of money in the extension and improvement of the harbour. In his opinion it was a most objectionable thing for railway companies to own harbours at all. He thought that pub- lic utilities should not be owned by private companies, and he put it to the House that when railway companies were granted cer- tain monopolies at the beginning of their career it was never contemplated that they should own harbours. The London and North-Western Railway Company had a practical monopoly of the traffic between Ei.gland and Ireland, that was to say they controlled the traffic between London and Dublin. He contended that that was an exceptional position that should not be al- lowed to any railway company. The fact Was that this state of things would not be allowed if the railway interests did not ab- solutely rule the House of Commons. He remembered that last session there was a. debate on this question, and it was closured on the motion of an hon. member who was a director of the London and North-Western Railway Company. Lt was nothing less than a public scandal that a railway director should be permitted to closure the House of Commons when the conduct of his railway was under consideration (hear, hear). As an amendment to the motion, he moved—"It is undesirable that permanent powers be granted to the London and North-Western Railway Company, as sought by this bill." Sir W. H. Houldsworth (a director of the London and North-Western Railway Co.) said he had had difficulty in discovering what was the real objection to the bill In 1348 the company were granted the powers now demanded, and those powers had been from time to time renewed, the only differ- ence between this and former bills being that the company now asked that the po- wers should be perpetual instead of for a term of years. Similar powers had been granted to every other company, and he saw no reason why the London and North-West- ern Company should be denied them, the powers being really intended not so much for the benefit of the shareholders as for the benefit of th3 public. Mr J. Redmond objected that this was an attempt on the part of the company to create an absolute monopoly in the traffic between England and Ireland (Irish cheers). At pre- sent th3 company had a monopoly so far as Holyhead was concerned, but not from Holy- head to Dublin. It was feared that in case the perpetual powers now sought were grant- ed they would be used to crush out the old- established Irish Steampacket Company. Mr Macartney, on behalf of the Govern- ment, pointed out, in answer to Mr Red- mond, that so far as regarded passenger traf- fic, competition between the London and North-Western and the CXty of Dublin Steampacket Company would always be un- der the control of the House, and that, so far as general cargo was concerned, the two companies did not compete. The two com- panies were on most amicable terms so far as this bill was concerned. The City of Dublin Company was under no apprehension such as was felt by hon. members opposite. Everv exertion was being made to increase connection between England and Ireland, and especially to promote tourist arrange- ments. Was the action of the Irish mem- bers likely to encourage these arrangements ? What had the Lordon and North-Western Railway Company done for Ireland? They had spent in Holyhead alone over a million of money, but no other company interested in Irish trade had spent anything like that sum to promote communication between the two countries. He submitted to the House that the gentlemen opposite had no substan- tial ground for the position they had taken up, and that it was not in the interests of any class in Ireland to place any impediment in the way of the investment of capital by trading companies in their own country. Mr P. O'Brien contended that the London and North-Western Company were really the masters of the Government. He had ex- pected that the Government would have listened to Irish opinion, and not have thrown their weight in with the London and North-Western Company. He was not sim- ple enough to believe that the London and North-Western Company went to Ireland simply to please the Irish people. They went there for their owe, interests, and this fact should not be lost sight of. The Lon- don and North-Western Company were not only the mail carriers to Holyhead, but also the mail carriers between Dublin and North Wall, and if the result of Parliament giving them the perpetual powers asked for was to run the City of Dublin Co. out of existence, then the London and North-Western would have really an additional monopoly. It was a mistake to give any company perpetual powers. This particular question was really one for the taxpayers of both countries, be- cause it involved the question whether the London and North-Western should have a monopoly. The house divided, when there voted- For the second reading 97 Against 51 Maioritv for 46 THE EDUCATION QUESTION. MR LLOYD-GEORGE'S MOTION. The evening sitting of the House of Com- mons, on Tuesday, began with a curious demonstration. The whipping of Mr Lloyd- George's resolution had been so thorough that there was a very full attendance on the Liberal side of the House—rows of crowded benches, filled with hilarious and high-spirit- ed members. On the other side were two men—Sir John Gorst and Mr Cripps-who sat quite alone for a considerable time. Then came in Sir William Harcourt, greeted with loud cheers by the Liberals. It was a re- gular Liberal field-day, and looks as if on education, at any rate, there was a strong Liberal revival. Mr Lloyd-George led off with a strong and skilful speech, well backed by Mr A. E. Hutton. Sir John Gcrst, who never fails to sur- prise and hold when he speaks on his own subject, replied from the Tory side. He would not admit that there is a religious question. It is only a platform fiction: it does not exist in the schools. He attempted to turn attention to other-really cognate— sides of the picture—to the inefficiency of the town Voluntary School, the drudgery of the pupil teachers, the absenteeism and ir- regularity of the children, and the stravation of those who attend. It was a bad picture, and the House was visibly moved by the force and vigour with which he drew it. But it was a "boomerang" speech for it abound- ed in fatal admissions. Sir John Gorst even admitted that the religious teaching in Beard Schools was often better than in Voluntary Schools. Sir William Harcourt naturally caught hold of the speech, and worried it in a very amiable, but trenchant, fashion. These were the results of the present system per- petuated by the Government in order to save Voluntary Schools from competition Mr Balfour had come in while Sir John Gorst was speaking, and he looked far from happy. Then came Mr Ernest Gray with lÙ, clever balancing between support of the Govern- ment and liberalism in education—Mr Car- trell Williams, as the spokesman of dissent— and Mr Yoxall, denouncing the tests in training colleges. An interesting debate ended with a curious little speech from Mr Knox, arguing the Tory side. Then came the division—for the resolu- tion, 101; against, 183; majority, 82. Our readers will be interested in a full report of Mr Lloyd-George's speech :— Mr Lloyd-George rose to call attention to the subject of public education, and to move —"That, in the opioii of this House, it is essential to a just and efficient system of national education that there should be with- ifl reach of every child ir England and Wales a public elementary school under local re- presentative management; and that there should abo be provided increased facilities for the training of teachers in colleges free from sectarian control." He said he re-
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