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WORKMEN'S TOPICS.
WORKMEN'S TOPICS. BY MRW. ABRAHAM, M.P. (MABON). THE EIGH r HOURS' QUESTION. In that excellent-toned letter of our friend and t'jolleague, Mr D. Morgan, Aberdare, there were a -lumber of remarks raising issues not directly bearing upon the principal points in the question 4t issue, which vyeshall not stop to discuss for the present. Probably we shall not touch them at all < not compelled to do so. And, before dealing ^ith our friend's questions which we may not Answer seriatim, but deal with, never- theless, in a way that will, we hope, live satisfaction, allow us to call his Attention to the following in his letter :—"But .ince then we have been perfectly taught that the Jaw of eight hours must apply to every Individua:, and not a body of workmen as such, tad that no person shall enter a pit before tha Sommencement of the eight hours, and such i person must be up before the end of the iaid eight hours. So the time of lowering •lie men and the time of raising them must be Within the eight hours." The first of Mr Mor- fcan's series of questions is plainly based upon this Joinewhat confused statement. We will readily \dmit that both the statement and question arise from a misconception of the Bill, coupled with an bver-anxiety to save the workmen from destruc- tion." Nevertheless, both are incorrect. If Mr "Morgan had stopped when he said that the law 'if eight hours must apply to every individual, Ind not to a body of workmen as such," ha Would have correctly understood the Bill. Beyond ^hat he has not correctly represented it. The Bill simply deals with the individual and not frith the collective body. The Bill, as it new A',tiids, does not stipulate that all the men must down together within the same hour or half- »our, or any time that is required to put them iown. All the Bill says is, that if a certain individual should go down a shaft, say at 130 a.m., that he should be up again at 2 30 p.m., ? any corresponding time. That is the Bill Jure and simple, and ib says nothing- else. It "Ices not say that everybody else must be up -'¡hat same time, nor that same hour. All Use is a matter of arrangement between employer tod workmen. The cardinal principle by which ihey must safeguard is that the individual is not -*> be more than eight hours from bank to bank. We know, like our friends, that it would be ^practicable over any length of time to take 'ilen up in precisely the same order that they Went down. But it would not be impracticable 'or the men working in one side of a colliery, or tne seam in a colliery, to be put down in, say. "he first quarter of an hour, the other the second, fttid to come up again, as a rule, in the same fcrder, And even if this was in some places (Sound impracticable, inasmuch as this question, ike that of the boys under 16 years of age, ander the present Act, must be a matter of Arrangement. We have no fear that when the litne comes but what men among employers and Workmen will be found practical enough to settle The question from a mean or medium point and not from maximums and extremes. We Mil explain the point by calling attention to the -y which Mr Edward Jones, Varteg, dealt with this question before the Royal Commission on Labour; and please observe the different effect this Bill would have on the present state of things by simply dealing with it in a fair and Pro,etical way. We believe, also, that no man appreciates Mr Jones's practical way of putting things generally more than Mr Morgan. It is Well known that Mr Jones is an opponent, or at least does not profess to bean exponent, of the eight hours' movement, so it cannot be said that he is prejudiced in its favour, but to the contrary. His prejudices, if he has any, would be the other way. He, however, in answer to questionsputtohim by us on the Labour Commission, and, speaking of the hours that men are in the collieries in his dis- trict, said The maximum, I think, would be 54 the winding is, as I have told you, 51 hours, and we add to that half-an-hour each day for the ttien being in the pit. They commence at half- Past 6, and they are supposed to be all down at ?; that gives a mean average of a quarter to 7 «very morning, and at night they commence cortfing up at half-past 4 and finish at 5. That would make an average of quarter to 5, which would give 54 hours per week from bank to bank that is the maximum." Mr Jones, by taking a practical and common-sense view of the matter, ba.ses his calculations on a mean average," and so reduces the extremes by quarter of an hour each way, or half-an-hour per day. It is evident, In our opinion, that this is the only rational Way in which the hours can be fixed, and bY adopting a "mean average" Mr Jones deduced the difference between the present state Of things in the South Monmouthshire collieries, and what they would be under the proposed Sight Hours' Bill to exactly one hour a day. An extremist or an alarmist—be it understood that these terms are not applicable to my friend- Would calculate the h urs from the time the first taan went down to the time the last man came iip, and so make it count nine and a half hours instead of nine. But inasmuch as it is found impracticable to raise men up in Exactly the same order as they were put down, Illis way of calculating becomes impracticable and also unnecessary. It may be urged here, again, that it does not Necessarily follow that because they are able to Put a pit full of men up and down the pits 1n Monmouthshire within the hour that the same could be done in Glamorgan- shire pits where so aiany more men are supposed to be engaged. In answer to this we say that we have reason to believe that in the two pits which Mr Jones dealt with, but did not mention, the number of men em- Ployed therein are about the average number employed in the collieries of Monmouthshire and South Wales. Were that not so, however, we have other instances that the same is done in some of our largest pits in the Principality. Our friend, Mr'D. A. Thomas, M.P., in that same speech that we have already quoted from, said "On Saturdays we work in my colliery eight hours from bank to bank, leaving about seven hours for winding." Thus, again, proving that the bank-to-bank condition of the Bill would hot reduce the winding time more than an hour from what it nominally is at present in the konmotithshire and South Wales districts. For if this is what is done in Mr Thomas's colliery, Which gives work to about the largest number Of workmen of any in South Wales, we see no Reason why it could not be done at all others. We kuow of no better two men in the Principality to tefer our friend Mr Morgan to on the question of 1t')w much time it takes on an average in the Monmouthshire and South Wales collieries for ^3n to be lowered into the pits, to walk to and ,r°m their working places, and to be raised then tI,ut of the pits again. The first of these authori- tIe" says that it is done "in an hour," and the ^ther in about: an hour." If that is so, it meets Mr Morgan's contention, for he, if we ,?rrectiy understand him, is in favour of reducing ,he time for winding by one hour—by from nine -°urs' winding to eight hours' winding; and if it not so, we sen no reason why conditions should be enforced that would bring it easily *!thin that hour, if not less. We go further j^d say, if under present conditions it is even only within about the hour, it is quite tthin the range of possibility that it should be on0 in much less time. We cannot agree that tUngs must be taken as they are, and not as they be. That may be tolerable from a coal- ^ner's standpoint, but not from that of wolk- ,tens tribunes. He that alleges that things tr T*1 'Je taken as they are and not as they ought bti" admits also that, there is a difference things as they are and as they ought to r he it great or °niall. We believe there is oin for considerable improvement in aiding- and fra underground workmen to and tj tn their working places in much less than they are obliged to do it Present. We believe also that it would be icn to the advantage of employers and work- was done. We think that we can t6lr' y prove thnt Mr D Morgan is of much the le opinion as ourselves on this point.
Musical and Eisteddfodic
Musical and Eisteddfodic BY MAElGWYN. The Bandsmen's Field Day. The third annual contest, held under the auspices of the South Wales Brass Band Associa- tion, will t:ke place at Penydarren Park, Merthyr, next Monday. If tho weather be unfavourable the competition will be decided in the Drill-hall. Unfortunately, the famous band from Ferndale will be absent. They have for a long time been unable to compete, owing to some of the old players having left, and although new men have now taken their places, the rules of the association forbid any man playing for a band unless he has been a member for three months previous to the day of battle. Hence, Ferndale will be unable to make a bid for any prizes until the date of the National Eisteddfod. Neverthe- less, there will be no lack of bands at Merthyr on Monday, for the list of entries contains no fewer than 16 name?. In the chief competi- tion there are four prizes of the fetal value of £ 32,. and the winner of the first prise will hold for the year the great Prototype Challenge Cup of the value of 50 guineas. Added to the money prizes is a splendid B flat solo trombone and two silver medals. The test piece is Henry Round's arrange- ment of a selection from Verdi. The following bands have entered, viz. :—Aberman, Blaina- Lancaster, Dowlais Town, Llanelly Town, Merthyr, Morriston, Sguborwen, and Ystalyfera. Four prizes of the total value of C25 He offered in the second competition—intended for young bands-and here again there are eight entries, viz.: —Aberavon, Abercanaid, Abertillery, Pontar- dawe, Pontlottyn, Pontyberem, Trebanog, and Vochriw (Dowlais). Some of the bands in this latter list have never before been heard of, while in the first list it will be seen that the names of two or three bands generally regarded as second- class appear. Both these facts tell the same tale, namely that the bands have made much progress within the last year or two, that they have gained confidence in their own ability. The progress noticeable in all directions, and for which the much- abused association must be held responsible in some degree, has almost revolutionised several of our bands. Just now many of them are going in for tuition on the North of England system. Eminent bandmasters from the North have been, and are being, engaged to give the bands lessons before they go into the contest-field, and in some cases the trainers are also engaged for the day of competition. This movement is of course costly, but its usefulness is beyond question, and it has already had the effect of placing in the front rank -1 ban -s that a few years ago were unknown to all but a few, and whose playing was thought of I with a shudder. Everything points to the fact that Monday next will be a red-letter day in the history of South Wales bands, for not only will the number of competitors be the largest ever known, but the quality of the various perform- ances is certain to show a marked improvement upon anything hitherto heard. Bridgend Eisteddfod. It is unfortunate that the great band contest should clash with the Bridgend Eisteddfod,but the same thing happened last year and the year before, and so far as can be made out the eistedd- fod committee are themselves to blame. They refused to recognise the association two years ago, and the association forthwith proceedeet to show that it could do without them. This year the band contest and the Bridgend Eisteddfod will be sufficiently attractive to warrant the friends of both in predicting for them a great success. I have dealt with the band contest, A few words on the Bridgend venture may not be out of place. The chief prize is one of £ 100 offered for the best interpretation of "Thanks be to God," and it is satisfactory to know that the anticipated walk over for the Merthyr Choir is not to take place. All the other choirs that competed at. Porth are busily, rehearsing for the great day at Pontypridd, when they will fight their battles over again. But for reasons which can be readily understood, the victors at Porth are not following this excellent example. At Bridgend they will be opposed by I Neath and by Taibach, and a capital contest is expected. But far and away the most attractwefea. ture of the eisteddfod will be the male voice choral competition, in which for the first time since the Swansea Eisteddfod the Rhondda Glee Society and Pontycymmer will meet. Inasmuch as both these choirs have resolved to compete at Chicago, an extraordinary amount of interest will centre round their meeting on Monday. The test piece will be "The Tyrol," the wonderfully descriptive composition with the rendering of which the first-named choir completely electrifiad the audience at Porth. If that truly glorious performance can be improved upoti-well, it will be worth the longest journey to Bridgend to listen to. In the second choral competition there are five entries, and a similar number of juvenile choirs will compete for tae prize of £10. I am bound to say that our drum and fife bands have by no means shown a due appreciation of the efforts made by the committee in their behalf. There are two prizes of the respective value of £8 and £ 4, and the test piece is not at all beyond the capabilities of a fairly good band. Moreover, a specialist in the person of Mr Tom Griffiths, Llansamlet, has been engaged as adjudicator. And yet only five bands have entered. Where are the other two dozen bands that could be named ? They have certainly not done what was expected of them. For the smaller competitions there is a splendid entry. The soprano soloists number eight, while the contraltos—mark this, ye boycotters-will muster fourteen. The tenors are one more than the con- traltos and the basses, as usual, are as numerous as tenors and altos together. There are eleven duet entries and a dozen piano soloists. In the two recitation competitions there are 48 entries.
v-NOT UP TO DATE.
v- NOT UP TO DATE. FATHEB Tommy, I heard you had a whipping last week at> school. TOMMY Oh, the news was a long time reaching you. I knew all about it last week,
— ....i 'Expert Testimony.
— Expert Testimony. Counsel (for defence, to defence expert) You have heard Dr. Ptomaines say that the woman, immediately after her death, lay quite still on the bed. Do you believe that this could have been true under the circumstances ? Expert: I do not. In all mv experience I have not known a corpse that acted'in that way. The statement is absurd contrary to the latest de- velopments of science. Counsel: You also heard this doctor say that the colour white is white. Is that true ? Expert It is false, ridiculous. According to latest discoveries of science, this colour, when analyzed and properly tested, is a deep black. Counsel: 1 he witness who preceded you also stated that when the woman was lying in he? bed she was in a horizontal position. What do you think of this testimony ? Expert: It is on a par with the rest—absurd. If it is true, as has been testified, that the woman was lying down, the only possible conclusion is that she was in a perpendicular position.
Parliamentary History of Cardiganshire.
Parliamentary History of Cardiganshire. LJh W. R. WILLIAMS, SOLICITOR, TALYBe:1T.] 1865.—Sir Thomas Davies Lloyd, Bart., of Bronwydd, eldest son of Thomas Lloyd, of Brcn- wydd (High Sheriff, 1814), born May, 1820, m. Dec., 1846, Henrietta Mary, dau. of George Reid, of Watlington, Oxfordshire, and Jamaica, was for some time an officer in the 15th Light Dragoons, served as High Sheriff of the county 1851, and having been created a baronet Jan., 1S63, was M.P. for the county 1855-8, and for the borough of Cardigan 1868-74. Sir Thomas died July, 1877, when he was succ. by his only son the present baronet, Sir Marteine Owen Mowbray Lloyd, who was born 1851, and was High Sheriff of the county 1831. This family is descended from Martin de Tours, a Norman, who came over with the Conqueror, and became, by con- quest, Palatine Baron of a large district in Pem- brokeshire, called Cemaes or Kernes, cxercising within his territory, subject to feudal homage to the King, all the Jura Regalia which at that I period appertained to the crown of the English monarch." (Burke.) The barony of Kemes then passed through successive marriages to the I families of Audley, Owen, of Henllvs, and Lloyd, of Penpedwest, whose dau. and heiress conveyed it to her husband, Thomas Lloyd, of Bronwydd (a descendant of the ancient Lords of Dyfed), whose great grandson was the above-mentioned Sir Thomas Davies Lloyd, who held" the barony and lordship of Kemes by the same tenure, and exercised the Jura Regalia and peculiar privi- leges which his ancestor. Marteine de Turribus, did in the time of the Conqueror. The lordship is 50 miles in circumference, and each farm m it pays a chief rent to the owner of Bronwydd, who used annually to appoint the mayor of New- port, and who was obliged to walk tho boundaries every five years, a task which generally occupied a week." (Burke.) 1868.—Evan Matthew Richards, of Brook- lands, Swansea. He sat for the county 1868-74, when he lost his seat, and was a J.P., Co. Cardi- gan, and J.P. and D.L., Glamorganshire. Mr Richards married, 1344, Maria, daughter of James Sloane, and died 1880. 1874.-Thomas Edward Lloyd, of Coedmore, who defeated the late member, E. M. Richards, by 1,850 to 1,605. He was the eldest son of Thomas Lloyd, of Coedmore, Lord-Lieutenant of the county (who died 1857), was born 1820, and married, 1850, Clemena Frances Phillott. second daughter of Rev. David Daniel. Mr Lloyd was educated at Ru^by, entered the Middle Temple January, 1839, and was called to the bar by that honourable society November, 1844, and was a J.P. for Cos. Cardigan and Carmarthen, and patron of one living. He sat for the county 1874-80, when he in his turn was defeated. 1880, — Lewis Pugh Pugh, of Abermaed, de- feating T. E. Lloyd, of Coedmore, by 2,406 to 1,605. Second sonof John Evans, of Love«grove, by the dau. of Lewis Pllg-h, he was born Aug.. 1837, educated at Winchester College, and graduated B.A., 1859, and M. A., 1861, at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, became a student of Lincoln's Inn Jan., 1860, where he was called to the bar Nov., 1862, and practised soma time before the High Court of Calcutta. He married I March, 1864, Veronica Harriet, dau. of James Hills, of Neeciiindepore, Bengal, and assumed the surnama of Pugh in lieu of his patronymic under the will of his uncle, Lewis Pugh, in 186S. Mr Pugh Pugh was M.P. for the couuty 1880-5, of which he is a J.P. and D.L. 1885.—David Davies, of Broneirion, Llan- dinam, who defeated Matthew Lewis Vaughau Davie?, of Tanybwlcb, by 5,967 to 3,644. J He was the son of David and Elizabeth Davies, was born 1818, educated at Llandinam School, and married in 1851 Margaret, daughter of Edward Jones, of Llaufair. He was a very successful railway contractor, and became afterwards an extensive colliery proprietor, chairman of the T-landinam School Board, a director of the Brecon and Merthyr, Pembroke and Tenby, Manchester and Milfoid, and Cambrian Railways, and vice-chairman of the Barry Dock and Rail- way Company, and wa. a J.P. for Montgomery- shire, and a J.P. and D.L. for county Cardigan. He sat for Cardigan 1874-85, and for the county in 1885-6, when his defeat at the poll was one of the surprises of the General Election of that year. Mr Davies, whose prosperous career and generous philanthropy made his name a household name in Wales, died a year or two ago. 1886.—Wm. Bowen Rowlands, Q.C., of Glen- inare, Broadhaven, Pembrokeshire, who defeated David Davies, of Llandinam, by 4,252 to 4,243, or a majority of nine votes, eldest son of Thomas Rowlands, of Gle-nover, eo. Pembroke, born 1S36, graduated M.A. at^Jesus College, Oxon, became a student of Gray's Inn, October, 1C68, obtained a tirst-class certificate of honour Michaelmas, 1870. and was called to the Bar January, 1871, went. the South Wales circuit, and was made a Queen's Counsel January, 1882, and a. Bencher of Gray's Inn April, 1884, and a member of the Councii on Legal Education. He was revising barrister for Cardiganshire for some years previous to 1884, is a J.P. for Pembroke- shire and Haverfordwest, and has sat for Cardi- ganshire since 1886, having bean re-elected July, 1892, when he defeated Wm. Jones by 5,249 to 3,273 votes. The registered number of electors for the county were 2,723 m 1858, and 4,361 in 1875, which had increased in ItS7 to 12,385.
ARCHÆOLOGiCAL DISCOVERIES…
ARCHÆOLOGiCAL DISCOVERIES NEAR CHEPSTOW. A Roman Camp at Woolaston. Other archaeological discoveries have been made in the neighbourhood of Chepstow within the last few days. After further assuring himself as to the last of these, namely, a large unrecorded Roman camp at Plusterwine, Woolaston, Mr W. H. Greene dares to assert his opinion that he has now blown the Otfa's Dyke" theory to the winds, and that local antiquaries, whether they like it or not, will have eventually to give up their preconceived notions and prejudices, and accept instead the establishment of a regular sequence of Roman camps on both sides of the lower course of the Wye with the great lines of ramparts, which till now have been accepted as the work of the Saxon Offa, as a Roman work. One of the local antiquaries referred to ques- tioned whether the double wells at Tutshill really are double: but Mr Greene, after finding exactly the same construction on his discoveries at Tidenham Chase and at Plusterwine on the Gloucestershire side of the Wye, and on the summit of the Wyndcliff, on the^Monmouthshire side of the Wye, and after finaing that Roman articles have been dug up close to such double wells, on both sides of the Wye, writes asfollows: The line of ramparts on the summit of the rocks at Tidenham Chase is known among the country people by the name of Lan's Dyke," not as "Ona/s." I claim that it is of Roman construction, thrown up at least five or six hun- dred years before the reign of the Saxon Otfa. Let me cite my witnesses in support of this I assertion. Close to the camp which I discovered at Tutshill, the late Mr W. Æ. Seys, J.P., found by the side of Deadman's-lane a refuse heap, con- taining fragments of ainphone, urns, etc., and a lad named Wyatt, living at Deadman's-lane, has this week pointed out to me the site^of a low pillar, with the Roman letters" I B C," which, he says, he recently found and rolled down the racks into the river. This lad's statement I can- not yet prove, but it enables mo to mark down another line of rampart running down towards the Wye. Near the double walls which I found on Tuesday at East Pasre on Tidenham Chase there was dug up in 1825 a Roman altar, and these double walls here join Lan's Dyke, and rdn at a. right angle eastward, communicating with the further double banks of stone,e;ght yaids,apart in this instance* which I traced, fo# more than half a mile, to Pitcher's Wood (also leading ¡. towards the Severn), at right angles with Lan's Dyke. I now most strenuously question whether this "eight-yards-wide" important work would have been thrown up at the tune of the enclosure of the common merely for the purpose of protecting an intended line of young trees, which were never planted. On the top of the Wyndcliff, on the other side of the Wye, again, I find such double walls, each few feet wide, and separated through- out by a umform distance of one yard. The mode of construction is in every place identical, and on both sides of the Wye, close to the place where we dug up the most interesting Roman" fInial" (nowin Mr Clay's possession at Piercefield House), and the singular piece of worked oolite which Mr Baylis, of Porthcasseg, gave to me, and the like of which Mr T. H. Thomas, R.C.A., has seen in Italy, used as supports for spheres and similar objects. A line of ramparts on the Gloucester- shire side of the Wye, beyond East Vaga, is joined at Beech Farm.Madga.te HIB, by a "Roman camp," says the Ordnance ma.p. At every point where I have tested it the so-called dyke ceases to have any claim to be regarded as the work of Offa and I am forced to the belief that further investigation will everywhere in this neighbourhood prove that camps are to be found in connection with and formerly part of one great and oontinued system of fortification. The bit of "dyke" at Beachleywas, as I have argued, intended, not as a boundary between the Welsh and the English, but as a protection to Beachley Bay. To my own mind, I have rung the death- knell of the parrot cry of Offa's Dyke." Other people, who have not minutely examined the places as I have done, may think differently. Any such are most welcome to see the lines which I have mapped out but I cannot undertake to supply copies of my pilaris to everybody gratuitously. The fun "of such toil as copying becomes irksome. Hero I take my stand, and 1 am wot easily to be dnveu fcqip my position.
FARM AND GARDEN.
FARM AND GARDEN. The Season. I The season has now so far advanced that one can form a pretty correct idea and estimate of things as regards agricultural affairs. That nearly every one has been sorely disappointed in his hopes and expectations need hardly be said. The scorching heat of the last week, together with hot drying- winds, have sadly affected the crops, and have fairly given them a death-blow in some parts. The corn crops, however, vary much in appearance, even in the same locality. On the fcest land of a good holding description, in spite of the trying circumstances, there is every appearance of a good yield, both i'n corn and straw, but on light and inferior soils iRhvill certainly be a bad harvest; in fact, many have thought it not worth having, and being shore of feed have turned their cattle into the fields, which will afterwards be ploughed up for roots.Th £ question Qf feed seems the most pfcrpiexlygj The hay harvest, I what there wasof it, is finVSliOT, and the meadows, as far as feed goes, are a j bafMMi a tumpike-roacl, and at present there seems ub-sign whatever of rain. Meadow land has no^.l>een exhausted in any sense by any growth of ofiop, so that it would be possible in case of a gop4 soalffjgg rain to get an abundance of feed in'pt^jhort time, and in many places a cut of hay even. Of Course it would be rather late, but as hay is l^jeiy to reach a price unheard of next w^f|ter, should anything like a cut be produced, djj&fwsj^d be induced to collect as much as possible* Attention now is turned to the root crop mostly, as we shall have to fail back on this during the coming winter to a much larger exeent than usual. Roots and straw will have to be substituted for bay for feeding stock, so here again we imay hope that the weather may eventually prove favourable for good results in this respect. So far, irlangels are look- ing fairly well, if rather gappy in places, which can be filled up with some^lyng later on. Swede sowing has not been pr.soed on to any great extent, owing to the dry weather, but cannot be deferred much longer it is therefore advisable to plant at once. and Home. Drinks for the Hayfield. Correspondents of the Morning Post recom. mend the following temperance drink for the hayfield :—1. Two-gallons of water, lb. of best medium Scotch oatmeal, Ip. of Denierara sugar, peel and juice of one lemon or a few drops of essence of lemon. Boil, thj^-wateriand pour it boiling over the ingredients, stft- well, and strain through a sieve when cold. & J^ash a lemon to thoroughly cleanse it, cut it, peel all, into thin slices, pour three pints of boiling water on it, and let it stand till cold. If wished a sniall lump of sugar can be added, but it quenches thirst better without any. These propptfcions can, of course, be multiplied ad iajimhini, 3. Oatmeal mixed with watey4°as he thin enough to drink readily. 4. Scotch barleytill soft in the proportion of 2 oz. tlTone gallon water, and sweetened with treacle or supwa Window Gar^en'^ v Window-boxes will now e and as it is the custom to fill the box-qntte fullof plants, weak stimulants may.soon tjj KÍ-ycq. Plants out- side windows require a #&od deal' of water. Foliage Begonias, of which Rex may be taken as the type, are interesting ajpcglg the green-tinted Ferns at thi^ season they^w he kept through the winter in a warm roomnot overvvatere^l, and it is best not to overno^ OutdQor The one competition of thS" saason is the absence of weeds where the hoe has been used at all; but I fancy most of us would rather weed than water, and so long as the weather maintains its present character there must be a good deal of water used. Happy are those gardeners who have plenty of manure for mulching purposes these alone are masters of the situation. Burnt earth I find very useful for mulching purposes an inch or so spread over the surface of a bed or border effectually checks evaporation, and the plants do well and the birds do not scratch it about as they do manure or cocoa-nut fibre. One of the brightest bits of colour at the present moment are a mass of red and yellow Iceland poppies, where one may cut and come again for some time. Other plants which are standing- the drought well without water are rockets, ponten- tillas, campanulas, including Canterbury bells. Mulch stocks, asters, zinnias, and phlox drum- mondi these will come out well if mulched with good manure and watered occasionally. If asters are neglected the flowers will be small. Holly- hocks and dahlias must be well supported, and phloxes, unless well cared for, will be very poor things. Pinks should be well watered to get the grass into condition for taking cuttings. There will soon be a feast of carnations see that all are staked up carefully; and a layer of good soil spread over the beds will be a great help to the blossoms, and will be ready for layering by-aud-bye. Newly planted trees and shru be must have water till rain comes if they are to be kept alive. Fruit Garden. This is not going to be the full fruit season most of us expected. Bush fruits and Rasp- berries are very small where left to themselves. Mulch and water might have altered matters, but in many cases this has not been done. Strawberries on good land well manured are fairly good. Plums (certain free-bearing sorts) are plentiful. Apples are falling fast through drought, and in a good many orchards insects are having a good time. I here will have tobsa general awakening among fruit-growers before the sunshine can be of any benefit. Insects must be destroyed by spraying in summer and by dressing the trees in winter. Drought must be counteracted by the use of mulch and water, and then the sunshine, instead of being a hindrance, will be a. help. Vegetable Garden. Seeds of Cardoons may be planted in well- manured trenches in patches—three seeds or so in a patch—12 inches to 15 inches apart; if all the seeds grow remove A 1 but one. Plant turnip- rooted celery (Celeraic) in rows on ti»e surface of a well-manured land. tfle rows to be 18 inches apart and nine inches apart in the rows water freely and shade wit i branches till the plants get well established or till rain COZIIII in sufficient quantity to moisten all the ground. Sow a good breadth of turnips for autumn use. Veitch's red globe is a good variety, and those who like yellow fleshed turnips may sow orange jelly. Turnips in a dry season should be sown on land that has been prepared a week or two to get settled and for the moisture to come up from below. Draw tha drills rather deeper than usual,'and soak with liquid-manure. If in the meantime- rain falls the liquid-manure may be omitted, a little arttncLa.1 manure being sown in the drills instead. Really good lettuces and cauliflowers will be in demand now, and can only be obtained by good culture and a free use of water and mulch. Pl^-nt and sow for succession on cool land. North borders will be useful now. Make up mushroom-beds in a cool, shady spot, such as the north side of a lofty wall or building a good way of doing this is to knock up a. rough kind of pit with boards, and cover with old I shutters or something of the kind hurdles thatched with straw will do. We want to keep in the mo^ture and keep out the scorched atmosphere. Let tomatoes have all the attention required. Plants trained to one stem must have all side shoots removed when small. Better prick leaders when four or five trusses of fruit are set. Ferns and Mosses. ,S. This is a good season for buying in new stock. It is quite as well to purchase small plants of any particular variety and grow on, and the money goes further. The variety of ferus i3 almost endless, and every year sees something new intro- duced. Trade fern-growers are now scattered pretty well all over the country, and a visit to a nursery is easily made. The number of adiantuvns is now simply miu-xellous, and a collection of maiden-hairs would be very interesting. To name only a dozen that everybody should grow who has a. heated house, we will take adiantum farleyense as one of the handsomest ferns grown, then would como A. Williamsi (golden maiden- hair), A. gracillir.mm, A. decorum, A. cuneatum, and its variety elegans (A. assimile, a very pretty littla fero),^Cwcinaum ettum, A.. Pacotti. A. tinctum, A. trapeziforme, and setulosum. This will give a number of distinct varieties at a com- paratively small ccst. Pits and Frames. These will be filling up now, or some of them, with winter-flowering plants. When young and tender, just removed from stove or forcing-house, keep the frames closed for a time and shade then: when the sun is bright. When toe plants get accustomed to the position and commence to grow a little, air may be Jfiven, and then less shade will will be required as the growth gets harder.— Gardening Illustrated. The Weather and the Crops. The heavy rainfall of Thursday and Friday extended over the greater poztion of England, France, and Germany, while in Hungary and Roumania the downpour has been excessive, and has caused the flooding of large acres of corn land. In the three countries first named the effect has been wholly beneficial, relieving a severe and protracted drought. The hopes of wheat-growers are appreciably higher than they were a week ago, and the feeling of growers of spring corn may at least be desci-ibed as less despondent that it was then. The rain has come too late to make a hay crop. With regard to trade, English wheat in London has advanced to 27s 2d, or Is on the week. The improvement, how- ever, is more in the mean quality of samples than in value sample for sample, ^foreign has barely maintained previous full rates, though Liverpool is decidedly firm. The spring corn trade has been busy for maize at 6d to 9d ad- vance. Barley also dearer, whilst oats, which rose 2s per qr. at some makets early in the week, have since the rains receded somewhat, holders now being content with Is net improvement on he week.
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Andrew Fletcher, of 5<¡Jt..uu, in a letter to the Marquis of Montrose, wrste :—" I kn»\y a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to mak< all the ballads he need wbt shiuli uiake thi laws of the nation."
--AN ETHICAL SONG.
AN ETHICAL SONG. All before us lies the way Givethepastumothewind; All before us is the day Night and darkness are behind. Not where long past ages sleep Seek we Eden's golden trees In the future, folded deep, j Are its mystic harmonies. Ellen, with its ange1s bold, Tiees, and flow'rs, and coolest sea, Is less an ancient story told Than a glowing prophecy. III the spirit's perfect air, In the pa%io!1s tame and kind, Innpc-ence from selfish care, Tue true Eden shall we find. It is coming, it shall come, To the patient and the striving To the quiet heart at home, 5 f Thinking wise and faithful living. When the soul to sin hath died, True and beautiful and sound; Then all earth is sanctified, L Up springs Paradise around. I ELIZA T. CLAPP.
----..---------'-:,< The Household.
'< The Household. The Children's Bedroom. Too much care cannot be expended in getting perfect ventilation for children's bedrooms. Such perfect renovation and restoration of the tired and wasted parts goes 00 during sleep that it is a pity to hamper this beneficent influence, by stint- ing the amount of fresh air. When the ventila- tion is perfect the child awakens chirping and bright, and is full of activity and life, for the reason that during the night all the waste pro- ducts of the body, the result of the previous day's activity, have been eliminated from the system. If, on the other hand, the access of fresh air has been imperfect, the child arises peevish and un- refreshed, and a continuous recurrence of this will soon result in manifestations of ill-health. Starchy Foods. Why are tomatoes good ? Because in satis- fying the appetite you, unconsciously, lessen the amount of bread and other foods of an excessive starchy nature. Man is naturally a fruit and nut-eating animal, and is not adapted to eating grain and roots. In a diet consisting largely of bread, rice, potatoes, beans, &c., the system has more starch to deal with than it is able to dispose of. As there are no acids secreted in the stomach that are capable of decomposing starch, this matter passes out of the first stomach in an entirely undigested form, the process of digestion being afterwards carried out in the intestines by the aid of fermentation. Now, owing to the excessive amount of starch in grain and I some roots, an undue amount of fermentation is set up. Some people are so constituted that they are able to convert starch into glucose rapidly in that case, if they lead a sedentary I life, they become fat, and ultimately contract diseases arising from obesity while others have not been gifted with this power; it therefore I follows as a natural consequence, that they suffer from flatulency and other forms of indigestion, and in time will fall a prey to disease. It may I be said Look how children thrive on cereals and root-foods Quite so but it must be borne in mind that the energy of their assimilatory organs is so powerful that they are able to con- vert almost anything into nutriment. It is only when the nervous powers begin to fall off with advancing years that the injurious effects of starch-eating become most apparent.—English Mechanic. ( Hints. IlUSH STEW.—Cut 31b. of the neck of mutton into small pieces, put in a saucepan, and cover with half a gallon of boiling water, add a tea- spoonful of salt, two sliced onions, and three or four peppercorns, and simmer gently for an hour and a half. Pare and quarter half-a-dozen potatoes, add to the meat, and cook half an hour iong-er thicken with the beaten yolk of an egg- and a tablespoonful of butter rolled in flour. BANANA PUDDING.—Dissolve three-fourths of a box of gelatine in halt a pint of cold water for one hour, then add half a pint of boiling water, the juicd> of two oranges and two lemons, and two cups of sugar; strain into a mould, and Jet it stand until it begins to harden then stir in six thinly-sliced bananas. When sufficiently hard, turn out of the mould and rerve with whipped cream. CORNISH STEW.—Take two or three pounds of the breast or neck of mutton. Cut the meat off the bone in square pieces. Piace the meat in a saucepan with an ounce of dripping. Cook til! it is a golden brown. Then add a quart of stock or water, thickened with two tabtespoonsful of flour. Let it simmer gently, stirring- constantly. Add two carrots, a turnip, and an onion cut up small. Cook slowly for three-quarters of an hour. Just before serving season with pepper and salt. Boil some haricot beans, pl"ce them round the dish, pour the stew into the centre, and serve. PEA SOUP.—Time, three hours. One pint of split peas, three quarts of spring water, six large onions, outside sticks of two heads of celery, one bunch of sweet herbs, two carrots, a little dried mint, a. handful of spinach, a few bones, or tiny pieces of bacon, pepper and salt to your taste. Boil all these vegetables together till they are quite soft and tender; strain them through a hair sieve, pressing the carrot pulp through it. Then boil the soup well for an hour with the best part of the celery, and a teaspoon ful of pepper, add a little dried mint and fried bread, with a little spinach. A few roast-beef bones, or a. slice of bacon will be an improvement. SIMPLE ROLLS MADH FROM BREAD DOUGH.— When bread is made at'home, rolls may be made from the dough prepared for bread thus Take a piece of bread dough about double the sIze of a large orange, or as much as would fill a pint bowl. For this quantity allow two small teaspoonfuls of sugar, 2oz. of butter, and the yolk of an egg. Cream the butter and sugar together by beating them with a spoon in a warm (not hot) place, and put the yolk of the egg with the cream. Put the mixture into the bread dough, and work it with the hand till the ingredients are smoothly blended. This will seem difficult for a minute or two, but a little patient work will make it right. It should then be softer than bread dongii is, and may be set to rise and made iato rolls in the uraal way.
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GOSSIPS'CORNER. .
GOSSIPS'CORNER. The Queen's favourite Shakespearian play R Handel. Mr Gladstone does all his correspondence with a coarse quill pen. Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., has granted his farm tenants a reduction of 15 per cent. Professor J. Young Evans, of Trefecca. College, will make a tour through Egypt during the long vacation. A lady in Natal advertises in a Transvaal news- paper for a companion, a Christian, but cheerful if possible." The Northumberland miners have decided tc throw in their lot with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. The Queen of Madagascar takes a State batlr every year, being escorted to it by a solemn pro.. cession of attendants. The present Archbishop of Westminster, Dr. Vaughan, has seven brothers who are priests, and three sisters nuns. Character told by the teeth is the latest de- velopment of the popular fad for having one'r failings and virtues read by another person. Lord Herschell has been appointed Chancellor of the University of London in succession to the late Earl of Derby. Lord Herschell is a graduate of-the University. Sir Wm. Fox, ex-Premier of New Zealand, it dead, The deceased was born in 1812, and after being called to the English Bar in 1842 emigrated to New Zealand, It is the proud boast of a New York millionarc that for years his lunch has never cost him mon than 2%d a day, and that he has not bought a new hat for over seV6n years. Michael Lyons, signalman at Llancaiach, i. probably the oldest signalman in Wales, having been employed under the Tuff Vale Company over 52 years, that is since its formation. Mr Gwenogfryn Evans, M. A., the distinguished paleographer and Celtic scholar, is now spending a short holiday In his native place of Llanwenog. He is proceeding to North Wales in pursuit ot MSS. One of the most interesting features of the Women's Building at the World's Fair is tb6 Babies' Palace. In it children can be left under the care of a large staff of nurses while the mothers visit the Exhibition. Baron Hirsch has paid 300 guineas for a room. in Piccadlly for the use of his party on the day of the Royal wedding. Mr Reuben Sassoon fot- 380 guineas secured a similar room in the sam? situation at an earlier period. A bride in Montreal appeared lately at thv altar with her pet canary fastened to her shouldet by a golden chain. During the marriage cere* mony the b.rd began to sing, not knowmg any better, poor thing. Talking scandal and gossip ranks as a profee« sicu among the ladies of China, and is hand- somely remunerated. It is carried on by elderly ladies, who go from house to house of rich people, and the remuneration given is 2s 6d per hour. Alderman D. Jones, of Cardiff, is at present staying at Llandrindod Wells. The genial alder- man spends a great deal of his time at billiards, and is considered to be by far the best player amongst the large company of visitors at Gwalia, Mr Maartens, the distinguished Dutch novelist, author of God's Fool "and The Sin of Joost Avelingh," has been invited to dine with the members of the Authors' Club on Monday net. Mr Maartens, who is now staying in London has just been elected the first honorary member of thw club. M. Carnot, not wishing to go to Fontaine* bleau before the end of the Session, will go thit week to Marly, to stay in the villa. of Madame Boissaye, which has 50 acres of grounds, and adjoins the forest of Marly. He will visit Paris, when necessary, to preside over Cabinet Councils. The Bishop of Bangor (Dr. Lewis Lloyd) on Saturday clused the Palace as a residence, tbe cause assigned for such a course being iwBeqttflcy of means to maintain such a large establishment, as two-thirds of the income of the See goes all » retiring allowance to his predecessor, Bishop Campbell. Sir Edward Reed has never been enamoured of vessels of the Bsnbow and Victoria type. He points out that the deck of the foundered ship Wall only eight or nine feet above the water-line^ which meant an easy submergence of the hulle and a consequent loss of stability on the least provocation. Mr A. Neilson Camming, the new editor of th* Manchester Courier, is a barrister of the Middle Temple. Mr Cuminlng was educated at Glasgow University, where he took the Snell Exhibition* and after a distinguished career at Balliol Colleger Oxford, came to London, where he was called tc the Bar in 1884. Many stories are told cf the late Admiral Tryon. He had a perfectly abnormal facility for tumbling into the sea and getting into trouble. Sir George was a man all energy. He had no nerv- in the sense that he was oblivious of fear and he probably died as calmly as if he were entering his bath instead of Eternity. Mr Harry M'Calmont means to have th< victory of Isinglass in the Derby celebrated ot, canvas in grand style. He has commissioned Mr Giles, the well-known artist, to paint a bit, picture of the finish of the Derby with Isinglast leading, and Mr Giles has set to work upon tt< canvas measuring 10ft. in length. According to latest arrangements the marriage of Principal Prys, of Treveeca College, with Misf Bessie Parry, the daughter of Mr John Parry, Talybryn, is to take place on August 2nd, at the Calvinistic Methodist Chapel, Bwlch, Brecon* shir*. The Revs. Professor Williams, M.A., Tre- fecca, and J. M. Jones, Swansea, will officiate at the ceremony. The bridal couple will proceed te Germany for their honeymoon. The German Emperor has a. magnificent wine- cellar, containing precious brands from all parte of the globe. Each brand has its separate enelo- sure shut in by iron railings, with a tablet affixed giving name, age, price, and number of bottles. The head butler is an American. No flasks of decanters are ever placed en the Imperial tabf% but the wine is poured out by the footmen froIw the original bottles. Emperor William's favourite, liqueur is Kirschwasser, while he is also fond oC American whisky. We regret to announce the death of Mr Arthui Locker, who was editor of the Graphic from 187ir to 1891. He was the youngest son of the late Mr E. H. Locker, Commissioner of GreenwioV Hospital, and was born at the hospital on July 2nd, 1828. He was educated at Charterhouse, and at Pembroke College, Oxford, where h» graduated B. A, in 1851. He entered a merchant*/ office in Liverpool, and afterwards led a life a/ varied experience in Australia and India. Return ing home in 1861, he resolved to devote himself tc, literature, and wrote some works of fiction. Ht was twice married. An extraordinary instance of female devotion, has just been given by Mariefcfc* StaglM* tht companion of Bricou at the time he was plotting the explosion at the Restaurant Very, where th« notorious Ravachol was arrested, Brioou bavinfl been sentenced to 20 years' peual servitude and. taken to the little island of Oleron, thence to be shipped to New Caledonia, Soubere applied fot permission to be married to him in order that she might share his life of captivity. The applies tion having been favourably received, the prisoner has been brought back to the prison ot La. Sante in Paris, where the wedding ceremony will shortly take place.
----.---------A SATURDAY SERMON.
A SATURDAY SERMON. The institutions of social and industrial iris" must be so remodelled as to be felt as th<i' utterance of a friendly, a sustaining, and f redeeming power, even by the most perverse/ rebellious, or weak of mankind. Religiouf men will not allow their sympathy with tb( ends in view to blind them to the weak pointt of schemes for improving the conditions oC life of the masses and changing the tempet of commercial life; but they will ware. every movement in the direction of extendi- the area over which tho family ideals hold f with the hope that they will succeed, a determination of going cn trying if they. They will seek always and everywhere to coti centrate strength to the service of weakness, and to strip themselves of privilege if thereby they can secure an equal heritage to all their brethren. But above all and in all they will keep ahvaio their own hearts, and strive to wake in the hearts of others, that living love of Nature, of man, and of God which, if a man have not, it is in vam fov him to gftip the wbolo world. panjp H. WICKSTWRO.
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COLOUR OF THE EYES A TEST OF STRENGTH.— It is said that the health of the brunette type of eye is, as a rule. superior to that of a blonde type. Black eyes usually indicate good powers of physi- cal endurance. Dark blue eyes are most common in persons of delicate, refined, or effeminate natures, and generally show weak health. Light blue, and much more, grey eyes, are most common in the hardy and active. With regard to diseases I of the eye, brown or Ciark coloured are weaker or more susceptible of injury, from various causes, than grey or blue eyes. Light blue eyes are generally the most powerful, and next to those are grey. The lighter the pupil the greater and longer continued is the degree of tension the eye can sustain. Tbe majority of first-class shots are men whose eyes are either blue or pwv ;n c
WELSH GLEANINGS.
WELSH GLEANINGS. By LloiTwr. Welsh Members and Disestablishment. The Welsh members, or at least the younger section of them, are apparently bent on pressing Mr Gladstone to give them a definite promise that a Bill for the Disestablishment of the Church in Wales will be introduced next year. The earnest-the Suspensory Bill--is an acknowledged failure. The London correspondent of the Baner says It can be readily acknowledged that no one cares a brass button for the Suspensory Bill, only so far as it bound the Government to under- take a complete Disestablishment measure. The first reading was received with that gratitude which is befitting for small mercies. By this time, however, in the absence of any progress with the measure, some of our representatives are wakening- up." The writer goes on to say that Mr Asquith was not willing to receive a deputation on the question, and that he referred those who consulted him to Mr Glad- stone. The Emergency Committee of the Welsh members are now sending a letter to Mr Gladstone reviewing the situation, "but," proceeds tha Baner correspondent, we hope that whatever comes of the letter the committee will not relax their efforts. We do not for a moment forget the difficulties of the Government, nor do we in any way wish to obstruct them in their present difficult struggle. But other measures (Registration, Parish Councils, Eight Hours, etc.) should not have precedence over us. The promise is to us, and we ought not to allow any Jacob to deprive us of our birthright." Welsh Songs. There will be published shortly two songs, entitled "Cartref fy ("Home- of my Childhood "), and Adgofion am vr hen "amser gynt "("Recollectionsof the OldenTimes"), by the late inspired song-writer, Mr R. S. Hughes, very probably the last two songs written by that distinguished Welsh musician. The manuscript copy is in the possession of Mr Edward Jenkins, Gwalia, Llandrindod Wells, who is also the author of the words, and bears the date, December Sch, 1892. The first song is dedicated by Mr Jenkins to Mr Ben Davies, and will be sung by that gentleman at the eisteddfod to be held at Chicago. Appended is one verae of "Cartref fy Mebyd: Fe gaiff y lwydias gog, A'r adar gwibiog man, Cyn daw y guuaf du Ymflldo l wlad v gan. A minnau iiefyd sydd yn disgwyl ddydd a nos Gael myivd u'n gwlad, fy hen wlad gu, I ganu yn hwyr fy oes. Mr William Williams, M.P. Although the election in the Swansea District was over before any of the Welsh papers were published, yet not a few of them make no reference to the unopposed return of Mr W. Williams, and discuss the prospects of the three probable candidates. The Givylkdydd says that external help would be given to Mr Williams, Mr Thomas Phillips, and Sir John Jones Jenkins. The South Wales correspondent of the Celt, writing a few hours before the opposition to Mr Williams collapsed, predicted a triumphant victory for the choice of the Liberal party at Swansea. In its leading columns the same paper describes Mr Williams as a. man who has risen from the ranks, and who has thus full sympathy with the common people." The Goleuad says that Mr Williams will be fifty-two years of acre next November, so that he cannot be ranked among the 'lads,' as some people prefer to call the younger section of the Welsh party." The Gencjil states briefly that when just going to press it hears of the unopposed return of Mr Williams the Tarian announces the same fact but the Tyst is so overcrowded with reports of the Welsh Congregational Union at Holyhead, the speeches of the chairman (the Rev. E. Aeron Jonos) and others being given in full, that it makes not the slightest reference to the Swansea election. This is curious, as the" election" took place four days before the publication of the Tyst, and especially as Mr Williams is a member of the denomination whose organ the Tyst is. The editors might with advantage have crowded out the weekly Sunday- school lesson, or reports of petty meetings in remote country districts, in preference to matters of such importance as the rethrn of a new Welsh member to Parliament. The Brython Cymreig is obviously angry because the attempt to bring out a Labour candidate was frustrated, and says The threat of the Labour leaders to bring out an independent candidate was merely an empty boast on the part of people who are willing to sacrifice everything for Mr Gladstone." Jottings. The Herald Cymracg speaks in touching terms of the death of the late editor, Mr J. Evans- Jones, whom the Oencdl describes as a man of wide knowledge and a cultured writer. The Cymro reproduces from the Herald an article of a column's length on the deceased journalist.-The Congregational Union at Holyhead occupies much space in the Tyst (quite three-fourths of which is taken up with verbatim reports of the addresses delivered), the Genedl, the Baner, the Cymro, the Herald, and even Gwalia. The Golevad and the Brython Cynrcig devote their leading columns to an account of the unveiling of the monument of the late Mr David Davies, Llandinam.—The Journal, in its Welsh columns, has some articles of such an astonishing vigour of style as would not have disgraced "Junius" were he able to write in Welsh. They deal with the parish of Penbryn and with some chapel disputes in South Cardiganshire.— The Journal, the Goleuad, and the Brython are delighted to hear of the Government grant to Mr Gwenogfryn Evans. "Andronictis" in the Genedl suggests that now Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Birmingham have had their Lord Mayoralty, the same privilege should be extended to Cardiff nnd Carnarvon.The Festiniog strike I is agitating the North Wales papers. Gwalia, in its leading articles, accuses the "Radical papers of fomenting the quarrel and of inciting the work- men but while the Genedl and the Wain adopt an extreme attitude, the Herald has from the commencement been more moderate in its counsels.—The removal of Judge Beresford is discussed in various papers. They all rejoice that a Welsh-speaking Welshman has been appointed in his stead. The Goleuad scornfully describes Mr Beresford's friends as a pack of solicitors," and makes a biting attack on its old opponent, the editor of the Cambrian News.
A Cruel Wretch.
A Cruel Wretch. It isn't fair to give a Detroit girl away, pos- 1 sibly, but truth will out, even in a newspaper. Detroit has one among its countless pretty girls who was in the country in February, and one day she happened out toward the cow lot about milking time and was asking the man severa) questions. Why don't you milk that cow V she asked, pointing to one in an adjoining lot. Because she's dry, miss." Dry ?" "Yes, miss. She's been dry for two weeks." "You cruel wretch," she exclaimed, "why don't you give her some water ?" and the man turned his face to the cowhouse and shook with emotions he 6ould not suppress.
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HIS IDEA.—Scene, a gambling saloon. A game of ecaxto has just been played. The two players got up and one of them stepped close to the other—" Sir What do you want 2" I saw you cheat, just now." Sir ?" I am aure of it." You mean to ruin mo?'' "Quite the con- trary. I want you to take me into partnership." AN UNABASHED COOK.—A lady on entering the kitchen early one morning saw a plate and knife and fork, the former of w^hich had evidently contained cold rabbit pie. The lady strongly suspected a certain policeman of having supped off it, and the following conversation took place between her and the cook :—" Mary, what's become of the cold rabbit pie that was left 7" Oh, I didn't think it was wauted, mum, so I gave it to the dog." "Does the dog use a knife and fork, then ?" asked the mistress, sarcastically. Not very well yet, mum," bQb I'm teflchin'bim I to," was the unabashed replvr
AT SET OF SUN.
AT SET OF SUN. Ir we sit down at set of sun. And count the things that we have done, And counting find One self-denying act. one word That eased the heart of him who heard One glance most kind, That fell like sunshine where it went, I Then we may count that day well spent. But. if, through all the livelong day. We've eased no heart by yea or nay If through it aH We've done 110 thing that we can trace, That brought the sunshine to a face No act most small. That helpesd SOUK; sou!, and nothing cost, Then count that day as worse than lost. THK ARGGST.
ECHOES FROM THE CALENDAR.
ECHOES FROM THE CALENDAR. JULY. 2. SUNDAY—5tli Sunday after Trinity. 3. MONDAY—Dog days begin. 4. TUESDAY—America 11 Independence declared, 1776. 5. WEDNESDAY—Princess Helemt married, 1866. 6. THURSDAY—Samuel Lover died. 1868. 7. FRIDAY—Threatened police strike, 1890.—Percy B. Shelley drowned, 1822. 8. SATUIWAY-Edmund Burke died, 1797. Independence Day. When the British Government was putting forth a strong' effort to reduce the Colonies to submission, a provincial congress declared that the Royal authority had ceased, and recom- mended to the several Colonies to adopt such governments as might best conduce to the safety and happiness of the people." The. thirteen Colonies soon adopted constitu- tions as independent and sovereign States. On the 7th of June, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, offered a resolution in Congress, declar- ing that "the united Colonies are, and ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain and ought to be, totally dissolved." This resolution, after an earnest debate, was adopted by the votes of nine out of 13 Colonies. A committee,consisting of Thomas Jeffer- son, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sher- man, and Robert R. Livingstone, was instructed to prepare a declaration in accordance with the above resolution and the celebrated Declaration of Independence, written by Mr Jefierson, based upon the equality of men and the universal right of self-government, and asserting that all government derives its just powers from the consent of the governed on the 4th of July, 1776, received the assent of the delegates of the Colonies, which thus dissolved their allegiance to the British Crown, and declared themselves free and independent States, under the general title of thethirteen United States of America. Historians have shown that while no country ever had a. more righteous cause than North America, never was a great national issue decided by means less entitled to respect. Though the whole thirteen States were said to have assented, it was notorious that several signatures vere wanting, and were not supplied till months after- wards by newly-chosen delegates. The declara- tion once engrossed on parchment and signed, this arbitrary spirit of the Republican party appeared more undisguised. All who continued i of the Royalist party were menaced with fines and imprisonment. Heldreth says, The bar- barous and disgraceful conpuct of tarring and feathering and carting Tories—placing them on a cart and carrying them about as a sort of spec- tacle—became in some places a favourite amuse- ment." A Notab!e Battle. "Was ever anything seen liko this ? Ne!t¡1cr prisoners nor guns This day will be attended with no results." Thus cried Napoleon, in irrita- tion, on learning the terrible cost at which his victory had been won. The official bulletin put the French loss at 1,500 killed and 3,000 wounded but the killed really were 6,500 and the wounded 15.000-about equalling those oftheAustrians. On the other hand, 5,000 Frenchmen were taken prisoners, while the statements in successive bulletins that Napoleon's army had 20,000 Austrian prisoners, 40 cannon, and 10 standards were pure inventions. Wa,grain is a village only a few miles distant from the Danube, at the northern extremity of the plain of Marchfeid. Here the Archduke Charles had { retired with the Austrian army after a succession of obstinate battles. Napole. n, ou discovering that the Archduke had weakened his csntre. in I order to augment the strength of his wiugs, in which a great proportion of his artillery was placed, pressed towards the weakest point. About six o'clock in the afternoon of July 5th, 1809, the French commenced the attack, and the battle soon became general all along the line. Nearly all Napoleon's artillery being concen- trated in the centre, it battered this point of the Austrian line so completely that alarm soon seized on the right and left wings. They began to give way and the day was lost, seeing which the Archduke ordered a retreat. It was well executed by the columns of infantry retiring in echelon, alternately inarching and facing about, and throwing destructive volleys into the ranks of their pursuers. This helped to swell the losses, the French prisoners being cap- tured by the right wing of the Austrians. Pro posals for an armistice followed a war contribu- tion was immediately imposed on the provinces occupied by the French, and in the following October, by the peace of Vienna, Austria yielded up 45,000 square miles of territory, together with I all her sea coast and three millions and a.. half of population to France and her allies. The Poet Shelley. Shelley, to whom a memorial has just been unveiled at Oxford, and to whom honour has again been done at Rome, met a sad death by drowning. You will have heard by this time," wrote Lord Byron to Moore, that Shelley and another gentleman, Captain Williams, were drowned in a squall off the Gulf of Spezzia. There, is thus another man gone about whom the world was ill-naturedly and ignorantly and brutally mistaken. It will perhaps do him justice now when he can be no better for it." Suspicion has been entertained by many writers that Shelley's boat was purposely run down by Italian malefactors on board a felucca for purposes of plunder. The remains were re- covered after a terrible time of suspense to the widow and on August 16th Shelley's boiy was burnt by his friend Trelawny, the ashes being I gathered together, coffered, and eventually buried in the Protestant burial ground at Rome.
-----I Looking Out for No.…
I Looking Out for No. 1. I Well, you have picked out a nice husband for your daughter," said one of the guests at a fashion- able New York wedding. Do you know anything about him ?" asked the bride's father. Certainly I do. He is nothing but a penni- less gambler. Why didn't you come and fcell me this before the marriage ?" Because he owes me 200 dollars. Take me for a fool ?"
--..-"---"""-.--.----A Smart…
A Smart Tailor. Dildely I want an elegant suit, something .stunning, dontcher know? How long will it take you Lo make It ? Tailor: Three days. And what will it cost?"' "Seventy-five dollars. All right. I'll give you my note at sixty days. When shall I come to try on the suit ¡ • Gome in sixty-three days." nor --=-
[No title]
What a charming little dog 1" The Other (impressively): "Yes; he used to belong to the Prince of Wales." Wel!, I shouldn't care be doesn't look a bit secondhand."
[No title]
.do Ma: Did you sav, Jimmy, that Uncle Joe took you to the circus "to-day ?—.Jimmy Yes.—Ma: Well, now, tell me what was the most surprising thing you saw there ?—Jimmy: Pa commg in with the cook you discharged yesterday. Watson: I say, Jones, your overcoat looks shabby. Why don't you get a new one 1 Jones Can't get anymore credit.—" Then take it to a tailor and have it turned." "Humph,do you think thaC this coat has sot three sides I"
Welsh Tit-Bits.
Welsh Tit-Bits. Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion. [BY CADRAWD.j Picturesque Lianbtethian; (CONTINUED FROM LAST ISSUK.)" Descending Llanblethian-hill. the path to Cow- bridge passes over very rocky ground, some of the rocks curiously marked-one farms a fancied resemblance to the impression that would be made by a foot and knee in kneeling, is set down as having been made by the devil, who, in carrying a load, was obliged to rest there. May not the legend have taken its rise in monkish times ? Enterii/g the field from the hill, the pathway winds at the head of three or four strong springs in the field corner. That nearest the hill used to be considered good for diseases of the eye, and cures were wrought there—noth.ng is now heard of its restorative powers. Further on, by the liedge-side is a spring protected by a low square of masonry, with an orifice on one side for the overflow. In this orifice are some fragments of an oaken box (nearly perfect a few years ago), where children and others used to go and wish, dropping a pin into the box at the time. Ill-luck was to attend those who took any of the pins out of the box, neverthe- less the pins were often cleared out. Either at this well, or the Bomin (Bowman's) Well in the next field, children used to flock on a certain day in the year, AU-Hallow's-tide, I fancy, taking with them drinking vessels and sugar, mixing the sugar with the waters of the spring, and drinking them. Some years ago a lialf-crazed fellow began searching for treasures within the precincts of the old castle. After wasting some time therein he gave it up as a bad job. In a drawing of the place as it stood in 1740 the ruins appear of much greater extent than at present, as well as those of Castell Llychad (or Llychod), which is introduced in the back ground. Much of the old castle was taken down 40 years ago to build St. Quentin's Cottage, as well probably as for building the cottage on the property at the top of Constitution hill; built for and used by the then proprietor as a residence. This house stands on the site of an advance outer gateway of the castle, and the old walls can he traced in the pine-end of the new house. The lordship and manor pound stand close by, or nearly opposite, the principal entrance to the castle—a large oblcng enclosure which once formed part of the castle. Between here (St. Quentm's) and the castle, on the top of Llan- | blethian-hill, Castell Llychod, a subterranean passage is said to exist. As there is nothing to indicate such a means of communication, the tradition must be taken upon its own merits. Beyond what has been already said of Llan- blethian, a few more notes may be added ot the place and its inhabitants. Tale a.nd legend are fast vanishing-; old customs are becoming obsolete and rightly so, for they belong not to the practical life of to-day. We may mourn over them as we regret the departure of the golden- tinted clouds that linger after a glorious autumn sunset, and die at last in the sable arms of night. Relics of an era in our social and religious life which, as far as it went, was complete in itself, they yet have, as in the night of a transition state-a night enlightened by all the lustre of a resplendent harvest-moon, with an expectant longing for something more excellent) than earth has yet seen. Whitsun Monday used to be the day upon which the village fair was held, and bad been so from time immemorial. Some years ago this was changed to Easter Monday, and so it still is. Au old woman or two with a basket of cakes-such represent the vending portion of the fair. All the children in the village up to the age of ten years, who had been able to hoard up coppers for tha previous week or fortnight, represents the pur- chasing public. At uignt there may pos- sibly be an extra dozen added to the ordinary company at the Picton and Shou-y-gwehydd's, and the fair is over. More favour is shown to the mabsant or revel. In English parishes this is said to fall upon the Sunday nearest to the saint's day, to whom the church is dedicated. St. John has Llanblethian Church dedicated to him. Why, therefore, should St. Mary-hill Fair," August 26th, should regulate our mab- sant, I cannot determine. If the fair falls upon any day in the first half of the week, Cowbridge revel begins that same night, and Llanblethian on the Sunday following. If on a day in the latter half of the week, Llanblethian holds its mabsant first. In Malli Llwyd's time dancing took place for two or three nights at the Picton to the inspiring music of a harp and fiddle-setting in motion the toes of half the young rustics, male and female, in the neighbourhood, to the tune of "Penrhaw," "Llwyn Onn." "Codiad yr Ehedyad," and numberless other equally pretty but less known melodies of the Principality, with a spice of English music such as "The Triumph," "Drops of Brandy," "Swansea Hornpipe," "Copenhagen Waltz," &c., &c. As the Welshman is most certainly a dancing animal—great at either country dances or digging—his passion for "toe and heeling" j often leads him to disregard what kind of a building is offered him as a ball-room. (To be continued.) The Book of Eaglan. There are also in Monmouthshire manye gentle- men descended of Bach ab Gwaithfocd. Of Cynan, so. of Tregangle, the Bythellts of North Wales are descended. Now, to return to my former purpose. GwrYJtal1 ab Gwaithfoed, one of the lords of Powis, who was fathers to Cyd Cynfyn. This Cynfyn ma. with Ynghariad, da. and sole h. to Meredith ab Owen, Kinge of 80uth Wales. Meridith was the sone of Owen the sone of Howell Dàa, the sone of Cadell, the sone of Rodwye the Greate. This Howell Dda held a Parliament at Whit- land, which was his principal place, and there erected manye goode lawes, which were not onlie observed throughout this realme, but also in France, Italie, and many othere countries, and here yet continued untile the country came to be sheire ground. This Cynfyn and Ynghariad had issue Bletbyn ap Cynfyn, and Ryallawn ab Cynfyn. This Blethyn ab Cynfyn ma. with one Aer, da. of Getlmi :tb Blethyn Rhidd, or Gest, and they had issue Meredith ab Blethyn and Ca.dwgan fb Blethyn. Blethyn ab Cynfyn forsooke his father's coate, and beat-e his mother's coate and so his posteri- ties in the lyne of Meredith ab Blethyn did likewise beare theire coate, which may be thus blazed :—He beareth O. a lion rampant, G. armed sable. Cadogan ab Blethyn also forsooke his father's coate, and beare azure, a lion rampant, 0, armed G. There issued a. great number of generations of Meredith ab Blethyn. The Lo. cf Powis fell between daughters, of the which one ma. with Charlton, frome whome bye marege the Grayes bscame Lords of Powis, and to saye the tiuth, Mr V or nam, in the right of Ludlowe, now ought to be the inheritor thereof. Cadwgan ab Blethyn was fathere to Owen ap Cadogan. This Owen and his father held greate warres against the Kinge of England, but at last agreement was made between Owen and Kinge Henri the First, and he went out v.ith him to Normandy, where he received the sacred order of knighthood, of the Kinge, and aftere that he became a verie godlie man. We have in our British histories a great historic of hyme, wherein he is called Sir Owen Varchag da, viz., Sir Owen the Good Knight. This Sir Owen had many sones, but Einon his sona bbtng in s0rvice with Robert Consui, Earle of Gloucester, lo. of Glamorgan—base son to Kinge Henrie the first-and in recompence of his service the Earle his master bestowed Maud, one of the da. and b. of Sir Ralph Mailor, Knight, lo. of Cibwrne, a lordship bye the town of Cardiff, in Glamorganshire. And they bad issue two sones, Groaowe and Wheverig.
-----The Chicago Motte.
The Chicago Motte. Clara How much does your dancing master chaigfe for a lesson, dear ? Maud I don't remember in dollars and cents, but pa says the bill amounts to a dressed hog a week. Clara How horribly high 1 Maud Rather but it's grace before meat with pa, every time.*