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THE COLLEGE FARM.

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THE COLLEGE FARM. Principal Reichel brought before the Court the question of the fund of JS5000 for the stocking and equipment of tihe College farm at Lledwigan. The college had under- taken, to raise that sum before the end of the ion to meet the Drapers' Company offer inf B1000. „ A statement relative to the farm sohemo 1 was submitted, from which we extract the ¡ the following:—1 In order to enable the students to see as much practical fawning as possible, it has Mtherto been arranged each session that they should visit from time to time some of the more important farms in the neighbour- hood, kindly placed by the owners at the disposal of the college for this purpose It is obvious, however, that the practical m- struction in agriculture thus given could not in the nature of things be as continuous and effective as if the college itself had control I of a farm upon whidh the students of the Department could reside, and thus see farm- ing operations from day to day. Thus the fstabLisbm^rvt of a. college farm has from the beginning been a prominent feature in the. soheme of Agricultural Education which tho college authorities hoped in time to realise. The necessity for orgatuising on a carefully considered basis, and for testing by the re- sults of experience, the work of the theoretical classes in the college and the ex- tension work throughout North Wales, nevertheless made it difficult for some time to give this question the attention it de- served. Within the last few yea'rs, however, it has been increasingly felt by the college authorities that the provision of a farm was of vital importance to the success of the m- .collcge work, a view which was also taken 'by many friends of .the college practically concerned in agriculture and interested an 11 the welfare of the Agricultural Department. Accordingly the matter was in 1895 taken in Jituid, but owing to the necessity of await- ing a vacancy upon a farm, both convenient in situation and thoroughly suitable in char- acter, it is only within the last few months that the college has been enabled to gain its object. The, aim df the college in secur- ing a farm has from the first been to illus- trate experimentally the theoretical teaching given in the in-CoIlege Agricultural Depart- ment. It is proposed, therefore, to use tihe farm (1) as a practising sahool for the stud- ents taking the in-college diploma coursc, WI!}O for a. considerable part of this course will live on or near the farm under the supervision of ,the Professor of Agriculture (2) as a permanent experimental station twh,cre scientific experiments in agriculture fcan be carried out over a long series of years (3) as a dairy farm where the fixed Wa ry woirk of the Anglesey and OarnaTvon- > fchd re Dairy School may be carried on. For this purpose the college /has taken from Sir Hiehard Williams- Bulkeley, Bart., Lord- Xieutenant of Anglesey, on a lease of twenty- one years (terminable by the tenants at Keren and fourteen years) and at a rent of > £ 4S5, Lledwigan, a farm of three hundred iand fifty-eight acres. scheme of management has been ad- apted iby the agricultural education com- mittee and by the council of the college, un- <lor which the Professor of Agriculture re- sides at the farm and is its head ami man- ager. At the same time a small «"b-com- tural educate experience, ttnStoTwith tKe settlmg of «B general h^tio'flnected with j* labour), .#*»*,?& ST^- corned. With the BUIKOW*' »f<? the control of tlhe fairm finances. posed that all the candidates for the P,. igiven by the college at the end of the fc.r? two years' course shall in future r during one year of their course upon or near the farm. From the time at which it first suggested that a college farm inigM ,)e on foot, the Board of Agriculture have „,rrly urged the desirability of this de- lprnent, and all the steps which have been subsequently taken have met with the icordlal approval of the Board. As the re- sult of an a,pplication made to tihem for an nnnual grant towards the maintenance of the farm as an experimental and educational bfmtre. the Board have made a grant of £ 200 for the year endins March 30th, 1898, ■which it is expected will be, annually re- Hewed. For the stocking and equipping of the farm, a sum of, at the very least, jMOOO lis estimated to be necessary. As the result tlf an application made to tihem by the col- lege, the Worshipful Com-ninv of Drapers fcavo madie a ijrant of B1000 for this pur- pose on condition that an addltiona.1 fund £ 3000 is raised by the collecre before the end of the present session. This condition •>as^ ho.en accented by the college, and the Hyrioiltural education committee have ap- ,P(); pointed a special committee to issue- an ap- peal for subscriptions towards the fund. Mr W. Ratihbone said that he was cognisant of this matter from the commence- nilnt, having had the honour of being re- presentative nine or ten years ago. The Government proposed to appropriate the sum of JE5000 for the promotion of agricul- tural education in the- Kingdom, and strange to say that for some time it appeared as if the agricultural interest was going to be entirely ignored. For small as the sum was it was not all applied for, and the first of the bodies to see the importance of the matter was the college of North Wales (hear, hear). They applied to the Government, and were able to show that sudh was the readiness of the Welsh farmers to adopt new modes, that they were ready if the Govern- toaent only supported them to make North Wales the model of agricultural education for the Kingdom. The promise was warm- ly taken up, and1 North Wales had entirely fulfilled it. The Welsh farmers had enabled the college to make North Wales a model of agricultural education, and now the neigh- boivring counties of England were following their example. So far, however, North Wales was decidedly m advance of any other Wales was decidedly m advance of any other part of the Kingdom in their use of the ad- vantages given them. The English farmers were rather slow to take up any new ideas, and ridiculed the idea that the Welsh could teach them. They should not, however, claim the whole merit of having awakened the English farmers, became he had had a kind of lesson which was more apt to under- 'stand, and that was the practical result, which brought about the conversion of the Welsh farmer to the idea that lie had some- thing to learn such lessons as Denmark had taught. This was the most remarkable in- stance of bringing home the results of educa- tion, for 30 years ago Denmark was the most, backward country in all Europe in agriculture, whereas it was now at the head bf the agricultural world. The agricultural education of Denmark commenced with a model farm, which was taken up by the schools and the colleges. Wales began from the other end necessarily, and they could 'only hope that the people would crown their edifice by supporting the, steps which the college had taken in adding the farm and providing practical means of teaching the principles of agriculture. They hoped the Welsh landlords and capitalists would be determined as the Welsh farmer, not to be ruined by the Danish people, who brought their goods—cheaper and better than their own—ito their very doors. They should faither endeavour to compete with the Dan- ish farmers at least on their own ground. Self preservation, patriotism and duty, all said that it was high time for them to awake out ,of their sleep, otherwise not the salva- tion but the destruction of agriculture would be the inevitable result of delay (hear, hear). Principal Reichel said that the object of the college in establishing this educational and experimental farm was to make their agricultural department thoroughly complete and efficient. The farm had been taken and stocked for exactly the same reason for which the laboratories had been built and Equipped, to illustrate and give concrete reality to the theoretical teaching in the first place, and in the second, to make it possible for experiments to be carried on under conditions of accurate control and ob- servation, which might lead to results of permanent value. The question of the col- lege farm in short was involved in the ques- tion of the agricultural department. If It was desirable to have an agricultural department, that was to have a system of higher agricultural edu- cation, then it was desirable to have a col- lege farm. If the first was unnecessary, the second was not wanted. There were two reasons why organised agricultural education was desirable. (1) It was now universally admitted that skilled industries required, if they were to be carried on with the highest efficiency, a preparatory system of technical education of a broad kind, in which the principle was substituted for a rule of thumb. For years past Great Britain had been Supinely relying on her former manufactur- ing supremacy, but Ae was at length awakening to the fact that other nations had begun to beat her on her own ground, and the cause of this lay in their system of technical education; that the schoolmaster was abroad with a vengeance, and that it was high feme he made his appearance at home (laughter). One could hardly take up a newspaper without seeing that this lesson had at last been learnt. He need only point out to the remarkable special article which appeared in the "Times" last Monday; that the feeling of anyone who visited Continental Schools, with his eyes open, must be that of the Miarnchester merchant, who said pub- licly on his return from aibroad, that what he had seen in Germany filled him with positive terror. Now, he would only ask, was agriculture the easiest and most simple of all the manual occupations ? What did Continental countries think ? They had come with one accord to the conclusion that it was the very reverse, that Its problems were often most complicated and difficult, problems be it remembered on the solution of which depended not merely the prosperity of the greatest national industries, but in a large measure the physical and mental stamina of the race, for it was the country •which br2odeA men not the city (hear, hear). If they were inclined to look down upon the Continent with trule British pride, what about America? Every American State had, at least, one great station of agricul- tural education, experimental supported by State Government on the sumptuous scale which Americans carry out any principle in which they believe. The Britisn Govern- which they believe. The British Govern- ment was so impressed, by the American Agricultural Institutions last summer, that they were making a special recommendation to the British Government in favour of similar stations in this country. A great na- tional work of educational instruction was now going on in the Principality, which must profoundly affect the future of tho country. Nothing like it, in the judgment of one of the first educational authorities of the day, Mr D. R. Fearon, the secretary of the Charity Commissioners, had been seen in Europe in modern times. Had they thought what would be the inevitable result it in tnis construction or re-construction, ttgriculture, the greatest of their industries, the nursery of their population, was left out in the cold. So wide was the net which the educational system threw out that in a few years it would be well (nigh impossible for any an insignificant pronortlon of the clever boys and girls of Wales to escape be- ing swept into it. Once immersed they would, be carried on through a course of training which, when finished, would turn them out fitted for any branch of active life rather than agricuiture. in other WOrds their educational system would act like a SvS' T o™ +T Tefully re™ove all the ability from the most important and most hard pressed of all our industries, leaving it to be carried on by the residue thus pro- ducing a gigantic -system of what might be called the survival of the unfitted (laughter) A great agricultural authority, the ° other day, said that if agriculture was to revive they must put more brains into the laud. The tendency he had described would be to take out of the land what brains might be already in Alljthis, too, at a time when land "Was going out of cultivation in parts of England, and when the competition which had brought this about was increasing not diminishing, as new regions of food supply were opened up, the means of communica- tion were improved and cheapened, and the skill and intelligence of the foreign agricul- turist developed, by elaborate systems of technical education for the maintenance of which foreign Governments srudsred no ex- pense. The Principal then said that he had visited the Danish Agricultural Schools at Lyngsby, near Copenhagen, where he saw an example of what was, perhaps, the most perfect system of agricultural education in Europe, which was the result of the patriotic action of the Danish people, soon after the war thirty years ago. That system which had now become so perfect began the movement, which had created the most com- plete national system of agricultural schools and colleges which existed in Europe, and the effect of which, so far as the British farmers were concerned, was visible in the shops of every market town in North Wales. Referring to the generous offer of the Drapers' Company, Principal Reichel said that about B1000 had already been raised, and that morning he had received a promise of L50 from Mr Samuel Smith, M.P. (ap- plause). The college felt that it was engaged in a work of enormous importance to the future of the country, and on the decision they would take upon this matter would de- pend whether the great educational system they were engaged in was to be a one-sided a,, one or not (hear, hear). Mr Owen Williams, Glanycoed, Ruthin, proposed a resolution expressing satisfaction with the scheme and pledging the court to use every endeavour to meet the conditions laid down by the Drapers' Company. At the same time he did not feel certain that the farm chosen was in the right spot, be- cause they wanted a farm which would grow everything. Lbdwigan was a splendid place for root crops, and hay, and oats, but they required something which would be more of a technical farm. He hoped the time was not far distant when they would be able to get another farm, and he hoped, further, that the young students would l-e tailght to work hard. The older farmers had been obliged to work from five in the morning until ei^ht or nine o'clock at night, and it should be understood that work was required or the land as well as brains (laughter and applause). They should also put more heart and spirit in the young people. The farmers in the Vale of Clwyd ware driven almost to th.) verge of ruin and had lost all heart, and this was a thing which would have to be I remedied (hear, hear). Mr Allanson Picton, in seconding, said he bad been deeply impressed with the in- terest taken m the matter, and felt sure the remarks of Air Rathbone and Principal Reichel wrould prompt generous aid towards this institution. It would be difficult to find a plot of ground which would grow every- thing, but the possibility of acquiring an- other farm had been suggested, and he hoped the prognostication would be fulfilled (hear, hear). I Mr Rathbone said he had been impressed with what had been said. He had post- poned going abroad in order to be present at that meeting which he considered so important, for their salvation depended upon the fact that they should place themselves in the van and not in the rear of agricultural education. They had had every encourage- ment from Mr Tate, who had been a most liberal promoter of education in Wales (hear, hear). He had said he would give £ 250 to- wards this movement, and that he would increase it to B500 if necessary. Tbey wanted all their Welsh landlords and capital- ists who were personally interested to follow his example. He felt sure the Welsh farmers and quarrymen, and the working- men generally would do their part and place .11 themselves at the head of the educational movement of the country (applause). Sir Edmund H. Verney also approved of the scheme, and pointed out that greater strides were being made in Canada than in Denmark even, and that the result was an immediate pecuniary benefit to the farmer. The resolution was then put and carried, and the chairman being obliged to leave, the Ven. Archdeacon Pryce was elected to the chair on the motion of Mr Cadwaladr Davies, who expressed a. hope that Mr Rathbone's sojourn abroad would benefit him. Mr Abraham Foulkes, of Abergele, moved that the local governing bodies of the follow- ing districts be appointed committees with power to add to their number, for organising tlip fund. namely. Bangor, Llangefni, Car- narvon, Hlanrwst, Denbigh, Mold, Wrexham, Beaumaris, Conway, Holyhead, St. Asaph, Welshpool, and Pwllheli.—-This was seconded by Mr Simon Jones, Wrexham and a rider was added on the suggestion of Mr Cad- waladr Davies to the effect that it be part of the duties of the local committees to call attention to the new provisions of the charter with regard to the -representation, and instructed to organise subscribers into electoral groups for the purposes of represen- tation. This, he believed, would tend to create a greater interest in the matter inas- much as the subscribers would be more directly represented. The motion was put to the meeting and carried. PROMOTION. Mr W. Lewis Jones, M.A., lecturer ill English, was appointed professor of that subject.

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