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Miisas Mr. J. CHAS. McLEAN, F.R.C.O. (Formerly pupil of Sir Walter Parratt and Sir Frederick Bridge, etc., at the Royal College of Music, London). Wessons in Organ, Piano, Singing, and Theory. PORTMADOC. ABERDOVEY, and BARMOUTH visited during the week. Parkhill, Buarth-road, Aberystwyth. Mr. CHARLES PANCHEN, ORGANIST and CHOIRMASTER, St. Michael's Parish Church, Aberystwyth; Hon. Local Examiner (Scholarship) R.C.M., receives pupils for SINGING, ORGAN, PIANOFORTE, FLl'TE AND HARMONY. Next Term begins January 14th. 20, New Street, Aberystwyth. ARTHUR C. EDWARDS MUS. BAC. (Oxon.), F.R.C.O., Organist & Choirmaster of Holy Trinity Church, Sometime Deputy Organist of Llandaff Cathedral gives lessons in ORGAN, PIANOFORTE, SINGING (Ladies' or Boys' voices), and all branches of Musical Theory. Pupils prepared for examinations. for terms apply at Clyde House, Queen'R-road, Aberystwyth. yr Edwards visits Lampeter three times weekly. EPUCATltW. LEARN SHORTHAND.—All Pitman's Short- hand books; exercise books, special pens and pencils at the "Cambrian News" Stores. Any book supplied by post immediately on re- ceipt of order. No waiting. Mr. Frederic T. Baxter, F.R.S.A. Tuition Given in FIGURE, LANDSCAPE. SEASCAPE, PAINT- ING AND SKETCHING. Box G., "Cambrian News" Office, Aberystwyth. a830 Glenvyl House School, Pwllheli. BOARDING and DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Principal Miss PRENTICE. Prospectus on application. n589 MEITHRINFA, PREPARATORY and SECONDARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, NORTH ROAD, ABERYSTWYTH Principals: Miss Trotter and Miss Ballard Williams, M.A. Boarders received. Prospectus on application. COUNTY SCHOOL. BARMOUTH. Headmaster: EDMUND D. JONES, M.A Staff: JOHN LLOYD, M.A. Miss MARY DA VIES, B.A. Miss C. E. HUGHES, B.A. Miss M. A. BOWEN. Visiting Teachers in Drawing and Painting, Cookery, Shorthand, and Music. Prospectuses, etc., on application to R. LLEWELYN OWEN, Clerk. Dr. Williams' School, DOLCELLEY, Endowed High School for Girls (Boarders and Day Pupils). Preparation for the Central Welsh Board, Ox- ford Local Examinations, London and Welsh Matriculation and University Scholarships. There are three leaving Examinations tenable ftt places of Higher Education, which are •warded annually upon the result of the year's work. The Buildings and Grounds are excellently adapted to secure the health and comfort of t, girls. A large new wing was erected in 1910 to ane< ie denrand for increased accommodation. TMNNIS, HOCKEY, NETBALL, ———— BADMINTON. ———— Fees: Boarding, S33 per annum; Tuition, B5 5s. For Prospectus apply to the Headmistress or to Mr. R. Barnett, Dolgelley, Clerk to the Governors. —— THE —— COUNTY SCHOOL, DOLCELLEY, (THE DOLGELLEY GRAMMAR SCHOOL) Dr. Ellis' Endowment. A.D. 1665. BOARDING and DAY SCHOOL FOR BOYS. Excellent General Education and Training provided, with special preparation for the Uni- versities, the Civil Service, and Commerce. Boarders received at the Headmaster's House. For Prospectus, Fees, etc., apply to the Headmaster. TOWYN COUNTY SCHOOL THE SCHOOL BUILDINGS are large and commodious and include the ordinary Class Rooms, Music Rooms, excellently-equipped Chemical and Physical Laboratories, Science I Lecture Room, Workshop, Kitchen and Laundry The Headmaster's House is specially arranged for the accommodation of Boarders, aisc arrangements are made with one of the Masters for the accommodation of Girl Boarders. Pupils are prepared for the Universities, Pro- fession and Commercial life. ISUCCESSES. London Inter B.Sc. London Matriculation 4 WaJes Matriculation 5 College of Preceptors, Medical Prel. 2 Central Welsh Board. Honour Certificate 1 Higher Certificate :i Senior Certificate. 11 Junior Certifcate. 19 Pitman's Shorthand, Advanced Grade 1 Pitman's Elementary 1 Associated Board of R.A.M. and R.C.M. Higher Division 1 Lower Division 3 Trinity College of London. Junior Division 3 Preparatory 2 Ben del Exhibition, £ 10. County Exhibition, flo. Entrance Scholarship into Cardiff Univer- Jlty, £15. During the last thirteen years scholarships to the value of £3,645 have been gained by pupils direct from the School. For Prospectus, Boarding Fees, etc., apply to the Headmaster, or bo E. J. EVANS, Towyn. Clerk to the Governors UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES, ABERYSTWYTH (One of the Constituent Colleges of the [University of Wales). Opened 1872. President: SIR JOHN WILLIAMS, Bart., M.D., D.Se., G.C.V.O. Principal: T. F. ROBERTS, M.A. (Oxon), LL.D. (Vict.) THE SESSION BEGINS in September. Lectures commence early in October. Entrance Scholarships atd Exhibitions open to both male and female candidates above the age of sixteen are offered for competition at the commencement of the Session. Students are prepared for Degrees in Arts, Science (in- cluding the Applied Science of Agricultural Law, and Music. Sessional composition fee- in Arts, £ 12; in Science, £ 16. Sessional regis- tration 'fee, £ 1. Men students reside in regis- tered lodgings in the town, or at the Men's Hostel; Warden H. H. Pame, M.A., B.Sc. Women Students reside in the Alexandra Hall of Residence for Women; Warden, Miss C. P. Tremain, B.A. For full particulars respecting the General Arts and Science Departments, the Law Department, the Agricultuial Department, the Departments for the Training of Element- ary and Secondary School Teachers, and the Hostels, apply to- J. H. DA VIES, M.A., Registrar. HARIEY'S EJ3MM |!l H III I The Cleansing „ Sweetening and I Freshening effect upon the system that follows the morning draught of Haiiey's | Three Salts gives one a vigorous | I feeling all over. It regulates >j I the bowels, keeps the liver right, § I purifies the blood, and banishes | weariness of mind and body, 8 which is due to impurities in 1 the system. Harley's Three p Salts is the surest solvent for jjj I Uric Acid—the cause of | RHEUMATISM. I It contains the active principles j of the well-known spas—Carls- ] It contains the active principles ) of the well-known spas—Carls- ] bad, Epsom, and Harrogate. | Get a packet now and prove it. j 9 Jd. from all Chemists, j or l/O direct from the Sole Maker I HARLEY, Chemist, Perth. THE SPA IN A SPOON—7
Housing in Cardiganshire.
Housing in Cardiganshire. COUNTY COUNCIL CONFERENCE. NEW INDUSTRIES SUGGESTED. A conference, convened by Cardiganshire County Council, was held at Lampeter on Friday j to consider the question of providing houses after the war for the working classes. The Rev. T. Arthur Thomas, Llandyssul, chairman of the County Council, was voted to the chair, and there were present Mr. D. C. Roberts and Mr. J. H. Davies, members of the County Council; Mr bavid Davies and Mr Rhy3 Jones, Aberystwyth Town Council; Mr Daniel Jenkins, Aberystwyth Rural Council; Mr Walter Davies and Mr. Ll. Bankes Price, Lampeter Urban; Mr. T. M. Griffiths, Lampeter Rural; Mr Wm. Jones and Mr. Joshua Lewis, Aberayron Rural; Mr. John Jones, Cwmmynach; and Mr. Lewis Thomas, representing the County Clerk who was unable to attend through indisposition. Mr. D. Lleufer Thomas and Mr. Bentley, representing the Town Planning Association, were also present. The Chairman said that everybody was or ought to be interested in the important ques- tion of the provision of houses for the working classes. He therefore hoped that something would issue from that conference to improve present conditions. In a rural county like Cardiganshire, the conditions of which thi con- ference was aware of, something ought to be done to improve the housing of the working classes. One reason for the present condition of things was low wages. Working people could not pay high rents, with the result that in far too many instances they had to live in tumble-down hovels. There were present that day two gentlemen who were deeply interested in the question. Some of them knew what the Association with which they were connected was doing and had already done, and he hoped the members of the conference would carry away some of their enthusiasm and be able to effect improvement in the housing of the rural population of the county. No doubt the King Edward Memorial Association was doing good work in the attempt to stamp out tuberculosis; but so far they had not touched the housing question. In his opinion the preventitive side of the campaign should start with the provision of better housing. Mr. Lleufer Thomas, asked to address the conference, said by the Housing of the Work- ing Classes Act of 1890 power wits given to councils to build houses and borrow money on the security of the rates. A great deal of municipal house building had taken place. Some of the schemes had been successful and some not. The only place in Cardiganshire where the Act had been applied was at Aber- ystwyth. In the more populous districts that policy might he still adhered to and might to a great extent be depended upon to provide houses. When, however, the agricultural dis- tricts were considered, the problem was not so easy. To place a burden en mattered rural district which was not office• men of large experience might result in a burden it could not bear, and there might be risk. Some local authorities found themselves owners of the houses, the council becoming rent receivers, and in that case the danger was that during elections candidates were urged to reduce the rents, with the result that the building scheme became unremunerative. The question then arose-could they not get the occupier inter- ested in the houses and in the payment of rent? A system of co-operative societies of occupiers had been devised, and that was one of the most important features of the Housing and Town Planning Trust of Wales. Its ordinary method of procedure was, after ascertaining where there was real need for houses, to acquire land at agricultural value if possible and.proceed to develop it. The Trust undertook to lav out the sfte, say what streets should be laid out. and plan the houses as well as the arrangements of the land. Having decided that general policy, the Trust proceeded to form a. local co-operative society of prospective tenants and of persons interested in housing in the locality. When the society had been formed the Trust leased the site, entered into a con- tract to build houses, negotiated a loan from the Government, and itself put a certain amount of money into the scheme. The great advantage was that the whole body of occu- piers had an interest in the maintenance of the houses. They had an interest also in secur- ing for their neighbours people of good char- acter and in obtaining security for the pay- ment of rent. The local society had a charge upon the shares of the tenants as security for rent. By that system the interest and good will of the colony was secured in carrying- the scheme out as efficiently and economically as possible and a public spirit was created. He felt that there was a possibilitv of apply- ing that principle to district councils by which the councils, assisted by the County Council, might start co-operative societies. On the staff of the Trust were those who would undertake for certain fees all the work of forminsr co- operative- societies. There was one good in- stance of a local authority acquiring land and leasing it direct to a co-operative society, and that was the case of the Town Council of Hereford. Under the Act the Council acquired the land; but instead of undertaking- the work itself- leased it to a society for building, pro- tecting the Council as ground landlord and a useful scheme had resulted. Mr. Walter Davies asked if it would be pos- j sible under that scheme for the occupier to become owner ? Mr. Lleufer Thomas renlied that there was power under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Act. The inclination of the Trust as a rule was to urge district councils to consider the
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PONTERWYD
PONTERWYD Last week the school children were each pre- sented with two pocket handkerchiefs by Miss Mary Hall, Cartrefle, and Mrs. Dd. Dickinson, Glancastell. This week Sergeant T. R. Howells is home on a short leave from Kinmel Park where he acts 1 as instructor in musketry. r
GOOD NEWS!
GOOD NEWS! No apology is needed for good news or even for its repetition. Good news it is said travels fast; yet "strangely enough tsns of thousands of people fail to recognise it., or at. any rate to I appreciate its practical significance when it reaches them. For example, there are few people of adult years, who have not heard time and again of the wonderfully beneficial action of Mother Seigel's Syrup in the treatment of indigestion and allied disorders of the stomach, liver and bowels. Yet, though they have heiard the good news, probably direct from a personal friend or neighbour, they fail to appropriate it to themselves. Evidence of this we have had in abundance. Don't you, after reading this, fail to remember the "good news" that, there is no more popular remedy before the publicr relieving and preventing digestive troubles than Mother Seigel's Syrup. It is because Mother Seigel's Syrup goes to the root, of the trouble that it has been so successful for close on fifty years. It acts directly on the organs of digestion- stomach, liver and bowels-c)nes, strengthens, and stimulates them to healthy activity, so that they are able to perform their work naturally and efficiently. With these organs in sound condition, you are su^e to look well, feel well, and be well. A word to the wise is sufficient. If indigestion causes you to think- then remember Mother Seigel's Syrup.
IIY Golofn Gymraeg. I
Y Golofn Gymraeg. I I DYRI'R AMAETH FERCH. iBa waetii os yw'm dWYiO arwed eu gwedd, I A mi uior gynheiin a gwaithr jAeth 'JNiiad yn acu-ddyied i'w gynnar fedd A'i fJwyd yu bur :an ei graitn; Af finnau'r un liordd yng nglendid ei foes, Ac in raid 1 mam wriii y piwy; iv i cujywir am angen Tan gronglwyd Tan i'edwen Tra moiwyn yr riengoed a'i braich yn ddi- giwy. Mi wn beth yw gweithio'n gynnar "ar lawr," ¡ Ac nid oes amaeth-ferch na wyr, Ac er rhaid wrth gannvyyll cyn torro'r wawr, Rhaid wrthi dracnein yn yr hwyr; Ond beth yw awr segur i feinir iach Sy'ii caru ei bywyd a'i gwaith? Daw gwobrwy Clan Gaea Heb ddim i'rn liadgofla Am orchwyl rhy gaied na diwrnod rhy faith. Ar hosed a fynno yng nghynnwrf y byd, c'af finnau y wenwiad a'i bri, Ni chefiir o chwilio'r gwledydd i gyd Yr heddwch sy'n eiddo i mi; A sonied a sonio am hawddfyd tref, 'Does neb yn esmwythach ei hun, A mwyn rhwng dau odro Yw rhyddid i gofio Am oedfa sy'n annwyl i galon pob mun. RWSIA A'R ALMiAEN." Mae'r gyfathrach rhwng yr Almaen a Rwsia yn dal o hyd yn bur gymylog, ac anodd iawn ydyw i neb geisio darogan i sicrwydd beth a alio ddeiliaw o'r cwbl. Ar y cyntaf, pan ddaeth IL-weinNvyr y ddwytwla,4 i gysylltiad I gyda'r amcan o benderfynu ar y tir canol i sylfaenu heddwch arno, ymddanghosai blaen- wyr yr Almaen yn addfwyn iawn eu hym- ddygiad ac yn deg iawn eu ceisiadau, eithr pan ddaeth pwys arnynt i rodd; eu proffes mewn gweithrediad a chilio yn ol o'r tir a orthrymwyd ganddynt, buan iawn y dinoeth- asanfc eu dannedd. Erbyn hyn y maent wedi awgrymu i Rwsia mai gyda hwy, a hwythau'n goncwer'wyr, y mae'r hawl i osod amodau, ac mai amcan yr awgrymiadau cyntaf oedd gwa- hodd gwledydd eraill y Cyngrair i mewn i'r I cyngor cylafareddu. Feliy, gan fod y Cyng- hreiriaid wedi gwrtliod, rhaid oedd ymwneud a Rwsia ar ei phen ei hun yn gyson a'r sefyllfa rhyngddynt. Gan nad beth a eliir ei ddywedyd am Rwsia, ac am y sefyllfa anymunol y mae .e¡i gweiithrediad'au wafdi ta¡flU'l" Cynghreiriaid ynddi, y mae eithafwyr Rwsia, o leiaf, wedi gwneuthur un gymwynas ragorol i iwerin-bobl y gwledydd. Wrth lynu'n diwrthdro wrth eu delfrydau, maent wedi dangos i'r byd, ac i werin yr Almaen ei hun, fod plaid filwrol y gelyn a'i bryd ar ysbail, ac wrth ddangos hynny maent yn bur debyg o greu chwerwder rhwng gweriniaeth yr Almaen a'r pendefigion. Nid yw wiw i ni obeithio am ddim help mwy- ach oddiwrth Rwsia fel gallu milwrol, ond wrth j feiddio sefyll yn gadarn gerbron cynrychiol- wyr y Caisar yn eu cais am heddwch wedi ei sylfaenu ar degwch ac ar ddelfrydau gwerini-, aethol, ilwyddasant i wneuthur lies mawr i achos y Qynghreiriaid trwy ddadlennu gwir amcanion v gelyn yn ei awydd am ysgiyfaeth. YR ALMAEN O'R TUMEWN. Er cymaint y son a glybuwyd yn ddiweddar ynghylch heddweh, mae'n ddiau fod yr argoel-j ion am yr heddweh yr ydym ni yn ymladd am! I dano yn dibynnu'n gyfangwbl ar sefylifa fewnol yr Almaen YI1 gystal ag ar ei sefyllfa filwrol. Mae'n bur sicr nad allo'r Cynghreiri- aid gydsynio ag unrhyw amodau heddweh a fyddo'n cadw plaid filwrol yr Almaen yn ei gallu a'i bri cyntefig. Gan nad beth a ddy- wedir i'r gwrthwyneb, mae'n rhwym o fod yn wybyddus i'r Caiser nad oes ganddo o leiaf obaith am oruchafiaeth; ond anodd iawn yw i lilitariaid yr Almaen blygu i unrhyw amodau a fyddo'n dwyn anfri arnynt hwy ac ar eu dyheadau. Amcan mawr y gelyn felly, o lei: amcan yr awdurdodau, yw ceisio tawelu y bob. newynnog trwy ryw fath ar addewidion ac i ddangos iddynt y buasent yn colli mwy wrth wneuthur heddweh buan nag wrth barhau i ymladd. Er nad' oes modd cael llawer o wy- bodaeth o wlad y gelyn, mae'n bur sicr fod I dioddefiadau'r genedl yn fawr iawn, a bod nifer mawr o'r babl diotaf yn methu a chael digjan o fwyd. Mae un blaid o'r Sosialiaid eisoes yn awyddus i dderbyn amodau'r Cynghreiriaid, a dywedir fod dylanwad y blaid honno yn graddol ledaenu yn y wlad. Mae'r blaid filwrol yn yr Almaen mor gyndyn yn eu I' hymdrechion yn awr ag y buont erioed, a di- ameu y daliant i afael ynddynt hyd y diwedd —hyd y tyfo dyheadau'r werin-bobl yn ddigon cryf i dorri eu hawdurdod. TAI'R GWEITHWYR. Ychydig amser yn ol bu'r Bwrdd Llywodr- aeth Leoi yn ymorol, trwy gyfrwng y gwa- I hanol awdurdodau lleol, ynghylch sefyllfa'r wlad mewn perthynas i dai gweithwyr, a cliaed fod ar hyn o bryd angen rhyw gan mil a hanner o dai, ac y byddai'n rhaid wrth gant a phedwar ugain mil ar ol y rhyfel. Gwyddom i gyd fod llawer iawn o'n hanawsterau pre- sennol yn codi oherwydd prinder llafur, ac mae'n rhe«ymol ddigon i dybio mai anodd iawn a fydd cael gweithwyr ar unrhyw adeg oni byddo gennym gartreJi cymwys ar eu cyfer. Yn ddiweddar cyhoeddodd Cymdai^has yr Anedd-dai yng Nghaerdydd bamffiedyc yn cyffwrdd a'r cwestiwn pwysig hwn, a da o beL, yw fod y Llywodraeth a'i bryd ar ddwyn mesur gerbron yn fuan i gyfarfod a'r prinder. Yn awr, pan fo amaethyddiaetli a garddwri- aeth wedi dod i gymaiht bri, clywir drachefn yr hen gri yn erbyn tyrru i'r trefydd, ac mae'n ddiameu mai'r mudiad cymdeithasol nesaf fydd ceisio denu'r bobl yn ol eto i'i rhanbarthau gwledig. Cyn lÏl g-obt\ am lwyddiant ar fudiad o'r fath, mae'n rhaid gwneuthur y bywyd gwledig yn fvvv atyniaaoi, ac yn gyntaf peth rhaid a fydd darpar gwell tai ar gyfer y bobl. Mae'r angen yng Nghymru, yn arbennig, yn fawr am welliant yn y cyfeiriad hwn, a buan y delo'r dydd pan fyddo pob ardal yn cael ei glanhau o'r anedd- dai anghymwys sy weithian vn britho'r wlad. ADDYSG A'I AMCANION. Yn awr pan fo cymaint son am addysg ac am ei dylanwad ar fywyd cenedl, nid annidd- ¡ orol yw manteisio ar syniadau Arglwydd Bryce yn y cyfeiriad hwn, efe'n ddiau yn un o wyr blaenaf y wlad ym myd addysg. Cydnebydd efe fod m addysg i'w deimlo i raddau mawr yn y rhyfel presennol, ond cred, ar yr Un pryd, nad yw gwir addysg, addysg yn ei hanfod pennaf, wedi codi'n gyfuwch a'n cyn- nydd mewn poblogaeth, mewn cyfoeth, ac mewn cyfrifoldeb. Pwysleisia yn bennaf ar yr angen o ddiwygiad yn ein haddysg ganol- radd, er mwyn paratoi'r meadyliau goreu yng ngwasanaeth dynoliaeth yng nghvlchoedd gwl- eidyddiaeth, y gwyddorau, a lien. Barna ef y dylesid gwneuthur pob ymdrech i feithrin tal- entau'r ieuenctid sy'n berchen ar y meddyliau gloyv/af, modd y caffent bar^oad priodol i'w cymhwyso ar gyfer yr ymch'VHl angenrheidioi yn y gwahanbl wyddorau a'r gwybodaethau eraiil. Nid yw Arglwydd Bryce yn cytuno a'r rhai hynny sy'n mynnu fod defnyddioldeb mewn dysgu Groeg a'r ieithodd meirwon, eithr y mae gwybodaeth felly yn rhoddi awch ar y pleserau meddyliol, ac oherwydd hynny y maent yn dra gwerthfawr. Ei farn ef yw y bydd rhieni, ar ol y rhyfel, yn rhoddi mwy o bwys ar allu meddyliol eu plant nag ar eu Illwyddiant gyda'r camoau corfforol. BYD YR* ANIFAIL. Gwyddom eisoes trwy brofiad beth yw dogni ar fwyd y bobl, ac nid yw'r anifeiliaid hwythau yn fawr iawn gwell eu bvd. Eithr megis ag y gwahaniaethir rhwng anghenion y llifurwr amaethyddol ag eiddo'r siopiwr neu a rhywun arall o gyffelyb gwaith, rhaid, hefyd, wahaniaethu rhwng y gwahanol ddos- ) barthau o anifeiliaid. Mae taflen wedi ei clly- hoeddi'n ddiweddar gan un o adrannau y Bwrdd Amaethyddol yn cydnabod fod ceirch a gwair yn hollol angenrheidiol i geffylau, ond yn awgrymu, ar yr un pryd, y dylesid hefyd ddefnyddio bwydydd eraill gymaint ag y gellir. Rhoddir un awgrym buddiol ynghylch y ffordd o ddarpar bwydydd ceffylau yn y dull mwyaf di-wastvaff, a sc-ilir yr awgryin hwn ar dystiiolaeth arnryw sydd wedi cael profiad blynyddoedd ym magwriaeth ceffylau. Er mwyn cael y llawn ddefnydd o'r gwellt anogir i chaffo gwair a gwellt yn gymysg, gan ei fod nid yn unig yn chwyddo'r bwyd ond hefyd yn ei wneud yn well ac yn haws i'r anifail ei dreulio. Dyviedir hefyd fod tuedd ymhlij;, nifer 10 amaethwvr i roddi ceirch heb ei falu i'w ceffylau, a chan fod ceirch felly yn ami iawn yn anodd i'w dreulio yn briodol anogir ar i bawb, yn enwedig yn y cyfwng presen- nol, faIll'r yd cvn ei roddi i'w ceffylau. APEL NEWYDD. Dywedir fod yn Lloegr a Chymru yn awr yn agos i fihwn o'r man erddi sy'n ffrwvth yr ymgyrch o blaid cynhyddu'n cyflenwad bwyd, ac mae'r adran arbennig o'r Llywodraeth sy'n
IEin Bara Beunyddlol.
Ein Bara Beunyddlol. YMDDIDQANION YR AELvVYD AM ELN* BWYD. Tomos Daiis—Fedrwcli chi ddweyd iainr. o wir sy yn y stori fqd Arglwydd fihondda ai fedr gosod pawb ar ei 'lowans' o fwyd, Bobr Robert Roberts—Mae yn dra thebyg mai felly y bydd hi, er mai yn groes i'w ddymun- iad y bydd Arghvydd Rliondda yn gwneud hefyd. Gwen Roberts—Wel pam y rhaid iddo, ynte ? I Robert—Am ddau reswm mawr. Mae am osod y cyfoethog ar yr un t.ir a'r ilawd, ac mae am i bob un gael cyfran cyfartal o hynny o fwyd a fydd yn y wlad yma. John J ones-A mi fydd yn c.ynhilo'r bwyd hefyd, mae'n debyg, wrth sefydlu "rations" ? Robert—Rwy'n amheus am hynny. Ai gwneud "rations," neu gyfran, neu lowans i bob un ddim ychwanegu dirg at y bwyd sydd yn y wlad. Y peth mawr a sicrheir drwy sefydlu cyfundrefn felly yw y caiff pawb yr un shar a'u gilydd. Madlen Wmffra-Ie, os bydd gan bawb arian i dalu am dano. Robert-Ie, hynny wrth gwrs. Tomos Dafis-W-el mae pethau yn ddigon drud a dweyd y gwir. Robert-Ydynt, ond gallasent fod yn waeth. Meri Jones-Sut hynny, dywed? Robert-Am y buasai prisiau wedi mynd fyny yn uwch o lawer nag ydynt oni bae fod Arglwydd Rhondda wedi gwaeddi "stop"! Tomos Dafis-Piti na fase fo wedi gwaeddi stop ynghynt ynte, ddweda i. Robert-W-el mi waeddodd stop y munud cyntaf y cafodd gyfle ac awdurdod i wneud. Mae y proffitiftrs drwy'r deyrnag yn barod i'w ladd am ei fod wedi eu rhwystro i barhau i wneud elw o anghenion y werin. Meri Jones-Wel choelia i byth na fedra fo ostwng dipyn ar y prisiau. Robert-Mae wedi gwneud hynny mewn amryw bethau. Chwi ellwch brynu heddyw gymaint o ddefnyddiau rheidiol bwyd teulu am naw swilt ag a gaech am chweugain chwe mis yn ol. Tomos-Wel mae hynny yn rhywbeth. Ond sut oeddech chi'n dweyd na fydd gosod lowans gorfodol yn ychwanegu dim at ein bwyd? Robert—Fydd o ddim chwaith. M'i gyn- hila'r bwyd i ryw raddau. Er engraifft mae pobl wedi bwyta mwy o gig llynedd, nag yr arferent a gwneud cyn y rhyfel. Pan osodir lowans fe leiheir y gormodedd hynny. Ond chydig mewn cynihariaeth i'r holl boblogaeth yw y rhai hynny wedi'r cwbl. John—Ac o achos yr ychydig sy'n troseddu y gosodir gorfodaeth ar bawb ? Roberlr-Ie. Y gwir am dani yw fod y sawl sy'n mynnu ystorio bwyd neu yn ceisio cael mwy o shar na neb arall o riediau bwyd, yn camweddio Gweddi'r Arglwydd. Gwen—Bob Pam rwyt ti'n cellwair! Robert—Nid cellwair mohono, Gwen, ond calon y gwir. Gwen-Sut hvnny., Robert—Dyma ni yn chwech o bobl o gwm- pas y bwrdd yma heno. Meddyliwch mai dim ond digon o fwyd i chwech fuasai gan dy fam i ni heJ4o, a'm mod i yn cy;meryd cymaint ddwywaith ag a fuasai fy shar. Beth fuasai'r canlyniad ? John—Mae pedair shar fuasai ar ol i'w rhannu rhwng pump. Tomos-Buasai rhaid i ryw un fod heb ei shar. I Meri-Ie, neu fod pob un o'r pump yn cael llai na'i shar. Robert-Dyna .t:hi! Buagwn yn cymeryd shar rhywun arall wrth gymeryd mwy na fy shar fy hunan. Gwen—Ie, rwy'n gweld hynny. Ond beth sydd a fynno hynny a Gweddi'r Arglwydd? Robert-Wel, mae'r Weddi yn dweyd, "Dyro i ni heddyw ein bara beunyddiol," hynny yw, "Dyro i mi fy shar i o fwyd," ond pan gymer- af mwy na fy shar, rwy'n dweyd mewn gweithred, "Dyro i mi heddyw fara beunydd- iol rhyw un arall!" Tomos—Reit dda, Bob. Reit wir! j Robert—Hanfod gosod y cyfrannau gorfod- ¡ ol, y 'compulsory rationing,' fel dywed y Sais, yw sicrhau cvdraddoldeb. J ohn-Gyd;addoJdeb? Sut hynny? Robert—Mae yn gosod pob dyn ar yr un tir, ar yr un lefel a'u gilydd. Os bydd rhaid aberthu drwy fod heb ryw fath o fwyd, neu drwy gaei dim ond ychyHig o honno, mi fydd yr aberth yn gyfartal i bawb. Tomos—Ie. Rwy'n gweld hynny. Robert-Ac os bydd digon o fath arall o fwyd i bawb gael cyfran, mi fydd y fraint honno yn gyfartal hefyd i bawb. John-Rwy'n gweld rwan. Cydraddoldeb yw mynnu cael cyfartal aberth, a chaniatau cyfartal fraint i bawb fel eu gilydd. Robert-Yn hollol felly. A dyna yn unig a wna cyfrannau gorfodol. Pan ddaw hynny mi fydd rhaid i bawb ohonom fyw ar lai nag ydym wedi arfer gael. Tomos—Tad anwyl! Robert—Cymerwch y cwest'iwn o ymenyn. Yr ydym wedi arfer cael deg owns, neu ychv- dig dros hanner pwys, y pen bob wythnos o ymenyn. Ond pan ddaw'r gorfodaeth ni cha neb fwy na chwarter pwys naill ai o ymenyn neu o margarin bob wythnos. Ac felly gyda mathau eraill o fwyd. John-Wel wir, nid oeddwn wedi meddw] hynny. Roeddwn i'n meddwl mai cael mwy ac nicfi llai a fuasai canlyia.d cyfundrefn y rations. (I'w barhau.) t'\tU
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Housing in Cardiganshire.
co-operative method rather than individual I ownership. If an occupier had to leave the district he could sell his share. Mr. D. C. Roberts asked if the tenant could let his house to anyone, and Mr. Thomas replied "No; the Society lets." Mr. Rhys Jones asked if a house cost E300 what rent would be charged; and Mr. Thomas replied that the Society let at an economic rent. In reply to Mr. D. C. Roberts, Mr. Bentley said a society could borrow at the same rate as a local authority; but the security would be different. Instead of the rates the houses would be given as security. The Public Works Loan Board loa-ned up to two-third of the value. The society would have to find one-fifth of the cost of the building. The Chairman said the leasehold system had been the bane of country districts. Mr. Lleufer Thomas said under the co-oper- ative system it would be a reversion after a long lease. A leasehold system was necessary in order that the local authority might have control of maintenance. Mr Bankes Price asked if the scheme referred to was similar to one which the Government proposed? Mr. Bentley replied that it was important to I get houses immediately after the war and the I Government purposed giving a free grant to cover the extra cost of building as compared with pre-war cost. After that there would be in the case of local authorities a charge on the rates for loans. Mr. Walter Davies asked if the Trust had any difficulty in getting land? Mr. Bentley replied that that depended entirely on the locality. There should be no difficulty in rural districts. The Chairman said there was great difficulty in remote country districts throughout Cardi- ganshire. Mr. Lleufer Thomas said district councils had compulsory powers to acquire land. Mr. D. C. Roberts thought that what Mr. Thomas had said would apply usefully to towns and populous areas. How would the system work out in a rural county where a lot of houses could not be built together? Fifty houses might be wanted in a particular district, butthey were not wanted under a colony scheme as had been described. People in the country districts of Cardiganshire did not earn wages such as were earned in the industrial areas of the south and could not pay big rents. If, again, houses were built separately the cost would be greater than if a number of houses were built together. Aberystwyth was able to build thirty or forty houses together and had fairly well dealt with the question. Cardigan, -which wanted fifty houses, might consider Mr. Thomas's scheme; and also Lam- peter; but the difficulty was how to deal with the rural areas. Mr. Lleufer Thomas said that difficulty had got to be confronted by somebody. Could it be done better than by the co-operative system, at ? any rate as far as Lampeter and Cardigan were 1 concerned? Possibly the policy with reference to rural housing would have to undergo a change. Hitherto the principle had been accepted of dotting houses here and there. What was now experienced was that people would not con- tinue to live in isolated houses or hamlets. They required village life, and even in country districts a certain amount of aggregate housing would be necessary. There was also the econ- I omic view to be considered in the grouping of houses. Whether it could be done under the co-operative system r depended upon the area. I In Cardigan and Lampeter there would be no disadvantage in grouping. Mr J. H Davies said he was more interested in rural housing and so far had not seen how to I meet the difficulty. From his knowledge of the country he should be sorry to see mucli r grouping. The worst thing that could happen to wives was that they should be aggregated in villages. He preferred seeing them in separate houses to which a bit of land was attached for the keeping of a pig or a cow which could be attended to by the wives while their husbands were at work in the locality. In that case the children would be brought up in a healthy and useful atmosphere. With re- gard to town housing, surely it should be within the realms of possibility to have stand- ardised houses which would cort less than separate houses. He felt that they must not approach that question from the point of view of forming model villages. Morally it would be a great mistake to herd people in villages. As to the need for improved dwellings there could be no doubt. There were hundreds of I houses in Cardiganshire not fit to live iin. There were farms with houses on them which were not habitable, and it was no use asking •the public authority to deal with them. A great deal depended on the way houses were j built. Owing to the dampness of the j climate and the way houses were built there were not many modern houses which would hold water properly, and that was the cause of much of the sickness that prevailed. They I must have knowledge and experience as to putting up houses as well as how to arrange for money with which to build houses. It was a different problem on the west coast to that of the east coast and the middle of England. The problem of rural housing would have to be thought out for itself and dealt with differ- ently from town housing. The Chairman said there was a tendency to congregate in villages, people wanting to be neai the shop and the school and the post office. Mr ankes-Price said through variations of site, aspect, etc., he had never been able to use the same plan for two separate houses. 'Ha thought the solution of the problem was in centralisation. Agriculture was the principal industry of the county and he did not see why the man who produced food should not be paid as much as the man who produced coal. Wages, then, would have. to be improved before housing could be improved. He would like to see the agricultural industry of Cardi- ganshire organised. Semi-detached cottages should be built in villages near the school, shop, and nost office, from which if a workman had a cycle he could get to his work in a short time, and where the inhabitants could have the amenities of life. Mr T. M. Griffiths said that what was wanted in the country were cottages near farms. Farmers were leaving because of the difficulty of getting labour. Mr. Rhys Jones said he believed in co-opera- tion; but in a county like Cardiganshire people could not possibly pay high rents. As to present housing conditions, people were sent into sanatoria because of those conditions and then had to come back to the same conditions. Within a few miles of Lampeter, and even in Lampeter itself, there were houses not fit to live in. There ought to-be a Government housing scheme. Every working man ought to be enabled to own his own house and the Government could do more in that direction than a co-operative society. In the scheme put before the conference there was no provision for a man to become the owner of his house, j Mr. Bentley—as, there is. Mr. Rhys .,s added that by paying rent a man was expected to pay for the house he occupied in twenty-one years. Mr. Lleufer Thomas replied that under a co- operative society a member could buy his house under the Acquisition of Small Dwell- ings Act. The Government was not going to undertake house building, but looked to local authorities and societies to do so. If local authorities put in an application new the Gov- ernment would make a free grant for a certain amount; but the Government was not going to ¡ bear anything like the whole expense. Mr. Rhys Jones said if county councils lent the money the councils would v ant interest. Mr. D. C. Roberts believed the County Coun- cil would be glad to lend at the same rate as ifc borrowed and simply be the medium of getting the loan. The Chairman said no doubt tl ere was a getting the loan. The Chairman said no doubt tl ere was a desire by working men to become owners of their own houses. Mr. Bentley said the municipality could not do that. It could not make title. By leasing II it could help a man to acquire a 999 year lease. Mr. Lleufer Thomas said it vjs vt rv desir- able to let the Government know at once what was required for housing, or the opportunity for obtaining- a free grant would be lost. The Chairman read a letter from Cardigan j Rural Council saying that no louses were wanted in that district and suggested that that Council might be convinced to the contrary by II that conference. Mr. J. H. Davies said that Council might be convinced that it was desirable to apply for I a free grant. He was sure there were houses in that district not fit to live in. Mr. Rhys Jones asked if there was any dis- trict in Cardiganshire which did not require I houses; and the Chairman answered "No." Aberayron Rural had sent in an application for 200 houses. 7 Mr. Daniel Jenkins said about 100 houses were wanted in Aberystwyth rural district. Mr. J. H. Davies said he would rrove that the conference should send to all urai and i urban councils, urging them to send in complete returns of their requirements, and state what certain districts had already done. If Tregaron found that Aberayron had sent in for 200 houses that would probably lead ri regaron to think. Mr. Lleufer Thomas pointed out that under a Minister of Health no doubt the position with regard to housing would be tightened, for a great many houses would be condemned. Mr. Daniel Jenkins seconded Mr. J. H. Davies's proposition and it was agreed to. The conference then proceeded to enquire what district councils are doing in the matter of housing when Mr. David Davies said that the Town Council of Aberystwyth had provided houses for the town, but Penparke, within the borough, would soon require new houses. Mr. Lleufer Thomas said the great mistake at Aberystwyth was to put too many houses to the acre; and Mr. J. H. Davies agreed, fearing that the comfort of working men had been sacrificed in that way and by the non- provision of a bit of land. Mr. Bentley thought that in future schemes would not be sanctioned for more than twelve houses to the acre in towns and eight in rural districts. Mr D. C. Roberts said there then came in the financial difficulty. Even with houses crowded as they were it was necessary to charge S12 or JE13 rent. Built as cheaply as possible in rural districts how could anyone expect to get that rent? The thing was only possible by borrow- ing money cheaply or by having a free grant. Free grants were made for light railways, and why not for housing. That was the crux of the whole position. Everybody was in favour of more houses, but the difficulty was the financial position. He did not see why there should not be a scheme by which occupiers might become owners. If done, it must be done by public authorities. He did not think there was much hope in a co-operative society. The operation of building societies was too slow. He proposed that the conference should ask the Government for generous loan terms and generous free grants. Mr. Rhys Jones seconded the proposition, iremarking f-iat. the Government ought to comply with the request as far as Cardiganshire was concerned as consumption was rampant in the county. Mr. Lleufer Thomas saying that the free grant would only be the extra cost of buildings as compared with pre-war cost, Mr Rhys Jones said that was not enough. The proposition was then agreed to. Mr. J. H. Davies said the conference was agreed that the problems of rural and urban housing were distinct problems. He proposed That in the opinion of this conference the problems and rural and urban housing are dis- tinct and that different methods ought to be devised to meet them." They would then have to consider what methods should be employed. There were six unions in the county. There ought to be some common. understanding as to what was considered to be a fit house for a man to live in. Having arrived at that under- standing, they should get to know how many houses were not fit to live in and how many new houses were required. The Chairman said there was doubt there were hundreds of houses unfit and yet there were roports that houses were not wanted. Mr. Walter Davies thought that village life should be encouraged and brightened as much as possible. The congregation and gossip of wives were now the only form of recreation they had. He should like the County Council to try to introduce more industries into the county to increase interest. He hoped Great Britain was not going to depenq. on Germany and other foreign countries as it had been in the past. If county councils impressed on the Government the importance of starting new industries all over the country it would keep foreign manufactures out. Industries were started in centres of big population, whereas they should be spread over the country. Britain imported many million pounds worth of stock- ings which could well be made at home. Mr. D. C. Roberts thought it was for local authorities to establish new industries. If they did so, no doubt the County Council would be glad to help in every possible way. Mr. J. H. Davies's proposition to obtain in- formation as to housing in the six unions was agreed to, and it was also agreed to ask the medical officers to supply the information. Reverting to the question of industries, Mr. Lleufer Thomas suggested the development of sea fisheries, Mr. Bentley afforestation. and Mr. D. C. Roberts the woollen industry of the lower part of the county; and, on the proposition of Mr. Walter Davies, it was agreed .to ask the County Council to appoint a Development Com- mittee to act in conjunction with other county councils. Mr. J. H. Davies said there was no question as to the abundance of fish in the sea off the western coast: but fishermen said the Govern- ment was to blame that they were not caught, and the Government said the fishermen had no initiative. Motors for trawling were not used in the Bay as they were used in Cornwall where the fishermen had made a mint of money by the fishermen had made a mint of money by using motors. The men had got to take a proper view of the matter. The men who had any enterprise had gone and those who were left had no go. Mr. David Davies, reverting to the housing question, asked what about the use of the new houses when they were built? There should, he thought, be some way of inducing people to live in the houses, and not in one room only. He knew of large families, members of which had prematurely died. who lived in the back kitchen while the parlour was unused and the legs of furniture put in stockings. (Laughter). Tn houses where baths had been provided the baths were used for boots and odds and ends. Mr. Rhvs Jones said it would be found that those conditions existed at Aberystwyth. Mr J. H. Davies said that was a matter of education. That condition of tMnss prevailed throughout the county. They would see a beauti- ful farm house with a fine parlour, and no fire was lighted in the parlour from one end of the vear to the other. The family lived in the kitchen and the parlour was used as a sort of museum for furniture. Mr. Bankes-Prices- thought that would all on changed if agriculture was properly developed. The Chairman said the discussion had been interesting and hoped some g-ood would come out of it. He proposed and Mr. D. C. Roberts seconded a vote of thanks to Mr. Lleufer Thomas and Mr. Bentley for attending, whica.j was agreed to, and a vote of thanks having been accorded the Chairman for presiding, the conference ended.
IIY Golofn Gymraeg. I
(Continued from previou column.) gofalu am y gwaith hwn yn awyddus iawn ar fod y nifer hwn yn cael ei gynhyddu i filiwn a hanner. Apelir, felly, ar i bawb a allo helpu'r awdurdodau yn hyn o beth. Cyd- nebydd pawb y bydd y bwydydd eleni yn brin ymhob parth o'r byd, ac nid yw'n annichon y bydd ein hymdrechion ynglyn a'r gerddi hyn yn ein cadw, fel cneedl, rhag dioddef oddi- wrth eisiau y bwydydd llysieuol. Gall pob math o gymdeithasau liielpu gyda:y gwaith hwn, trwy gefnogi'r aelodau a'u cynorthwyo i gael y darnau tir angenrheidiol. Apelia yr awdurdodau ar i bawb sy'n methu cael tir wneuthur cais at yr awdurdodau lleol, ac o bydd unrhyw anhawster yn ei gylch, i ysgrif- ennu'n uniongyrchol at Adran y Bwyd. Gofal- ant hwy wedyn fod pob ymchwiliad yn cael ei wneud ynglyn ag anghenion pob ardal ar I ei phen ei hun. -=-