The Cardiff Times

SUNCLAD TOBACCO IS the Best. Try It.

PARLIAMENT OF LABOUR. BY MABON, M.P. ranjye of questions annually discussed the Trade Dnion Congress as a ruls ^Wjdeooej hut this year it was exceptional! v Som? of the psoblems were set lorth an exceptiooaLly lucid and comprehensive &nnf»r__go raany as from six to eight- sub- c.t ctl°Qai provisions being used, as in the case of "d Nation, where the resolution proposed com- fenced with a Jemand [or the format ion of educational programme based upon the !lrlnc;pJe of equal opportunities for all such ^° £ taar,:no to aim at securing that all grades Uczl.ti,)ii should be free and State-main- jned, carrying the scholars through primary J Il secondary schools by compulsory attend- and that maintenance grants be made 161" to continue a school unlil the age of and for the continued education of students through UDlveri'.y courf'S t C"Iarlot be said, alter this. that working men ^diffr-renl to the need of education for their ''dreri nor to he de<iree of proficicncy to tt 1 ^desirable they should attain. hat 016 as be,«S particularly interesting was e anxiety shown by the Congress to protest j^'Qsfc (.he passing what wa? t ailed theo- ^S'cal '• Acts in the place of educational urea. The non provision oi progressive fa ilities to the children of the 0plters and the absence ol means for the sh°''er Physical nourishment and training of 'idron in schoois were strongly resented. c>reOVep> the destitution of parents and 6 number of ill-ted or starred children flere attributed as the cause of physical ^ler'oration and a high child mortality and aiso wa? made the ground for the Con- ss demanding, .n the interest of the nation. ^as"8a-ui» *haf. (he Government should at ^Ce> at public expense-. provide ample means °nsure a high standard of vitality and -h. Indeed, it is almost imperative for to be imbued with high Socialistic ten- etJe<e9 t0 eudure with any semblance of com* ibi°t5le *hearing of ail that was said on this Ject. Indeed, there are occasions when ¡;oPJe. in these matters verga upon the loCrHibie. That the State it,- duty tb Perform towards poor and necessitous ^ren where their parents cannot maintain because of iow wages, and, what is "'0, s u Se. no wages at all turough unemployment. ere can be no doubt. Cut to make the State .^Ponsiblo for the feeding of all the children aro jji.fed. without holding the negligent 4r^nt ,d any way responsible, is translerricg W children at once to be children of the t tatc-Wtl.ch, in itself, is a most undesirable Qing to do. By al! means let all that is UbJte to feed and decently clothe those tbitdren be done; but to relieve the parents f1.tn their parental responsibilities to those chil(lren would be a false and pernicious Method. I would have liked to have heard ^Hu«, r,Sp,/nj'il.>u'tv7 of the parents in ail cases ^more luliy recognised. The most para- coupling together of subjects that I yy v Sefcri lor a ;ong time is the following :— ^Oien's Compensation and Truck 'Acts. i Workmen's Compensation Act we well and appreciate. qrd I have already dealt Îo b it, But desiring to extend the Truck Act U Workers in any trade is what 1 cannot erst and at all The Truck Act, as amended the Conservative Government in 1S96, has the door lor uo end ot mischief The r^1ien engaged under the Factory and •jJ^shop Acts were then persuaded 1 hat in er that they should be able to get from ). elr emplovers the necessary tools and i i.'ple- 4t required by them for doing their work "h °^ Pr'ce> the employers in their turn v^0l> he protected against the ill s of such tools got in that t}ln|JOsed cheap way, It was demanded the employers should be allowed to v Jct fines of various a1; ounts for divers ues of tlie amended Act. Sir Matthew i7411 Ridley, the then Home Secretary, tlf ot'enl dupe as he was, thought that by way av°'ding that the work ..en should be se line3 having large placards in conspicuous places in and about the lc« ,°r'e3, and that by having proper records V6r °f the fines made he was protecting these workmen whom their own employers Ju e pronaring, through him, to chastise ^f>DC>^t. I3ut this time we find that W8lrne system of fining for offences and Col of special rul33 is being adopted at very largely, erpacially in Lancashire Ranches er districts, where it has become lT|irion th'ogfor men to ogrce to accept fPoes ^°-ng deducted from their wages, ranging o £ 1, instead of being taken before the S0J^'s'rates. It is known now as a fact that e hundreds o' these fines are being imposed year in some colliery district*, under the Ct3ce that the workmen prefer it to being "'1 (-fore t Qite befofe (he magistrates in the various )ig. !°ts, the penalties in some cases being tQe t r. though they may be oftener made. and ^'Darement, it is alleged, save a great °f ^imc hy it—which they would lose Pro?GCUte in courts of justice. SuPP030^ reasons—which, after all, are itjp pebie excuses—are, in my opinion, direct thrl"gern("nt-. of the Mines Act wherever p are practised. They are being made, ljjeacli ca?e that I have yet found out, with <lj8 £ C°Cr>is.mce of the mines inspectors of such ^'cts. There is no doubt in my mind that 5-*H °S* ° these cases the p-ovisions of the last c^nclpd Truck Act are taken advantage of to Q °arrying out some serious provisions of 8ho nes Act. Such a state of things as this H^'d not be allowed to exist a moment more °an be helped. The matter has oriy LOlit-ty been found out, and at a place that is u te clear. Yet whet her any immediate 41, CILI, be made of the facts with a view to put to thew malpractices is doubtful. 8.44 It is desirable to watch keenly, I\c:> not without some anxiety, any development or extension of some %( th Jj, e Pernicious ]irovisions of the present itigC Acts. More light is needed, also, regard- possible advantage it can be to any tlkten of workers in the country to have it ended at all. 0 Business Men and Preference. more, and in very commonsense terms, QL^^umn conference o: the Chambers oi ky^^rce of the United Kingdom condemned a substantial majority a resolution in jVr preferential tariffs. It is not surpris- at a body of business men should arrive husiness-like resolution. The rejected *»eii OD ^ea't with Free Trade between ^e. Part of the British Empire. But Tariff does not mean Free Trade within the 45 was promptly pointed out by a V^a i The Glasgow programme was not kd'V '81: "Ilice towards a freer Imperial trade, but backwards, and a more restricted foreign It is not inappropriate that this last &, Ith 10 Tariff Reform should be delivered by k* a c°nfi rence- I am reminded that as as 1S96 Mr Chamberlain told the l'oi erg of Commerce of the Empire that "h()Ia.1 preference simply meant that the of the Colonies should be left absolutely hk ° injpo-e what protective duties they ^^je' °th on foreign imports and on British Sitnply they were iequiied to make a '8cr'm'n-tion in favour of Bpitish trade, ''Uj w,!jrri ^°r which we were expected to change N rn^le System and •* impose duties on food Material." This, some of us then said, !5^Tle-sided agreement, and nothing that '^Ce ?e gentleman has said on the matter JS Prov°d it to be anything else but a |te agreement. As for the Glasgow con- they were, indeed, perfectly jQ Cable ;and all Free Traders cannot, but 8o ^*e tact that very soon there will be Ooor as to do them reverence.

MUSIC IN WALES. f By D. EMLYN EVANS. CARNARVON NATIONAL EISTEDDFOD. In the second choral competition Walessuc. ceeded in a Ding first honours, the second Toing to Blackpool. In this contest the per- formances of the other thi ee choirs, hailing from North \Vø.le¡r, were disappointing, especi- ally when one recalls the manner in which some of tuem acquitted t'lemselves in previous National Eisteddfod contests.. It will be pel- ceived that were it not for the Tonypandy choralists England would have won also in this class. Th2 Blackpool choir not by any means a neglegiblc force and in this trial of talent the opposing powers may be said to have been neck to neck in the lighter part-song test, bot in the chorus the Rhondda vocalists were not only superior in the matter of voices, but also in mental conception and grip. All due credit, however, to the BlackpooliIes, they fully deserved the small second prize which fell to their share. The female choir competition was in many respects, indeed in every respect, the most satisfactory and pleasing of the whole choral contests of the Eisteddfod, and the one that came nearest to the Irgh-watermark reached in the choral classts at some preceding National events. Their slight superiority as to number of entries—and a11 oi whom appeared on the platform—was uot the determining factor but the character of the comreti^ion nasshownbythenuniberofchoirsthate-.ce e^ theriugli position attained by the best, and t e intensity and closeness of the struggle for ultimate supremacy. Blackpool proved its qualities here, also, but. as in the second choral contest, the sopranos seemed to be in difficulties with their top notps-possibly the high pitch, which doe3 not now prevai so much in England. may account for it more or less. Panty pridd. however, reached a mucn higher point, and one which it was lelt would not be easily passed while Ibe cboir that san fourth gave a very creditable performance though it 1 ailed to secure a place quite in the front rank. That was to be the good Jorr-nne of the last—Linn bract ach; which, moreover, forged it3 way to the front positIOn of all. Pontypridd being thus made second in order of met. One particular peculiarity was ob ervable m more than one of these renderings, viz., over- accc-ntuation, or stress on the lirst. beat of the measure or bar. This was done to such an extent in somo cases as to be positirft-y ugly. The object in view is pretty self-evident—just ns in the somewhat sim'lar question of vcr: enunciation affected by some selo vocalists, but the true artist conceals his art, an. to avoid one error at the expense of "eating another is neither good art nor a profitab e policy. We have already made some reference-m onr previous arlicle-lo the congregational and juvenile choral classes, and it does Dot appear necessary to add anything much to what was then paid. But in regard to fcupcr fluity of subjects, we think the matter of sub- jects and prizes could be advantageously re- vised and rearranged. In addition to our contention that the more elementary and un- developed classes should find their proper sphere in the local Eisteddfodau. the elimina- tion ot minor choral prizes and subjects would simplify and facilitate a readjustment of those more important which would then remain. There should be, as we think, at least a second prize in each class, and the amount of that prize ought to be at a rate very different to something like one-»ixth, or less, of the first prize offered, as at present. The one should be raised, and the other reduced the valley exalted," and the" mountain and lull made low." If it be urged that big choirs would lot compete should first prizes be curtailed the reply is that they did compete for much- less extravagant prizes in years past, as numerous choirs do at present in K ngland, and, lurthermore, a libera! second prize would probably prove an attraction that would more than compensate for any loss that may occu in the other direction. The use of the word I loss in that connection, however, is only a form of speech—the isooner the pot: hunting conductor and choir become extinct the better it will be for the Eisteddfod, and for music in Wales generally. In The Soio Classes, excellent voices were in evidence oncetriore. Our female aspirants will, it is to be hoped, remember the lesson taught in the fact that the honours went to those able to produce an even, steady tone, to enunciate clearly, but without ffort, and to interpret their work in a simple, unexaggerated roannfr. The ladies are especially mentioned because of their greater predilection for going astray in some of these matters particularly as regards the absurd and totally ineffective tremolo, which seems to possess a peculiar fascination for the fair sex. After listening to these splendid voices, male and female, the mittd is carried back through the lonS vista of many years' past eisteddfodau, at each of which voices of similar excellence wfrc heard and one cannot help asking if these of this year's at Carnarvon shall also go down to swell the stream oJ mediocrity, and finally of oblivion, as the vast majority of their predecessors did ? The har- vest is truly plenteous, and somewhat oddly, in this case, the labourers arc not few in [number, but the garner is strangely empty. Due to the fact, no doubt, that the work— what iittle there is-is done in a spasmodic and haphazard manner, the mere vocal ability is glorified and magnified, and the winning of a prize, especially at the National Eisteddfod, is the end attained, and A Means Secured for the victor to advertise him or herself as a full-fledged artist fortwith. To return, how. ever. to tbe immediate subject in hand, it is becoming more and more evident that competi tors in the solo vocal classes must be both classified and graded if the machinery of tbe Eisteddfod is not to quite break down Possibly, it may be said of the old institution as has been recently said of (he British Army, that it is A Product of Muddle," rotliei than method but tbe Eisteddfod, again like the British Army, has shown a wonderful amount of elasticity and virility in times of crises. It should not be above the wit of Welsh Eisteddfodists to devise means by which the preliminary competitions could be at the one and same time placed on a more satis- factory basis, and made less irksome and ex- hausting. A successful competitor in one class of voice should not be permitted to compete in another class. Even in instrumental clases- piano, violin, etc,a. competitor who proves to be a winner should be limited to that one competition irrespective of other considera- tions, such a course i that which will be:t serve his or her interests in the long run. Com- petitors should also be saved from themselves (and Eisteddfodic ujefulness and prestige preserved) who appear on the platform—if haply they should arrive at that stage—yeir after year—sometimes in luck," as it is termed, and sometimes otherwise. The results (for a time) may vary but the process is the down-grade, and the final lot invariable. Space will not permit more than a word or two In appreciation of The Effective Eisteddfod Choir, well-trained, and wellled by Mr John Williams, the splendid band of the Royal Marines (whose conductor is Lieutenant Miller, Mus. Bac.), the excellent periormance of Elgar's Caractacus," and of Mr David Evans's. Mus Baof. interest- ing and very well-orchestrated cantata. Rejoice in the Lord." The performance of Caradog," an historical drama from the pen of Mr Beriah G. Evans. the music by Mr J. T. Rees. Mus. Bac., at the Guildhall, on the Monday evening, we unable to attend but it is satisfactory to learn of the success of the nsw venture, however opinions may differ as to the feasibility of grafting the drama on the already heavily-laden Eisteddfod tree.

.A. certain actor of note had not much liair, and this fact was recently commented on to the actor by a lady whose friendship permitted personal allusions Why" said the lady you are lodng your hair all the time. You ll be bald if t his keeps on." Keeps on madam ? queried the actor, putting hi3 hand on what remained ot his hair. My daily prayer is that it will keep on."

Welsh Tit-bits. Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion By CADRAWD. THE PROGRAMME OF THE NATIONAL EISTEDDFOD, 1907. The devotee of the national cult may do hom- age at a hundred shrines in Eisteddfod Genhed- iaethol Abertae. The array of subjects and the magnitude of the prizes are unparalleled in the past history of the old institution. The theologian, the scientist, the political econo- mist, the artist, the musician, the craftsman, See., &c., will all find that very tempting baits are held out before their wondering gaze. One obvious criticism will occur readily to him who looks through the programme, and that is, that although too much is not expected for the money, peahaps a great deal too much is expected in the time. Who for instance, can do justice to such a subject as the doc rine or sin in the light of evolution, in tbe short space of nine months? Who, that is not already well furnished with material, could compile an exhaustive glossary of Glamoi ganshire words in three quarters ef a To compile a glossary of the kind con- templated by the Eisteddfod Association is the work of a life-time. It would be the labour of many a weary year to compile a glossary that would contain only obsolete Gwentian words —words that occur in the writings of our past poets and romancists—not to mention obsoles- cent and living words. We notice a very sensible departure in the matter of choice of language. Subjects of essays that are to be wiitten in Welsh are classified under one head, likewise those that that are to be written in English. It is no longer optional in any subject to write in either Welsh or English, but the language is specified. This is 3s it should be, and we hope future commit- tees will adhere to this plan. Wa compliment Undeb y Ddraig Goch on the fact that they have succeeded in indu. cing the committee to admit competition on the "TelynGeltaidd." To get a renaissance of harp playing, we must begn with the risirg generation, and "Y Delyn Gelt- aidd is the very thing to put in the hands of our children. We had hoped that the U. Dd. G." would have offered a prize for harp making, and even crwth making, the prototype of the queen of instruments, the violin. W. are told that there are a few Welshmen who are interested in the manu- facture of violins, and that some very superior violins have been made during the last few years in Glamorganshire. The Eisteddfod would do well to encourage the art of manu facturing, as well as playing our national instruments. We again congratulate the Swansea Eistedd- fod committee upon the'r success in presenting to us a very intelligent programme, and we alFO hope that yn mhen un dydd ablwyddyn" we shall bu ab'e to congratulate them again upon the fact that the Eisteddfod of 1907 will prove to be the most successful national festival ever held in Wales financially and intel- lectually. Wales as it Was. Llyn Safaddan," which was also called the Brecknock Meer," said to be so full of fi-h in 1793, tuat the inhabitants used to say that two thirds of it was water, and the rest fish. Vide Adams's Universal Geography of the above date The population of Wales was computed in the same work to number only 300,COO, and the revenue accruing to the Prince of Wales from the Principality was about £ S,C00 per annum. With respect to commerce, Wales is said to be, a l.ttle over a bundred years ago, on a footing with many of the Western and North- ern counties of England. Welsh trade then was mostly inland, exporting a great number of black cattle, which afforded excellent beef to the l.lntrlish. The town of Pembroke employed about 200 merchant ships, and the inhabitants of that town carried on an extensive trade. Brecknockshire took the lead in woollen manu- factures, and Wales carried on a great trade in coal with England, and even with Ireland. Denbighshire's capital vas famous for makicg gloves, and tanning leather. Beaumaris, the chief town of Anglesea, had two good otreeis, a handsome Church, and a harbour. Denbigh a good town. Wrexham had a tine Church. The town of Cardigan is credited with an elegant Church, county gaol, and a good harbour. Carmarthen bad a. fine stone bridge over the Towy, and a very commodious auay. Pembroke, however, had two handsome bridges over the Haven, two Churches, and a cu-itom-house. Carmarthen and Pembroke are esteemed the two politest cities in Wales, and are inhabited by numbers of gentlemen and wealthy tradesmen. Haverfordwest is called a handsome town, having three parishes, a commodious quay, a stone hridge- over the Dangleddvf, a free grammar school, a charity school, a custom hou e, and an almshouse. Glamorgan is only mentioned as being tbe southernmost part of Wales, Flint the other extremity. The principal industry, it appears, m Wales at the end of the 18th century was the Paris Mountain copper mine, which was then working to such extraordinary advantage in the Isle of Anglesea, which was a source of national wealth, as well as private wealth to its owner. This mountain is situated above eight miles distance from Holyhead road The ore found here was said to be the richest and most abundant in its produce of any mine o this metai that our country ever produced. Found so near the surface of the earth, it wasf worked with little labojr and expense, and consequently the proprietors for a time were enabled to undersell all other dealers in this commodit y. An immense quantify of copper ore was imported to this country from Sweden, before the discovery of copper ore in the Island of Moua, which we are told was a considerable loss to this country—"the balance of trade being agalsst us,"—by being obliged to purchase of Sweden for ready money, and not by way of barter in goods- Notice how keen on business even our old geographers were, always looking out for the lliggest profit. The proprietors of the Paris Mountain copper mines had at one time several vessels of 150 tons burthen, continually employed in conveying the copper, which was packed in cases and in sheets, to the wharf. The ships constituting the whole of the British Fleet were sheathed with this copper. Not only a great part, of Europe, but most, other countries at one time were supplied with copper from Anglesea. The East India Company exported in the year 1789 upwards of sixty tons for China, and the demand increased after that date. This mine was celebrated not only for its abundant produce, but also for the superior quality of the metal, being the purest of any found in any quarter of the globe. The clear profit upon an average for some years previous to tbe above date is said to have been nearly £90,00) annually, the principal proprietor being the Earl of Uxbridge. Towards the beginning of the last century, the number of hands employed in the Parys mines were upward of one thousand, working at the rate per day of one shilling and two pence. We are told that the companies engaged at that time who were making fabu. lous profits, supported a great nuffiber of poo people by their voluntary donations, amount. besides employing a great number of children of the aged and the in. firm, in light and easy work. They also Paid surgeons' and apothecaries' bills, which is said to amount to nearly £700 per annum, 1

MrsKJubbs (severely): I've been lying awake these three hours, waiting for you to octoe home.— Mr Klubbs (ruefully): And I've been staying away three hours, waiting for you to go to Ieep, Mother Well, did you get the situation as office boy?—Son No.—Mother: What was the matter ?—Son Don't know The gent is a lawyer, and he asked me if was a good whistler, and 1 told him 1 was the best whistler in our street and he said I wouldn't do. He must want a regular professional. • /•

Fashions and Things Feminine. 1 By MISS IDA MELLER. A Simple Silk Dress. There appears to be no inclination on fashion's part to change the existing edict in favour of soft. creaseiess silks, and bring in again the crisp, rustling taffetas of years ago but there are indications that heavy siiks will presently be fashionable though. for the time, taffetas mousseline remains correct, and few materials are more usefv] for smart dresses for all occasions. The black taffetas gown has done- good seivice during the past year or two, and ean still hold its own even among newer fashions, anj is useful alike for mourning and gor.er.il wear. Thedress sketched is copied trom a mourning gown carried out entirely in black taffetas, unrelieved by lace chiffon, or any otber trimming, but there is n'fl reason that the de- sign should not be applied to colour—for in- stance, to a gown of pale blue taffetas, which wouid assuredly look well thus made, especially if the square neck were bordered with blue velvet to match, and the velvet repeated at the waist. The original of the dress sketched is bordered at the neck with taffetas-black. like the rest of the gown—to which the simple little bodice is gathered, and the skirt ha.adeep, gathered flounce, trin-nu-d with little frills, while at the waist is a h-°-h. boned belt of [rathered bbck silk, and the sleeves are finished with J rills which harmonise with the flounce. I'he jown is attractive by reason of its simpli- city, for seldom is it that a touch of lace is omitted at least from the neck of a frock, appearing either as a coiiur. vest. or tucker The skllt, iL will be leen, -of the dress sketched is gathered at the waist. A Pretty Blouse. In spite of the change of season, white blouses remain as fashionable as during the height of summer, only muslin? ure tor the most part replaced by 1 he delaine or other woolh ns, and the whit^ blouse is covered un out of doors by a coat. Wh to crepe de chine and soft silk blouses are pet s oi aashion that prevail to a large extent, and white lawn blonses with lace incrustations continue lo be worn, even though we are approaching October. It £ as become a recog- nised fashion, since man# seasons ago, for women to clothe them-:el' in airy materials, such as thin washing silk afcd cambric ill the year r >und. making up for/he deficiercy of warmth in winter by weafing suft woollen' underneath. 01 cour-e. the Wtolien undergar- ment i-nust nc)t I)e visible through the trans pareucy of a yoke, and for this reason women choosi) even their winler woollens with lotr-cut necks, for the unlined yoke of lace is still an ad-prevailing fa-hion, and one that is not willingly sacrificed The round yoke is in high favour, and the iace of which it is composed is frequently united by. or strapped with, narrow bauds of the blouse material-as witness the charming little blouse sketched, which is of ci eam-coloured soft silk, with a yoke of guipure insertion joined by folded bands of the silk. Tbiee fair-sized tucks appear above the wait. and are repeateJ on the sleeves, which are finished with frills, and nicely nthered into the armhoks The crossway tucked effect is cne that specially commends itself to thin silk or crepe de chine, find is a mode particularly well suited to a slim figure. The Vogue in Tartans. The vogue in tartans is not diminishing, but with the new season have come into existence some smart silks and woollens in a variety of plaid mixtures the silks being reserved for blouses and Jinings. Dark red. or blue-and- green tartan,; in good qualit y silks are smart accompaniments to cloth-skirts, made up a simple shirts or cross-over blouses, and they wear so well that they may be earnestly recommended to the consideration of those who are obliged to study economy. Daring effects in plaids should be avoided by the economically disposed, but the quieter mixtures will he found most satisfactory. A short black tie is a becoming touch to a red tartan blouse, and a blick velvet faci- g to the collar and cuffs W! I assuredly succeed in throw- ing up to excellent advantage the richness of the tartan colo-tirings. The sobering influence of dark velvets is rarely anvss in connection with silk plaids It is a touch French dress- makers and their clients are very fond of introducing. Worn with a skirt of navy blue oatmea\ cloth is a chic, blouse of dark b ue- and green tartan silk, with a small turn-over collar faced with green velvet, and cuffs to the full el bow-sleeves lo match and the blousa to a skirt of black poplinette is of red tartan silk in rich mixtures, trimmed with black velvet but tons and facinszg while a charming effect is shown in a blouqe of niauve, violet and ereen tartan sqk that accompanies a skirt, of violet cloth with a coat to msdeh turned back at the neck with a violet velvet collar overlaid with guipure. Home Made Eau de Cologne. The following recipe for making eau de Cologne comes from Heidelberg :—Essence of rosemary, i drachm essence of neroli, i drachm essence of bergamot. 1 drachm; essence of lemon J drachm spirits of wine. 1 quart.. Mix all the ingredients bottle them, and cork the bottle tightly. Beautifying the Skin. The best method of keeping the skin clean and hea'thy is, as everybody knows, by ablu- tion and baths, using soft water, and an emollient soap. But. in addition. friction is a most valuable agent. 10 the ordinary way, it is enough to friction the skin of the face with the bare hand. applying a lather of soap and water with the palms, and afterwards rinsing and sluicing with a sponge but when the pores are somewhat over-charged, something more than simple friction with the smooth hand is generally required, and in such cases the use of a piece of flannel or white serge; doubled and spread across the band, is effective. Friction the skin with this, first with soap, and after wards with water to rinse the soap off. and the complexion will become bright and clear, especially if the surface is wiped dry with a moderately rough, but not stiff, towel, which is very much better for bringing up the beauty of the skin than a very fine, soft towel. For bath purposes, the flesh brush should take tbe place of flannel. Indeed, the vigorous use of the flesh brush or glove may be recommended as an effective substitute for a bath where the latter is not at. hand. as the rough glove cr brush cleanses the skin of small particles which are apt to cling to it from the ctoth-ng that is in daily contact with the body. Dry friction is as valuable in its way as soap and water, and it is not only capable of cleansing the skin, but is advantageous also in invigorating the whole system, stirring up the skin to healthy action.

The Bulb Season. Almost before we can realise it, winter will be upon us, and those who are in the habit of potting bulbs for blooming in early spring will be making their selection from the catalogues which thedealers are now busy posting to their customers. It is not wise to leave the purchas- ing of bulbs until near the actual time of pot- ting, as it not infrequently happens that the best have been selected, says Gardening Illus- trated." Neitherdoes it follow that all hough prominence is given to Hyacinths, Tulips, aud Narcissi, they are the only things worth forcing. It is well to remember that one may have much variety without spendmg a great deal of money from such things as Snowdrops, Chionodoxas, Scillas, &c. Those who put up crowns of Lily of the Valley are sometimes di-appointed to find that when they are forced, there is a lack of foliage, and having regard to this, it is a good plan to pot or box a root from the garden ior supplying leaves. There are other things, too, which we afe accustomed to locked up .n almost as garden flowers, nt-tably Spanish Irises. Montbretias, Dielytras, and Solomon's Sea), all of which can be potted at almost any time now, placed n a cold-frame under ashes, to induce root formation, and then be gently forced êarly in the new year. Protecting and Ripening New Growths of Rambler Roses. These new growths in many cases now running along the ground or waving about in the wind, are very liable to injury. It is well to tie them up to supports of some kind. Roses such as Dorothy Perkins are naturally procnm bent, so that it is only by tying up and getting the growths well under the influence of the -u.n's rays that thorough ripening ii accom- plished By attention to this detail and remo- ving at once old worn-out growths, a tho- roughly good blossoming next season is secured. Growth may be assisted by wat ering with liquid-manure once a week during this mouth. Avoid a. crowded condition of the growths as far as possible. Fruit Garden. Cut away old canes from Raspberries which have borne fruit, and thin voung canes to the requisite number ior next season's bearing. A few young canes may be left well situated for re noval for making new plantations. It is not wise to leave Raspberries too long on the same spot. Remove to a fresh site belore exhaustion sets in. Autumn-bearing Raspberries should be supported to keep them off the ground The canes of these are cut down after bearing, as they bear on the young canes of the current season. To obtain fine fruits an annual top- dressing should be given Figs on walls will now be ripening. F g borders should alsvays be mulched in summer to encourage the surface r:ots. The young growths should be kept thin and nailed to the wall, to let in the sunsh'te to ripen fruit and wood. If for travel- ling, gather before tLe fruits are quite ripe. and pack each fruit separately in a Vine leaf. Pack in shallow boxes that will hold one layer of fruit. Mnke a soft bed with paper shavings or wood-wool, and pack firmly. A good soaking of liquid manure will give size to open air grapes If these were as well nourished as are indoor grapes the fruit would ripen better, and the berries be much larger. Remove sub- laterals. Old wood may be cut out of Peaches when tb- fruits are gai hered. A guod soaking of liquid-manure will help late Apples. Parsley. Parsley, being always in demand, care should be taken at all times to ensure that there shall be no break in the eupply, says a writer in the '• Gardener's Chronicle." In rttder to ensure this during winter, there must necessarily be some protection afforded against excessive rain, frost, and snow, and nothing provides this better than do frames. The best results are obtained irom young plants which lin-. e been transplanted in early summer, grown on strongly, and lifted early in autumn and placed rather ciosely together in a roJd frame. Th's lifting should be carried out in time for the plants to recover the shift and make good growih in their new quarters before winter sets in, thus a lowing the earlier leafage to Le gathered off in order to induce the formation of new leaves When left until too late, the old leaves have to be used instead of fresh and crisp growths. The close-growing and finely curled varieties are much the best for this purpose. Vegetable Garden. See that Celery is thoroughly moistened before earthing up, though the foliage of the plants should be dry at the time the soil is r. pplied. Draw the stalks of the plants to- gether with a string of matting first, to keep the soil outoi the hearts of the plants. The old- fashioned plan was for a boy to walk back- wards. standing over the row of plants, and holdinc the leaves together, whilst a man on each side applied the soil, but a string of mat- ting makes better and cheaper work. The soil should be pressed round each plant with the hands first, and then the sides banked up with the spade in such a form that the rains will b3 thrown off Lift a few strong Parsley roots, cut off the old leaves, and plant in wa; In position where shelter can be given in winter. Sow several kinds of Cauliflower, both early and late. Pull up and harvest the main crory of Onions when the growth is completed and the growth is dying down. Shallots and Garlic should al-o be well dried and stored away. It is time the Onions and Spinach were sown now, even in the south, where later sowings are per- missible. Collect horse-manure and prepare 'or making Mushroom beds on a considerable scale in buildings whøre the frost can be kept out. Plant out hardy kinds of Lettuces largely now. Some of these may be placed in frames later. Lime in Soils. It has long been recognised that the lime in soils is subject to regular loss. This is owing to the carbonic acid wli" h is present, in rain- water. and also that which is constantly being formed in the soil itself acting as a solvent to any lime which may be there, and so removing it into the drains, or to the general stock of underground water, and out of t' e reach of most garden crops. Ordinary garden soils. which contain upwards of one per cent, of lime, and but little organic matter, are subject to a normal loss of carbonate of lime in the drain- age water amounting to about 8001b. per acre every year. Most of the carbonate of lime pre- sent in soils has been derived either from the natural chalk formation of the district, or from ortificial applications of chalk to the land, or dressings of quicklime and marl. The loss of this carbonate of lime in soils is increased by the use of manures containing sulphite of am- monia, low grade acid superphosphates, or coal ashes, but is diminished by the use of nitrate of soda, basic slag. farmyjlrd, and stable manure, and vegetable debris. HINTS TO'AMATEURS. Window-boxes, where watered sufficiently, are still bright, and if dead flowers and faded leaves ars removed, they will last some time time yet. Cuttings may be taken to raise young plants. If some of the early-flowering Chrysanthe- mums have been grrwn in 5in. or 6in. pots. they will be ready to take the place of the Pelargoniums or W allflower?. Pansies or bulbs may follow the Chrysanthemums. Tub gardening, wiere introduced, has been a, great success. One can drop a good-sized tub down wherever a bit of colour is wanted. Among the attractive shrubs which are in flower now are the Bucks eye and the Venetian Sumach. Good-sized masses of Clematis Jack- mani, and the late-flowering C. Fiammula may easily be made interesting features, either on arches or on structures made of wire or bam. boo, which permits a good deal of freedom to the growth. Pillar or pole-Roses, instead of standing singly, may be placed in groups. It is mainly a question of selecting and preparing suitable sites. The varieties of climbing and rambler Roses are becoming so numerous now that one seems compelled to use as many, of them as possible This is supposed to be a leisure time for the gardsner (but many do not find it so), and so attention can-in. fact, must-be given to making plans for the future. In many gardens cuttings are scarce, but the longer the w6rk is I delayed, the more failures we shall have.

Illustrated Humour. Sure. Spea-king of inside tips, they are telling ef the little boy and the Christian Scientist. The boy was complaining of an ache in his stomach when the Christian Scientist told him he wasn't ill at all-tliat be just imagined he was. I But I know better." said the boy I've got iuside information." An Accident. Magistrate You are charged with breaking a chair over your wife's bead. Prisoner I am very sorry, your honour, but it was an accident. You didn't mean to bit her, then?" Yes, I did but I didn't intend to break the chair," I That Was All. I Effie: Jack and I fished for four hours yes- terdav. Elsie: Catch anything? Effie (coyly): Only Jack. Happy Thought. Mrs Housekeep: You're always up so early, Bridget, there's lets of your work you might get done before any ofthefamilyget up. Bridget Tbrue for ye, ma'am. I might be making up tLe beds Well Defined. Lily: Last nia;ht was the happiest in my life. It brought me one round of pleasure. What do you consider 'one round of pleasure '? An engagement ring." In a Lancashire Cotton Milt. I A four-loom weaver, noted for being late eve y morning, was met by the gaffer with his watch in hand, and who said to him- Do you know what time they start work here?" To this the late one replied— Now, I doan't, be'cos they're alius agate when I coma." There is a vacancy now. ImpHatve Mood. Schoolmaster: Now Jones minor give me a sentence and then we'h change it to the imper- ative form. Jones Minor Tbe horse draws the waggon. Schoolmaster Now put it in the impera- tive Jones Minor Gee-up. Hardly. I Aunt (meeting Tommy, who bears unmistak- able signs of having had the worst of a severe conflict): Ob. Tommy, Tommy, you bave dis. obeyed me again. How often have I told you not to play with those wicked Smith boys! Tommy (tragically) Auntie, do I look as if I had been playing with anybody? Was Quite Conversant. The first witness called in a recent petty lawsjit in Cincinnati was an Irishman, of whose competence as a witness oppoisng counsel entertained doubt. At their instance there was put to him, before being sworn the usual interrogatory. "Do you know the nature of an oatu ? A broad grin overspread the face of the Irishman as tie replied Indade, your Honour, Oi may say that it s second nature wid me." Conscientious. Young Wife Wbai's the trouble? Why do you sit on the edge of the chair? Husband Well, dear, you know we are buying it on the instalment, plan, an:, i a I I feel entitled to. Bridegroom and Hero. Winnie says she will never marry any man who isn't a hero." But sne can easily convert any man into a hero. How?" By getting him to marry her." Borglar Gimme yer jewels.-Lad-y of the House Did you shut Lhe window after you ? Are you sure you wiped your leet ? What did you do wita the burnt matcn ? Did- Burglar: Er-l guess I lorgot it. Don't say another word, m¡.am, an' I" i go right out." A class of little girls at school was asked the meaning of the word philosopher." Most of the hands were extended, but one child seenaed especially anxious to tell. Well, Annie, what is a philosopher T" asked the teacher. A man that rides a philosophede," was the little I girl's answer.

TALKS ON HEALTH. BY DR. ANDREW WILSON. The Oncc-ming of Autumn. Presently the autumn season will be upon I us, bringing in its train to all people an in- creased risk of certain* diseases. This se-isonal prevalence of disease is a teature which Has lonq since attracted the notice of physicians, and they know tMat certain ailments, many of them of an infectious nature, like living beings themselves, seem to choose a particular period of the year at. which they attain their fullest development. This fact is not at aii wonder- ful considering that in the case of infectious diseases the cause is represented hy germs, I' which are themselves living things and which therefore conform to the ordinary laws of hfe, amongst which we find m the case of each animal or plant a special tendency to develop- ment and growth at one period over another. It is hardly needfui to point out that when the nights grow long and the days shorten, the temperature falls. there is greater risk of dishes due to cold and chili. I think many people foolishly delay changing into warmer clothing after the summer, and thus pay the penaly in the shape of cold, bronchitis, rheu- raatism, and lik; troubles. It is not necessary to enlarge upon this latter point and to urge that we should all at once adopt our winter clothing, but com- sense Wouid dictate the necessity of our makIng a gradual difference between the slighter clothing adapted tor summer and that, enabling us to ;ace the beginning of October, or even it may be the chill which sets in in the latter part of September itself. An Autumn Disease. o-day" I wish to say something regarding a disease which is certainly a typical ailment of the autumn The consideration of this par. ticuiar disease may also be iound to teach us certain important r.ealth lessons. the ob- servance of which would undoubtedlY benefit the community at large. The disease to wnictI I allude is typhoid fever." otherwise known as enteric" fever," under which latter name it acquired a most enenviabie prominence during the Boer War. This fever was long confused with typhus fever, but the distinction between the two was gradu- ally made out, and confirmed by various ob- servers, after a close study. of the two diseases. Typhoid fever is an ailment which specially develops in the autumn, and 1 should say the gieat majority of cases acquire the infection in the latter part of ep. tember and during Octobcr. Cases of the dis- ease are, of course, not unknown at other periods of the year, hut it is in the autumn, as it were, that it lights up most prominently as regards the number ot cases—a lact wnich largely gives rise to the popular American name for it. fall fever." Causes and Symptoms. The cause of this fever is perfectly well known in tbe sbape of a partieuiar germ, It specially attacks the lining membrane of the small bowel, in which it causes inflammation and ulceration. We can understand from this latter fa<-t how important a part of the treat- ment of typhoid iever is that represented by the leeding of the patient. Milk is practi- cally the only food allowed, for if solid food were to be given mm his chances of surviving would be very small, the danger here bemg that the sohd food, passing ,nto the weakened digestive system, would cause rupture of the bowel, and subsequent aeatu Typhoid lever is liable to affect any age, hut it is most common between the ages of ten and twelve and thirty years. Alter the germs ot the dis- ease Lave been swallowed, there .8 a period. named the incubation period, during which they are breeding and multiplying in the body. This is the peiiod which comes before the onset 01 the active symptoms of the fever. In typhoid fever the period between in;ec- tion and the active appearance 0, the symp- toms is from fourteen to twenty-one days. uring this period, although the fever is not actively developed, the patient is weak, lan- guid, and often troubled with headache, and shows a distinct inability ,0 do work and a dislike for exertion. One characteristic of this fever is the lact that the temperature of the body is always higher in the eveniag than in the morning, a feature which runs though- out the disease. Tbe eruption is not a very characteristic one. and In some cases may with difficulty be detected. It makes its ap. pearance in the shape of rjse coloured spots appearing on the abdomen, and sometimes on the chest or limbs. They are rounded in lor en, and aft er three days disappear and are suc- ceeded by others The abdomen itself lsapl to be distended, and if careful pressure be made on the abdomen at the right side below, pain maybe witb a gurghng sort of sensa- tion. Dianhoea is usualiy present. Source of Infection. Such are the symptoms of a very grave disease indeed. It may be "aid here that the sooner the disease is detected and the sooner the patient to bed the greater are the chances of his recovery. This iast is very important, so that if any of the symptoms I have described begin to be apparent or noticeable in the person, especially during the 81Üumn season, his only wise plan IS to his off to the doctor and tafce his advice and opinion regarding his state. The public health lesson we learn regarding tnis disease is that of the high importance of seeing that the water we drink is pure and free from typhoid germs, and that the miik we con- sume is not infected through b3;ng brought in contact with dirty water. If every of t.VphOid were properly looked after, and the bowel discharges duly disinfected, so as to destroy all cerms of the disease, instead oi having hundreds ot cases every year we should reduce the number to a comparative few. Boil or fitter the water thoroughlyt and see that the milk is obtained from s source that is guaranteed safe. But please to remember that ordinary filters are not of the slightest use for keeping back disease germs from the water they allow to flow through them The only filters which are recognised by medical men are those of the Berkteld type. Remember also that oysters, cockles, and mus- sels (even if the two latter be boiled) may cun- vey this tever if the shellfish have been obtained from sea water to which the sewage of towns has bad access. A Throat Trouble. About the present season of the year it is no uncommon thing to find people suffering from a variety of throat trouble of a very annoying kind. I allude to that complaint in which there is not so much pain experienced in swal- lowing as a nasty sensation produced by tba lodgment of mucus (or the secretion of the nose) at the back of the nose cavities and be- tween them and the throat. The result is that the patient is troubled with a cough and with the intense desire to" hawk" aDd spit bv way of clearing the passages. Especially on rising in the morning are these symptoms present. aod th", efl0rt to dislodge the mucas often results in actual vomiting being produced. The ailment is a specie.s of •• catarrh" or cold, and often succeeds upon a cold in the head which has not been properly and effec- tively cured. One can onlv account for its frequent appearance at the beginning of autumn on th2 ground that the change ot temperature, favouring cold, has caused some- inflammation on the r ning membrane of the nose ca v¡ties, producing an increased and altered secretion of the mucus natural to those parts. About Treatment. Chanze of air will often assist recovery in a marked degree, as also will a tonic if the. system needs bracing up I have most faith in the application of vapour in the nose. such vapours being inhaled hy the mouth, and brought, down the nostrils. No better appliance for the cure of this ailment exists than the chloride of ammonium inhaler, which any chemist will supply He will also show the exact manner in which the apparatus is to be used. This vapour is also useful in cases of ord nary cold in the head. Cubeb cigarettes may be smoked, an the smoke brought down the nostrils. d such an ailment is not attended to. it is apt to assume a, chronic and lasting condition. Fail- ing the success of the simple remedies 1 have described, a specialist should be consulted, as thickening of the lin'ng membrane and affec- tions of the nose bones are apt to ensue.

Songs for the People. Andrew Fletcher, of Saitoun, in a. letter to the Marquis of Montrose, wrote J know.. yery wise man thit believed that if » man were permitted to make all ballads he need not care who sboaid make tbe laws of tbe nation." MY LITTLE ONE. I think about Life's sorrows—the troubles of the wav- But I know that I'm a-lovin' him each mi nut* in the day His rosy cheeks half-hidden in my tressea, The little one that's climbing up to kiss me I think about Life's sorrotVs-the shadows in the skies But the kiss of bim-it stifles, on the mother- lips, the sighs N And I catch a glimpse of heaven in his sunny. laughing; eyes. The little one that's climbing up to kiss me Away, then, with Life's sorrows—the shade wi biack—they go I see the springtime roues all in blooaom the snow Whilst he's clingin' to me this way—whilst of me so— The little one that's climbing up to kiss zne i | —Frank I* j