The Cambrian News and Merionethshire Standard

HINTS FOR ALLOTMENT HOLDERS. By SPADE-WORKER. FRESH WINTER VEGETABLES. There are probably not many allotment- holders who grow seakale and rhubarb for the purpose of obtaining an early crop of produce. Yet, providing one has the roots, there is nothing it all difficult in the mat- ter, for both these crops can be induced to make fresh growth with little trouble. Need- less to say, they make au exceptionally pleasant change from greens and such root crops as carrot and parsr.ip. The simplest way to obtain early rhubarb is to lift a few roots and plant them in about lOin. of soil at the bottom of a barrel or deep box, the latter being placed on bricks and put in the warmest corner available. The top of the barrel is then covered with a piece of packing, board, or ether material to darken j the interior, and fresh stable manure is heaped up all round and on top of the barrel. Leaves may be used instead of manure, but ia that case the produce will not be ready so soon. Seakale !may be treated similarly. Both rhubarb hnd sea- kale can be forced into growth wllere t'iiey are planted, simply by placing the box or barrel over the roots and using manure or leaves as directed. LEEKS. A good deal may be done to assist this invaluable winter vegetable by attending carefully to the final earthing up. The soil should be banked up well, almost to the tips of the plants, and the ridge ought to fall steeply on each side. If thus earthed up the finest produce may be expected, and the pro- tection thus given will be especially bene- ficial. PRIZEWINNING HINTS. Onions do not appear to have kept well this season, if one may judge by the letters received from various correspondents. Our readers therefore will, no doubt, be in- terested in the following note and illustra- tion from Mr. W. H. Wells, to whom a ?rize of "The Garden: How to Make It ay is awarded. I have tried several ■ways of storing onions, but I find the fol- lowing to be by far best. When the onions are dry the roots are trimmed, the green tops well shortened, and string is tied to the bulbs, as shown in Fig. 1. I Awlr& OL "G z Storing Onions. Thus bending down the "neck" prevents the bulb sprouting. A piece of rope 30in. long is procured, the first onion being tied at the bottom. The others are then fastened similarly, and they fall naturally into posi- tion (Fig 2). When an onion is wanted it can be cut off without disturbing the others. It is necfcscarv to store in a cool place. THE PROFITABLE RASPBERRY. There is no more profitable fruit than the raspberry, and few are better suited to planting on the allotment. The raspberry thrives in ordinary, well-dug soil, and rarely fails to yield a good crop. Progress is slow for the first year, but afterwards the diffi- culty generally is to keep the plants within reasonable bounds. One important point is that the soil must not be allowed to get dry in summer and for this reason if/is wise to choose a partially-shaded position if possible, and to apply a mulch of manarel of leaves on the soil in spring. Plant the raspberries as soon as possible at about 2ft. apart, and cut down the canes in February to within 6in. of the ground. In subsequent years cut out the canes which have fruited and leave six or eight fresh ones at each clump. Excellent varieties are Superlative and The Devon. THE USEFUL ASPARAGUS KALE. In regard to winter greens, you will have a few rows of asparagus kale. Although asparagus kale has, in many cases, attained a large size now, there is not the slightest neeti to gather any of it, especially when plenty of other greenstuff is about, because it is very hardy. The more frost it experi- ences the better flavoured it becomes; at least, that is my opinion. One needs to be equally economical with other hardy kales, such as purple sprouting broccoli, curly kale. Ragged Jack, and cottager's kale. PROTECTING CELERY. Rows of celery on exposed allotments really need some protection against severe frost, yet it is rarely afforded. It is, after all, rather amusing to note that the profes- sional gardener, working inside lovely gar- den walls, deems it necessary to protect his crop even under such sheltered circum- stances, whilst tlhfci plot holder in nine cases out of ten deliberately ruins all 'his hard work of the summer by leaving celery un- protected. There can be no doubt that a week'a hard frost on the exposed plants causes the stems to rot to a considerable ex- tent directly the thaw sets in. PRUNING BLACK CURRANTS. When this work is taken in hand it is well to remember that it is of the utmost benefit to cut out as much of the old fruiting wood as possible, allowing young growth from the I base to remain at full length. These young shoots produce by far the finest fruits, and produce them along their entire length, whereas the old wood only produces inferior fruit in patches. Some may argue that if they cut out the old wood there will be no bush left because there is no young growth froim the base to take its place. Such des- perate cases prove that the bushes have not been properly pruned in previous seasons, and need desperate remedies. I would cut all such worthless specimens right down, knowing well that plenty of young basal growth would spring up in the course of a year or so. PRIZE COMPETITION FOR ALLOT- MENT HOLDERS. Every week two prizes are offered for the best allotment hint or recipe. Tho prizes consist of usefuf gardening books. All en- tries for this competition must be addressed "Spadeworker," care of Editor of this paper. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Amateur.-The sooner you get the fruit bushes in the better, though there is no advantage in planting when the soil is is sodden!^ It is net advisable to plant straw- berries now; wait until February. Doubtful.—You cannot do better than apply basic slag now at the rate of 6oz. per square yard In spring, a week or two be- fore planting or sowing, use superphosphate of lime 5 parts, sulphate of ammonia 3 parts, and apply at the rate of 2oz. per square yard. E. K. S.—Coloured potatoes are very scarce this season, and few growers have I seed tubers to sell, except, of course, such varieties as King Edward. "Spadeworker" is open to give practical advice, free of charge, to readers of this paper. Replies will be sent bv post if a stamped addressed envelope is enclosed. Address your inquiries to Spadeworker," l'are of Editor.

I I Creamiest Castard4) The Borth Motor and Engineering Works Adjoining the Hotel). Under the Manaaement of late Workshops Officer K.A.S.C.—M.T.) Cars for Hire. Petrol. Oil. Tyres, Repairs, Accessories, &c Quotations for Car Lighting & Starting Sets -also for- Electric Petrol or Acetvlcne Gas Lighting Plants lor Private Houses. Estimates Free

Poultry. EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITIONS. Many of the big Utility breeders look upon the poultry show M a waste of time and money because to them the show fosters the raising of stock no good for eggs or table. Of course one needs first of all to define what utility man is and what it all means. To say that no breeds for oggs only or table is beside the mairk because when you reckon < all up the fancy breeder produces eggs and a good many of them, while the. table stuff he I raises cannot be surpassed by anything which ( the so called utility man raises. At the big shows grand table fowls aire seen, most or them put on the bench by fatteners whom would be called utility men, and yet they usually send to the fancy breeder for their stock, and in many cases for the actual birds for fatoning. I know of many men who buy the biggest framed birds not of sound co^ir from the fancier. Then all they need is to put on the finishing touches and make the birds win which leads folk to suppose that this is all the result of utility brooding. The holding of shows is an education which should be free from the entertainment tax, because it does act interest only those who are in the industry whether in & small baek ys.rd or in a farm. A man visits the show to see what his stock is like compared with others, and whether he is working on the right lines so that he may continue to re- arrange as the breeds command. It is onite oasy to get wrapped up in one's own stock so much, the good in others is rd-, worth anything, but a show should revea.! the fact that others have been breeding ?nd producing birds equal to those or better the.n you have at home. Despite tho fact that the average utility man looks upon a show as a. farce, the Utility Society have been ho'ding shows lately which comprise all the breeds that lay best, and d splays the correct type of Jry:ng fowl. At those shows held for fancy stock .classes are given for the best laying hen, usually pure and eross breed so that the best layer can be seen. ThP-D among the other classes one often finds some of tiicq. laying type particularly fmonj the Leghorns and Wyandottes and thoso are different from the others because they are much smaller. MI)a jeocks of ali breeds when wanted for laying should be smaller in body and more acthre than the show type and these will fertilise tho eggs better than when using a big bird. Watch tha cockerels from the best laying hens and yof. will find them very long in head, fine and clean on face, with a neat comb and only a small lobe, but carrying a good amount of fesrther. ^Tliifi will apply to eltiher vaxilp-ty axli while not infallible it can be taken as a safo guide. No matter for what breeding the smallest cock will usually fertile more gs, and the germ comes out strong and vigorous which moans a quick growth. It is a general rule that the colour and quality come from the cock, and the size and shop* from the hens, and I have proved very cer- tain that you cannot produce very big birds from small hens n0 matter hc-w big the cocki may be. Most utility men ignore the breed- ing b:.ds unless they have a good record and though this may be correct up to a point, the stamins often fal's down to make a record. One, of the best objects lessens was held the other day at Lewes when the Sussex Club held their annual show when cvrjr 400 antrt03 were mado including V>e lrvo fowl, the table bird and the eggs which the Sussex lay. Anyone could see what. the breed was capable of doing and tihea what they could produce, so that the result was satisfactory alike to both fancy and utility breeders.

EXPERIMENTAL HOUSE. The greater latitude in building authorised under tilie receney-ssut+.:I housing regulations of tho Ministry of Health 13 doing much to stimulate interest in materials of construction other than thn familiar bricks and mortar. There are a hast of rival olitiir-rn' "'i; adver- tising the merits of dwellings constructed with timber, steel, sltfcs and many other sub- stances, which are bsing brought forward in bewildcJing profusion. Tho housing probloin has resolved itself more or less into a .-JUCK- tion Oi cheapness with durabil;tv and local construct'on depends mainly on the materials available in the district. At Bourneville, which h;is long been associated with pioneer work in housing reform thoy are conducting an ex- periment which is likely to pi-ove ,of 1)16 utmost value. Owing to the prohibitive cost of building with bricks and mortar several s'.mp'o houses are being built of concrete, t;m.l)-er. v.,nd "pise de terra" to find out the cheapest to construct. The experiment is pro- voking the interest of the Housing Director ti London and the Housing Commissioner in Birmingham and it will be a valuable one it it proves no more than tbat bricks d mor- tar hold the field against their competitors.

ABERAYRON MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY.— The second meeting of the session was held en Thursday evening, November 27th, at the Tsibemac'e Vestry. Mr Howell Evans, M.A., presided. The programme of the evening consisted of impromptu debates. The speak- ers were, Mr Danj -J Jenkins, C.M., AkLernrvn J. M. Howell, Rev. D. Lew-a liow, Rev J. Davies (W.). Mr E. T. Rees; Mr D. Davieg (clerk to tho Urban Council). Mr J. R. Evans. Much, interest is evincVd 1n Prof. ZimniAh's lectitro on tho 10t.11 D., which will be given in the Pool Vestry Room. SEA TRAGEDY.-ThA owners of the ship "Tallus. which sailed from Glasgow for Now York on the 14th June, and of which no news has boom ever heard, have now com. mun <:a.tfl with Mrs Evans, Walcot House, thiV they have abandoned all hope. Crpt. Lewis Evans, her husband, was the chief officer ot the ship. Mrs Evans has a son and daugh- ter, hc-th grown un. The son is in the mo- rantilo marine. Much sympathy is felt for tho family who ha.ve borne so great a weight of anxiety. COlJTY BCIIOCfL GOVERNORS.—Wed- nesday, December 3rd, present., Messrs. J. M. K>we!l, J.P. (chairman), E Lima Jones, J.P., J Joil's, J.P.. O.vmere; Mrs Jones, Roaeland. Lh"!}<1; Messrs. H. Evans, M.A., h^admrster; Da.niel Jenkins, C.M.. clerk. — The Head- master. who ha.d applied for the recognition of an advanced course in English language 3.n:1 literature, arid Welsh language and lite.-aturo. reported upon the provisional conditions with the view of obtaining the g'&nt -nd of carrying out the course TbOt allocation of the special grant of E400 if augmentation of salaries consequent on adopting the cotirse and re-adjusting to!). syllabus to meet the circumstances. wlx arrfl,d upon "after a teng discussion. The p-cp'sal must rore've the approval of the Board of Education. It wns ar'recvl that the. prize dav be on the l&t«h inst, whom Dr. Walford Davie* ">"■'1! distribute the prices, and address a pub- lic meet-in? in the evening. A letter of .N>1- oiry for ?.bsence was received from Niss Ti-rwis, Tyglvn Aeroii, who wrot to") say that tho was suffering from the results of an seci- dcot and was unable to leave the house. CARDIP-AM. DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE.—On Wed- nesday ;n the Divorce C-urt the President granted Tom Wilson, of Cartiugham Hill, Btilley, su dissolut:on cf maxrgi,o with his wife on the ground of her misconduct with John A. Bedford, stated to be a merchant, and awarded the petitioner the agreed dam- ages of £400. WhiJs. petitioner was at the fr^nt in the Royal Art.'l'fry respondent a.ct-&oi as houstskeciper to the corespondent at Cardigan. Whilst petitioner was away he no:1 the respondent sold his gprocery tnt off-licence business, and she had declared shs would prefer to live with co-respondent. When petitioner saw no-respondent he said he had 'o-e a low-down trick and mupt make the best of it.

HENLLAN. DEBATE. A'j Gwemllwyn Debating -v on Fr'day an interesting clebato took place on "Whether wc.th or poverty does the greater amount of good to religion." Mr J. K Dohn. c^ampi^Tifd the cause of [ wea'th :,nd Mi- John Jones. Liwynglas, rtgucid on beli,lf "f poverty. FFNEH.L.-Jn'.erment took place on Fri- day of Mr. Samuel Jones, Llwynffynon, at L'anilar. The Revs. E. S. Davies. Capet D:tindcd,: W. J. Evans, L'anfaimrl 1 wyn; E. O..Jones, Llangonllo, and E. J. Davies, Bangor Tldi, officiated. Deceased was 92 years of apo, and Jea.vo; several grown-up children. Ho had hr'} a shefemakor by trade. Another inhabitant passed iiway last Wednesday in the person of Mrs. Lciwis, Dyffryn, widow of Rev D. Lewis, rector of Llanfair. She is survived by a daugJitoo', brother, and three sisters.

jnfes-HEIiMlS'S-t mgK "LINCOLNSHIRE:" I MkfcPIC POWPEPSl CURE diseases OF pics. I Soon r'jpay their rmoll cv>sU ■ Sold rvcrywlRTe, 1ML perdox. pu#i. u- I I l1- ni. Uir Solw Pri>|>rvu>r. E I 4Kl^=> ^4' J. W. DENNIS, CkflBst, LOUTH. Uaca | I

Farmer's Column. HORSE BREEDING IN ENGLAND AND WALES. Thoso concerned with home breeding ,c would do well to procure a copy of the Statutary Rules and Orders (1919 No. 1A39). which costs ld. at the Stationery Office or its various agencies. The Horse Breeding Act supersedes the Board's voluntwty regia Urati-on of etalIVns, under which 2334 stal-I lions wore registered last year, and its primary object is to rid the country of the unsound and unsuitable travelling stallions, which have done so much harm to the horse- breeding industry in past yeare. It may be of interest to know !&'he salient points in con- nection with the new regulations. After the 1st January next, an owner of a stallion which is deemed to have attained the age ot two years shall not travel that stallion for scrvica or exhibit it on any premises not in ha occupation with a view to its use for service nor permit it to be so travelled or exhibited unless the stallion is licensed under the Act. A form of application for a licence can be obtained from the Board, and Satur- day, November 1st was the first day for sending it in. The Board will arrange for the examination of any stallion for which an application for a licence is made, provided payment is received of the prescribed fee, which is half a guinea in respect cf a stallion which does not exceed fifteen hands in height and is accepted for entry in a stud-book recognised by the Board. In other cases the fee is one guinea. Certain diseases or defects are noted in the regulations as rendering a. stallion unsuitable, for service of mares. The licence is renewable annually and a transfer can be made under certain special conditions. Provision is made, also, for appeal-a a^*tnst the Board's action in refusing to grant a licence or in revoking or suspending one. — LORD LEE OF FAREHAM ON OUR AGRICULTURAL NEEDS. Speaking at Lincoln on Friday evening of last week, Lord Lee of Fareham, president of the Board of Agriculture, said that until townsmen realises to the full their dependence for their daViy bread upon the farmer and farm labourer, and until they realise how nearly the war was lost owing to the food shortage which in its turn was due to past neglect of agriculture, there can be no hope whatever of a permanent, sane agricultural policy. He doubted if one per cent of towns- men realise how great the danger was during tho war. He could tell them now that at one stage the position was 60 bad that the Admiiralty was planning) to brizigi to this country, by means of our own submarines, even two or three days' rations. We were on the brink of starvation. If that peril had been escaped it should not be forgotten how much the country owed to the home food producer, who although neglected for so long, produced a quantity of food which a few years before wou'd have been said to be j utterly impossible. As it was, any future enemy would know that the jugulpr rein of the British people is the food Supply brought from oversea. There is no policy so im- portant from the point of view of national defence as the development to the greatest possible extent of home produced food. The chief obstruction to that development is undoubtedly the lack of understanding of the S'tupjtion by the great mass of urban dwellers and the existence of the old antagonism be- tween town and country which nearly brought rum during t.h war. "If there is one task" he said "which it is more im- portant than my other for me <0 attempt, it is to bring about a better understanding between town and country." SEED POTATO REGULATIONS. It needed war to impress upon the com- rrvpnity the true value of home produced food and perhaps this impression was more marked :ti the case of the potato than in that of any other crop. Trie laws and regulations that have dealt with the use and distribution of the potato crop should not therefore have been unexpected. Scm of these regulations have been issued by the Ministry of Food and some by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, some relate to deal-fugs in both seed and ware and others- onlv to particular variety and stocks cf seed. It is in response to certain potato des.'ers' expressions of difficulty ill corre'at- :ng tliefe various orders that the foPowiar summary is presented. It should be cut C'tlt cf the par-er and ke-li. for reference by those who are interested in the potato business.

MACHYNLLETH. MEMORIAL MEETING.—On Wednesday "nd Thursday the monthly meetings of the upper Montgomery Presbyterian Churchcis were held a.t the English Presbyterian Chapel. On Thursday evening an impressive memorial service was held for members of the churches who died for their country. Tho Rev Riehard Edwards, Oakley Park, moderator, presided. The service opened with the sing- ing of "0 GxI, our help in ages pa t," by tho congregation, followed by a reading and prayer by the Rev Richard Jones, M.A., Llandinam. After the singing of "0 Ar- plwyckl Dduw rhagluniaeth," the Chairman d ilivered an appropriate address, eld the -T(-q ary of the Mcr/hly Meeting (the Rev. D. Cnnllo Davies), road his statement. Tho Rev. Evan John Jones, Pant-y-dwr. a young minister who served with the R.A.M.C. in tho Egyptian campaign, a native of Penosccfg, gave an excellent and inspiring Welsh address which impressive, coning from one who had himself faced the perils and difficulties 26 tho men wlicso sacrifices for their fellow men wero being commr-morated in the ser- vice. After the singing of the anthem "Who are these?" by the church choir, the Rev. Richard Jones, M.A., C.F., dtehvecred an Eng"sh address. The singing of "Now the labourers task is oe'r', followed by the per- formance of the "Dead March" by the organist (Miss Blanche Pierce) brought the service to a close. EVENING CONCERT.-On Thursday an even "rig o noeirt, arranged by Mr. H. R. Humphreys, on behalf of the WcwVvan Church, was given at, the Town Mr. Helnrv Lows, Tower House presided over a ('Od attendance. The artistes were Miss Hilda Roberts, Ellesmere Port, winner of the soprano so'o at C-orwen Eisteddfod, who had an mef.Ilent, reception on her firsl arrearance rt Machynlleth: Mrs Whitlock W:L'iams, Aberystwyth; Mr Egryn Hum- phreys, Mr. H. R. Humphreys, and Mr. J- W. Jones, Corris, elocu- tionist; Mrs Trevor Jones was accompanist for the evening. A vote of flanks to the Chairman. artistes, and Mrs Leek for *<he loan cf piano was proposed by Mr J. J. Ellt and foconded by Mr. W. J. Lewis, tho Chairman suitably responding on befca'f of himself and the artistes. The pro- ceeds will be devoted towards the funds of the National Children' Homo and Orphanage, the Circuit having undertaken to collect £&1 in aid of the iubVee fund. THE DPLIL-F, HALL.-T'hanks to the effort Oi tho Loea.1 Branch of the Recree-tion As:oc°.tion acting through the County Organ- ise- (Captain Glynn Jcnes, M.C.), {;he Ccurity Territorial Association has at last consented to thti using of the Drill Hall by iho local branch of Comrades, and the Band on two nights a wock It is hoped that an arrangement can b« arrived at whereby danc- ing can be indulged in once a week at least.

LLANON. OBITUARY.—During the past week death Ip.id a heavy hand upon the village and three residents wore taken away. The Rev. D. Herbert. Morfa Gottago, passed away after a protracted ilhies3 at the age of 75. Deceased wrj-i a reared clergyman who had toO give ii, duties owing to ill-health. He w.61 last at BilJesdon. LHrestershire. H s remains were buried at L'anrhvstyd Churchyard on Friday. The Rev. W. liar -,EdwE<rds, vicar of Hansantffraid, end the Rev D. W. Davies. vicar of Ll.nirhvstyd officiated. The chief mourners worn the Misses Herbert, daughters Rev Basil Herbert, senior, curate of St.. Poteir's, ("Oairmartvien, son; Mr Dav'es, T,Ian-,n, siste", and some near relatives. Capt W. Sinnett Jones, Carlton Vi"a\ died at Swansea Hospr.'al, whither he had been taken some weeks ago to undergo an oporaticn. He passed away on FrTay n:gh t at the Age of 87 His body was home on Mondav P-nd the rune-al took place en WVinesday at L'ansantffraid Par:sh Ohurchycj-ci. Mrs. Lewis, London House, passed away on Satur- day, and was one of the oldest inhabitant," in the district being 85 years of age. Tho funeral took p!ace on Thursday.

DEATH OF GWILYM CEIRIOG. The rjeath of Gwilvm Ceiriog, a famous 'Vl,b bard, oocurred suddenly at Lhn- gollen, on Wednesday week in his fifty- eighth year. William Roberts won chairs at Carmarthen Welsh National Eisteddfod and Pittsburg International Eisteddfod in America seven years ago. His home contains ten other chairs wnn at provincial Eistedd- fodau. He WM admittedly the foremost We'sh w-itar of one styl,- of W.lab poetiea'. crrrpai-ticn. I

Theology in University. MR. WILLIAM GEORGE'S IMPORTANT LETTER. L In a lcd"ter to the- Editor of the "Livcrpool Post and Mercury," Mr. W. George says:— Sir,—Tho motion "That the question 00 now put" having been svcccpted at a meeting of tho University Court, at Chester, before I had an oPPJPtunity of j peaking on tho subjreb. I should like to have the opportunity of ex. plaining, through the medium of your columns, why I wished to support Professor Jonkyn Jonos's proposed addendum ta tho Senate's report upon his matter. The posi. tion is th is 1. At present the Univotrsity is debarred by, charter from teaching theology. It is, how- ever, part of its functions to confer degrees an theology, both honorary and on the result of the examinations. It is, moreover, part of its duty to satisfy itself that theology- is being properly taught at a theological college before such college is "recognised" by the Univervty, which is therefore regarded as competent to supervise the teaching of the- ology by others, but not to teach it herself. 2. After hearing a good deal of evidence on this question, and reviewing the position in the light of present-day circumstances, the Roynl Commission on University Education, in Wales reported in favour of tho removal of this bar upon the University's powers, thus criving the We'sh people themselves a free hard to decide at any* tipio whether the subject should be takon up or not. In this connect,ion it may be observed that the con- stitution of the new University Court will be thoroughly democratic in character—the re- presentatives of tho County Council having a ole-a, majority thereon. 3. Then came the project that the County Councils should raise a penny rate, which, with an equivalent grant from the Treasury, should be pooled for university purposes. All the County Councils agreed to this, some conditionally and some unconditionally, and a nationa.1 conference of Welsh education autho- rity was held at Cardiff, under the presi- dency of the Lord Mayor, to consider the position. It was then found that, all the authorities were in favour of the pooling wrangement, a.nd that no condition of im. portanco was likely to be insisted upon except by the Breaonsliire Education Authority. Speaking through its mouthpiece. Professor Joseph Jones, of the Brecon Theological Collogo, Breeonshire, said: ''No public money must bo used by the new university for theological teaching, otherwise we won't come in." A great deal of discussion took place as to the meaning of theological teaching, but tho Breconshire repnjpentatives remacned obdurate, and the conference, somewhat weakly, I should think, rather lihan r':sk the possibility of wrecking the whole scheme, pissed a vague and cryptic resolution ..to the affect "That no public money be devoted to the teaching of subjects usually confined to tho theological schools." This resolution was passed with almost oomplotie ufianimirty— my hand being, I think, the ou'y one that was raised against it. 4. This resolution was subsequently, and for tho same reasons, adopted by the University Court, with the rider that it was understood that the teaching meant to be prohibited thereby was that of "dogmatic theology." But B-eoonshrre wou'd have nothing to do with this commentary. The Cardiff resolut:or; would hnve to be accepted as it stood, or they would withdraw from the scheme, and by to .day's court one or two other atittiorit- r, had adopted a similar altitude. Faced with this ultimatum, the Standing Executive Committee of the Court recommended unconditional surrender sans phrase. 5. That, then, was the position the Court was faced with. Memy, if not most, of the members present had to swallow t-heir con- victions on an important question or to incur tho danger of national disunion. What Pro- fessor J (inkyn Jones proposed, and what I wished to support, was that it be put on record thz; this resolution was adopted "for the sake of preserving national unity, which was regarded as of paramount importance at the present juncture." This would at least have tended to show that the resolution was not passed on its merits, and might facilitate an impartial reoonsideratnn of tJif wiiole matter zi some future tinia. But the Court, perhaps wvsely, decided that it had batter pass through tie va'-ey of humiliation as quirkly as possible, since pass it must., and on the motion of another representative of the theological colleges all discussion on the sub- ject was closured. I fi-m afraid I have written at some length, but I thought it well to put the facts on public record while they aro fresh. No oorn-ment of mine is necessary to point the moral or adorn the tale.-Your etc.. WILLTAM GEORGE. Criocieth, December 5th, 1919.

RHEIDOL VALLEY. PREFERMENT.—The Rev. B. Body com b«, until recently curate of Christ Church, Swindon, has been promoted rector of Huish Pewsey. The patrons were the trus- tees of FrOxfield College. The rev. _g, ntlc- mrl¡1 litis also been given the perpetual curacy of Holy Trinity, Oare., the latter patron be- ing the, Arohdeacon of Wiltshire. The Rev. B. Bodycombe is a nephew of Mr David Charles Owen, Typoeth, and a cousin to Miss Bessie Owen.

OEVU. S BRIDCF. PROGRESS The C.E.M.S. members though two in number only are ge.t'ing associates to amalgamate and co-operate with them. One of the members is the Rev. S. ITa,ti-i-s-T-,ewis. uond the o'.ller is from Holy Trinity Branch at Aberystwyth.

CORRESPONDENCE. TO CORRESPONDENTS—C. B. Erar3:- We have received your letter, but we regret being unable to publish same for two reasons viz. (1) Bo.laiii- you do not comply with our rules in neglecting to send your address, a.nd (2) because the letter is libellous. HABITS OF BEES. Sir,-A-r;-Rinr, out of a lc-eture on bees deliv- ered by Mr Tom Rees, at Ram Dcba.t11.g So- ciety, "Conwil, Caio" has addressed two ques- tions in your issue of the 28th November for "any of your readers" to confirm two state- ments Mr Tom Recs made ait the meeting. It is generally understood and believed that bees vrsk the s ame variety and colour flowers only in one and the same journey. This may ¡XI true when "honey flow" is abundant; but there are exceptions to th's rule even in the habits of bees. Dui'ing scarcity in bee plants I have noticed bees visitvng plants in my flower border withtmt. regard to colour or variety in an endeavour to obtain at supply of pollen or nectar to meet the need of their young. Do bees visit dais'es? Tt is more than probable. But it. is not within my recol. lcmt'on that I havo noticed bees working cn wild or fiold daisies, but often hs.vo I noticed them working on cultivated da.isies in my garden.—Yours, etc., L'angybi. J.H.D. VENEREAL DISEASES: THEIR PREVEN- TION AND CURE. S!r,—My attc-Tlbon has been drawn to the announcement' of public meetings at Aberyst- wyth cn Tnesrloy under 11 ho auspices of the National Council for Combating Venereal D's- eases. In~v;ew of the greit public importance of tho subject and the cJoubfc that exists in the minds cf many persons as to the wisdom of he salvarsan treatment for svphilis now "'ibsid'Vvi and encouraged by the Orvernnv^t. I r.hould be g'a.d if you would allow me to rrsk the promoters of the meotin?"s to simply t11c;r aud'ences with answers to tho following questions:— (1) Do they approve of the view of Dr. MrDonagh, of the London Lock Hosp,lal. tMt the germ reputed to be the cause of synMVs is not the real cause of the disease but only a 1:1,[1) phase of the spore that the onus"; and that, as s*»lvarsan is prwf*rles<; *o kill The spore, it is therefore quite valueless as a cure for sy-ii;lil? (2) Have they rer:d the rap^r on tho 11h- joet presented by Brevet-Col. L. W. Harrison f" tho e'Mi'-al and scientific meehnry of the M(-d;cnl Association in London last Am* 1, in which that distinguished suthority g;VtY *\artic'ila**s of fewer than 118 deaths of British soldiers from d is or res sot up by salvarsan treatment; and, in view of tlvs 'daggering nreof of the dangers attaching to this drug, do they consider it a wise thing to recommend its use ? h .4c 0 (3) In view of the adnrss-Vis of syphilolo-ists that nit lenst 15 per cent, of cases of syphilis undergo spontaneous onre, does i+- nc; follow that s"oc°s'-ful t"eatmont of the disease must be achieved by assisting the natural healing powors of the oonsti'tri'ion; and is not that ".ss'^tonco likely to be host afforded by hygienic and non-poisonous remedies. (4) If. as the p neril body of doctors be'ic'o, the treatment of venereal digesc by homoeo- pathic ro-n(-d;cs is htMe be- ter than ouackery, whv not the 80eiehr f- Combating VCTI- ereal Disea.se condemn this form of quaehery ?, —Yours, etc., WTLLTAM H. WEBB. 41, 1<lfl.'t'>nk ^'reet. <^o!-t]iport> 2nd December, 1919. t

Who Will Lead? # LIBERALISM IN WALES. A writer itn the "Liverpool Post and Mer- cury" says: There is a great deal of Coali- tion activity in the various Welsh constitu- encies, and the issues at the next general e.'ef^on are likely to beco-mo very confused., and it is safe to say that feelings will bo [ bitter. A meeting at Blacnau Festiniog ap- pears in the Cca.'iticn list of fixtures, and many Free Liberals interpret this as a challenge to Merioneth Liberalism. In other canst:taencies organisers are at work, with what sucoo5s it is not very easy to determine. It cannot be said that, all this is making for the reunion of the Liberal party. On tho whole, Liberal opinion i-n Wr.'es is harden. ing, and 3 bold Radical policy would find ready suppoiw But where is the Welsh politi- cal leader? He has not emerged as yet. cal leader? He has not emerged as yet. Welsh Liberalism wants, above all things just I now, a sagsicaous, bold, and able leader. "fr. I Lloyd George has, cf necessity, ceased to b* i a W Ctsh figure, and Liberals should be on the lookout for someone to take his place as the organiser and loader of the Welsh battalions. With such a leader it should be possible to reform the great body of Welsh Liberal. Mi-V T. M. Howell declares in "Welsh Out- look" for December that "there are vet in tho land a remnant of '7,000' who have not bowed tho knee to ojpportunitism." It AS somewhat strange that t-li-o Welsh University, after the first eventful contribution of Aber- ystwyth College, lies given so few outstand- ing figures to Welsh political life. It is the lack of Bucihi men tha.t causes many people to doubt the feasibility at present of Welsh Home Rule. A Welsh Parliament, these pessimists declare, would be a Parliament of small men. But is it not possible, to say the lea's", that the occasion would brine forth tho ma.u?

Economics For All By G. C Lawrence, M.A. Hons. Econ.) THE LESS WORK THEORY. True to his word, Smith faithfully appeared again. He had an alert look about him which meant business. Without introduction he set about me. "My mates agree with a lot of what. you said last week," he begun. "Thev see that if plenty is produced there will bo plenty to go mund, and that if there's not enough to go round at present we've got to produce more But, they say^ if we work harder it aoes tho next man out of a job, and it simply meajis more money for the boss. How are you goiilg to make more of everything without leaving less work for others, and why should I work harder if the boss gets the benefit? That's what I want to know." I laughed as I heard the old familiar story. Smith," I said, "There's work enough to keep you and me and every man in the country working as hard as he can for the rest of his lifetime. The more that is done tho more it makes to bo done. You can't have it both ways. Either you work and make things cheap, or ycu slack and mako I things dear. "Last week you agreed that it was Scarcity that was making everything &0 dear at present. Now, you re trying to go back on that. If the workers in your shop slack, there may be more of them employed, but what is the result. Prices are going to be higher still. i • S going to 0031 your boss more to turn out l.w finished product, and he's going to shove up the pneo. So how are you going to bene- f- t P You've got to pay mor for what you .Rnd,S° Y* til° rCSt tbe community. Now, look Jat the other side of the question, you say 'Thk more work done, the less there is to do.' If say: 'The more work done the moro there is to do. lake, your own industry example moro there is to do. lake, your own industry & aln example suppose that next week you all bustle a.!ong as hard as you can. You double your output all ever the country. What happens? Prices oommonco to fa.B at once, and you benefit straight away. But that is not all. You msko work for others. Your boss has a surplus over to export to other countries, where he can get :n now that pricos have fallen. And he -Ac?, that if he increases that surplus still moro he can go further afield and extend his markets. But to do this he at once wants a larger supply of labour. He enlarges his fae. ¡.ie3 and employs more, hands, and your work transported all over the world. That is what you have made it possible for him to do. By do„ng more work yourselves you have given more work to others to do." Smith was visibly impressed. MORE PROFITS FOR THE BOSS. "Now," I said. "what about. your second t'recr 'v-znore profits for the boss? You say that if you work harder the boss pocket; the profits, t say that if you work harder ihe- hrs* get-, no more than before unless he extends his markets. While prices are being readjusted ho may gain for a while, but the fail in prices due to the increased supples leaves him round about the same figure as before, and in many cases he w>U be content with less profit, per article if by lowering his price stfTl further he can increase his turnover. "Bu w'hy worry about the boss in any case? The boss has get to face other bosses, and they soo that he doesn't nobble abnormal 1 profits. The point to concontrate on is your own interest. If you worked twice ES hard produced twice as much stuff, and prices ri, mained the same, then you eould say 'that thebonefit went 01 to the bess. But ihia never happens, and the sooner your mates sor, this the better. You want prices reduced, and you've got to do something yoursoif to firing them down. "?hy have we had so much profiteering lately? Simply because there liaa not, been sufficient, to go round, and this qavc, the un- scrupulous their ohsmce to charge what they liked. What is the cure for profiteeriing ? Com- j petition and high production. The profiteer I v<ants to restrict, production as much as some of your pals do. But it, pays the profiteer tic) keep supplies low, and it d cos n't, pay you Both cf you are keeping up prices, but in your case you're keeping up prices against yourselves." I SmRh was uncomfortable at this compari- f son. He hated tthe profiteer with a deep end abiding hatred, and the similtlrity of the; two cjuses stack in his gullet. Still, he saw th, point. THE EMPLOYERS' PART j "Of course," I wealt on, "you can't do every. thing yoursof. The oilier classes of the coin- irunity must do their bit. too. The boss must help in increasing production, or we won't get much further. Tho boss can help by keeping abreast of the times, by improving his works. by taking advantage of the latest invention* and going a step in front of them, by scrap- ping woirn out machinery just as we scrap antiquated battleships, by standardising par as was done in the great munition faetorlca during the war. Unless he does these things he will be left behind by otihers who will, and the opportunities cif to-day will be lost." Witth that I left him. "You go and talk this over to-morrow with! your pa's," I teid him, as he went away, "and next witek we't start on a definite programme of pllitical economy."

Among the building schemes submitted to the Minetry of Health during the past week by local authorities are thoso of Bedwas and Machen, for 6.30 acres, and Aberayron (tv/o sitfcs) for 1.29 acres. Lay-out schemes were put forward bv Bedwas and Machen and Neath, while the latter lay-out scheme was approved, as well, as those of Newtown and Llanidloes. One of the largest house plans received were those, of Nantvglo £ md Biaina, which Vill ovrrituall.y provide for the erection of 184 houses.

Give Your Stomach a Chance. j Unquiet meals make ill digestions," said Sha.ke3pea/re. And lie knew. Some of thoso Sha.kcspNllre. And be knew. Some of thoso mea's he had with his jovial friends at the Mermaid Tavern, probably weren't very quiet A little fun, a little jollity, and happy laugh- ter will help a moal_ but jumping ur> for one thing or another, rushing tho meal "to get it over "-well. cou!d it possibly be good for the stomach ? Not that it won't work but, rather, that it can't It hasn't a fair chance! The. outcome is all too certain. The food, which the stomach oannot digest easily, lies like a load. This may be followed by pain, perhaps in the stomach, or it may be in the ohest. Then flatulence or acidity follows and, likely as not, a dull, heavy feeling, with, perhaps, a distressing headache. But the very cause of all these troubles sug- gests its own remedy. If all these miseries arc due to tho stomach's inability to digest I food, the sensible course is to five the stomaell a little help, and nothing is so helpful to tired, iaded overworked stomachs as Mother Seigel's Syiip'. the ideal stomach and liver tonic. With the aid of Mother Seigel's Syrup, tho stomach regains its ability to die-est food naturally and thoroughly, and only from well- digested, assimilated food you can de-ive strength and vigour. 1

I Making the Tablets which ¡ Cure your Sore Throat. ¡ We are making them as fast as possible-but the ingredients are scarce-and the demand is again outrunning the supply. If you are subject to Sore Throat, Influenza, etc., get your winter supplies of Formamint now. (Still only 2/2 per bottle.) FORMAMINT P THE CERM K1UIHG THROAT TA*UT I Manufactured by GENATOSAN, LTD. ( Maker* of Sanatogen, Genasprin. etc.) 12. Chemes Street, London. W.C. 1. (chairman: Tbe Viicouatan Rhondda)

Comrades Column. (By F. S. Trufant, Hon. Sec., Aberarth BranchJ The Comrades have been criticised by a women's organisation for their action in press- ing the Government to demobilise the uni- formed women's services and thus make Way for the employment of discharged and dis- abled men; but th* general principle, namely, that in an unemployment crises those who have suffered and aro unemployed because they have suffered should have the preference over those who have profited by reason of their suffering. This principle has been generally accepted by the naiion, and hardly admits of dispute. It is not a question based on econo- mics, or sex or sentiment, it is one based on simple justice. Moreover, the Comrades (knowing as well as any other section of the community—perhaps better than most) how unweariedly and worthily the women have done their share in the war, did not raise the question at all until manv months after the armistice, it was abundanl y apparent that thousands of women wero r?t^ ned in uniform for no ostensible teason other than to eat up the overburdened taxpayer's (which means the ex-servico man's) money, that hundreds of others were employed in softi jobs, e.g., driving motor cars and the like, which- were emin- ently suitable for partly disabled men, tens of thousands of whom were (and riilI are) una.b,e to find work, and that, on top of ftll this the War Office was busily proceeding wiith the re, cruitment of more women and adding a re- engagement bonus to those still serving. The Comrades cannot be blamed for having ener- getically put a stop to that sort of thing. All a meeting of the Bedwallty Council at New Tredegar, it was reported there were 400 ex-service men in the area waiting for small holdings. It was decided to appoint a committee to meet the County Land Agent on tilie matter of providing the holdings desired. The Board of Agriculture have decided to discontinue the scheme for giving short train- ing at centres to able bodied ex-service men who wish to become farm labourers. In the beginning this scheme was undertaken mainly to meet fftie shortage of agricultural labour during the earlier periods of demobilisation- Increased facilities are, however, being given by tho Board for the preparation of disabled men who desire training in su table agri- cultural pursuits, such as market gardening. etc., on account of their being prevented thrpugh their disabilities from returning to their pre-war employment. So far the national scheme for the employment of disabled men has brought 26,216 workers into 3,000 busi- ness undertakings where 445,560 workpeople are employed. The number required to make up the percentage in the remaining 450 firms, wh-ch have given an undertaking to engage disabled men, is 1,071. Much remains to be done to induce firms to recognise their patri- otic duty of employing the full quota of the men who fought and became afflicted. A man at Chelmsford, who lost his left leg, has been engaged as a clerk at S3 a week, but more in- teresting is the case of a Reading man with a frac'Kired thigh, who has got a job as an erector at £ 4 per week. The area of land ac- quired up-to-date by the county councils for the settlement of ex-ssrviee men since Decem- ber last now exceeds 88,500 acres, and some further 93,000 acres are under negotiation. According to Mr. F. L C. Floud, C.B., of the Board of Agriculture, the demand for ex-ser- vice men amounts at present to 19,300 appli- cations for 349,000 acres, and those applici- tions are increasing each week. The county council returns prove that out of 13,rOP men interviewed, 11,700 have been approved as suitable.

PREMIER AND THE CHURCH ARMY. At. 2. mooting of the Church Army, held at 10, Downimgrstreet, it was announced that Mr L'oyd George had given 22,000 towards the work of tho Church Army from moneys en- trusted to him for distribution to relieve i suffering- caused by the wir. I

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