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RURAL NOTES. I -——*— I BY J. MTTia, I í BUNTLEY. GLOUCESTEKSHIEJL ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. of Fern.—'Ettie Watlun.— Scolopon- drium coluuinare. Diarrhoea in Chickens.—"E. B. W. "Pad- Oiiry, and "Anxious."—Please see note on this matter in present issue. [ Book on Canaries.—"M. E. E."—The firm who publislied the Book on Canaries," at 171. X1 leet-street, London, has now removed to 4, AlUne-court, Fleet-street, London. Planting Gooseberries.—"Inquirer."—As the gooseberry bushes are row becoming green it would check them very much it transplanted now. I advise you to wait till next November. Don't forget then. I have written about the water-glass. Harris's Early Kidney Potato. — A. B. Copley.—This is an excellent early kidney potato. It gained much distinction in 1900 as a great cropper and of highest merit on the table. The raiser of it is Mr. James Harris, nurseryman, Blackpill, Swansea, v^ho plea-ae commtuiicate with. Hen Eggs with Three Yolks.—Miss Mary Owen, 'riting from 19, The Grove, Kettering, remarks: —"My mother, who is a great reader and. believer of "Rural Notes," wishes me to tell you that some years ago one of her hens laid a egg which contained three yolks. The hen that laid it laid eggs with double yolks on many occasions." Is a Knowledge of Botany an Aid to the Enjoyment of Pl¡mu; and Flowers?—Edith r. Chapman.—As this is now the busy, practical, hard-working season in gardens, when instruc- tion is wanted on cultivation. I cannot give space to a. note on your question at present; but I will give you my opinions later, which will not give botany a first place. Hen with Cough.—"Ilenwife."—Mix a tea- "Doonful of linseed oil with three or four spoon- fuls of meal. and give it as a soft food each morning for a week. If it has been ill for some time and the cough is established, add a little Cayenne pepper to the food. You should see that your roosting-house is dry overheat! and the house should be quite free from draughts. Name of Apple.—"Monkton."—No. 1. yellow, Is the Cockle Pippin. The fruit you send is of average size. It is a useful apple generally. -No. 2. with the rosy cot on one side, is the Scarlet Nonpariel. It is always of medium size, is a good bearer, and the fruit is of excel- lent flavour. Both are classed amongst the ^est apples which are ready for use from January to April. Diamond Jubilee Orpington Fowls.—"P. L."— riie Diamond Jubilee Orpington fowl is a some- what untried variety as yet. I do not know which varieties of fowls were used to produce it. but I do not recommend you to go in for them very largely until you prove their merits and suitableness for your requirements. The Buff Orpington is a well-known breed, and you conid not be wrong in breeding all you can of this sort, as they are good layers and fine for the table. Weight of Hayrick.—"V. W."—Your calcula- tions are not quite correct. A rick of hay that is settled and ordinarily firm, will cut out at tha rate of about one ton to twelve cubic I' yards. Your rick contains a little over six tons of hay. I am not surprised to hear the owner thinks it should he very much more, as hayricks are very often misjudged. They irequently appear more in bulk than what proves to be the actual weight when they are tested. GoIdMi. Book on Rabbits.H. Ores-.—Bread is not a good food for goldfish. The best is a material sold by grocers called vermicelli. It is used for making puddings, and is a capital food for fish. It is bought in a dry form. not unlike long white worms, and a little of it is Put into the water daily. Small worms, flies, and hard-boiled chopped yolk of egg are also healthy and acceptable foodo for them. The book, "Rabbits for Prizes and Profit." pub- lished at 170, Strand, London, price 2s. 6d., will snit you. Canary with Oough.—W. Norton.—Try and procure some leaves of the speedwell plant (Veronica oiffcinalis); make a tea infusion of them, add a little honey, and give it this liquid io drink in the place of water. You should give it for a fortnight or longer, if necessary. Give some flax teed with the other' seeds, but no hemp seed, and withhold ill 1 sugar _and swecte. Let it hit ve watercress as f°°d- an(l some old mortar in the bottom the cage. Do not let it have a bath until ■•be weather is wanner, when that will benefit A Fig Tree in Jersey.—P. Godfray.—I am glad Ü.. A Fig Tree in Jersey.P. Godfray.-I am glad to learn you think the treatment I recom-, mended has improved ycur fig tree. The fruit that forms late in the autumn adheres to the 1 thocts during the winter and develops in spring, < These are the earliest fle-s, and are followed by 1 others Sometimes in England, when the ( winter is severe, they all drop on. Dut you t should let them stay if they will, and I dare-1 say they will in your climate. Be sure you give th3 Toots abundance of water as growth! j begins. ] Salting Mouldy Hay.—"Small FDrmer.It, would not sweetsn and improve your mouldv hay to shake a quantity of salt through it < now. If it is thought it may turn out mouldy, j it is sometimes salted when put in the rick, and this very often improves it, but now it wculd not do it any good. If you have any 3 mangolds or turnips and sweet straw, you should chaff the latter and the hay up. pulp 1 L'he roots, and mix all together, when you < would have a mixture that your stock would ^afc readily and benefit by. This is the best 1 way of utilising mouldy hay. ] Cat with Bronchitis.—"Gypsy."—Your cat is suffering from bronchitis It is a rather J common complaint in cats. You should give it a dose of castor oil—a teaspoonful will be 1 enough. If there is any diarrhoea., add three 1 dropi of laudanum to the oil. Feed on beef t tea and milk and arrowroot. One teaspconfu' ( of cod-liver oil should be given twice a dav. l'his is very beneficial, and rarely fails to cure ,he ailment. In giving the oil, if you have any •I'faculty, roll it np in a sheet or tablecloth, ill but the head, and while one poraon holds ( t let another pour the oil down i!s throat "i ;arefully. j Eggs for Hatching.—" J. B."—Your hens are g i very mixed lot, but they lay very well, and c the May birds beginning to lay in December was a very good time to secure eggs. As some j of them were hatched from :IO!> eggs and others from different sources they cannot he related, and you can use the ep:gs from them for hatching. They will not all become broody >■ together. One may do so, probably, early in ? April, and the others will follow in that month i and May. and you should set them as they become ready. I dealt very fully with the management of sitting hens early in the year. Probably, you can look up your back numbers. The Flower of the Nut Tree.—A. B. Webb.— The long tails or catkins you nee on the nut trees in the spring are the male fiowers. and 1 the females may be seen in the form of a email bright scarlet blossom on the stem*. Those who asserted the nut tree had no blooms could net have taken much trouble to acquaint themselves with its composition or ( habits. Its blossoms are most, interesting, and you will have no difficulty in finding I them on the bushes at the present time. When r the weather is severe at the time it i.-s m + bloom the crop is very apt to be deficient, or sometimes a failure, but on an average- filberts on* nuta Wnv n cn-od crop three years in five. 1 on* nuta Wnv n cn-od crop three years in five. 1 Blasdon Red 0 Plum.-F. Buttsrneid.-The Blasdon red plum is quite distinct from the Red Magnum Bonum. The latter is rather the larger of the two. is more thick in the BkH? and inferior in flavour. The Illasdoli red is inpe in July and early in August; tne red Magnum Bonum not till Seotember. The irees are of different habit, and the Blaedon will produce ten fruits to one of the Magnum. I know some nurserymen have a. peculiar way. when a, certain variety of tree is asked for. of suggesting the substitution of another as being identical vith it: but this liberty should not be taken with the Bla-don red plum, as it stands alone. Peas for Exhibition in July and August.— "W. M."—Peas require from twelve to fourteen alone. Peas for Exhibition in July and August.— "W. M."—Peas require from twelve to fourteen weeks to get into full pod from the time of mowing until ready for gathering. Those you wish to exhibit on July 10 should be sown in the first week of April. The others you wish ready for show on August, 26 may be so™ the last week in May. Many peas are sown too soon to be at their best at the time of the I shows, and they are exhibited in a somewhat discoloured condition of the pods, and the peas are hard inside, whereas they should all be quite green and perfectly frfch. Years ago I took muoh interest in growing peas. I have a silver cup now which I won then in London for J, va-rieties. They %veri newly introduced at tnat time by Messrs. Carter, and included Telegraph, Telephone, Pride of the Market, and Strata-gem. Dog with Fits.—H. Hall.—I would have been glad it you had given me some idea of how the do?i^f,.a,%c^d- They are subject to so many fits—epileptic, apoplectic, dis- temper, worms. Ac. A dog in a fit is verv alarming to some, as it Ie often thought they are going mad. rhey rarely bite those who attend to them when in the fit. and attempts should alwviys be made to give them relief Epileptic fits are the most common. Obtain from a chemist a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric other and tincture of opium, keep 3D a well-corked bottle, and as poon as you can after the clog" a small tea,spoon- ful in mills or beef tea. As a preventative, eive of bromide of potash twice daily in a little water for a week. A cure may then be effected, but if they shored recur renew the treatment. Let the dog have easy exercise and comfortable quarters. Dog with Cough. FOW:9 with Roup.—"W. r fI.I do not think your dog has distemper' but is, suffering from weakness, and requiref11 P'entj' of nourishing food. Get your chemist, to make up the followingAromatic spirits of fjoamoaia toz.. tincture of cinchona co ioz., d«lUor cinchona*, tlav idr., water 8oz. Give a "Insert spoonful daily. Its food snould consist gL^tmtai well boned in milk and beef tea, yon i5 il be threatened with distemper, and be it this treatment at once, it may not v€r "oily averted, but it will be reduced to a, Your t f°rm of this troublesome complaint, r°tiD are undoubtedly suffering from from' tv. 11 should .separate the affected birds ailiiJB t ^ealthy ones at oaoe. Allow those been no rerixain in the pens cr run they have on freBlCUI>y*ng'• am- those not yet affected *K>li0 if'Qund. Disinfect the runs with car- ytua, wash the drinking dishes out, ai^ j thoroughly clean everything. (latch the fowls suttering and wa.sl1 their mouths out with warmwater in which a little of Condy's Fluid lia s been mixed. Get some of Spratt's Roup Pills, and give these as you find directed on tha box. A Persistently Degenerating Lawn.—"C. P."— Your lawn persists in going backward more than any I eve-r heard of. As you have been putting so many ashes on it to improve the drainage. I am of opinion it is these that are doing the mischief. They make the soil very poor. They also drain the ground excessively in dry weather, and it is then, that many of the roots would perish, and weaken the turf so much that it could not pass through the winter uninjured. Do not put on any more ashes. If the lawn is still over-damp, get some 2in. or 3in. drain-pipes, and put three rows of these across it, to fall out where it is lowest, or where the water can b? conveyed away readily. Put the pipes down, to a depth of 18in., and place a layer, of stones over the top of them, about gin. in thickness. If it does not'-require draining, take the old mossy turf up, and put new soil on the surface to a, depth of 6in. or more. Get fresh turf and- re-lay it. or, if turf is not available, sow it with lawn seed. In this case you should add some rotten manure to the surface before sowing the seed, and this would also do good under the turf. Next November get 251b. of basic slag, and sow this on the surface. A dressing of lime at that time would also be very beneficial. A QUICK-MATUiTl:NG VEGETABLE— SPINACH. Several correspondents complain that the vegetables in their garden are becoming very scarce, and they do not see much prospect of a great increase for some eon-side- rable time. and they are anxious to plant or sow crops at present that would he ready for use as soon as possible. This, I believe, will be a very general experience, as, although the winter has not been so severe as to damage broccoli and other winter greens to any great extent, yet very few have sufficient green vegetables to meet their wants in March, April, and May. Spring cabbage and aspa- ragus will be in during the latter two months. but cabbage are often longer in heading than in agreeable, and asparagus is not so much grown as to he generally available as an every-day vegetable at any time. There is cnly one vegetable that. can be recommended CC as being especially fast in coming to matu- rity in the spring and early summer. This is spinach. There are two varieties generally cultivated—the round seeded and the prickly seeded. The former is the variety to deal with at present, the prickly being the best for winter. Both have very much the same habit of growth. They form teave-3 close to the ground. They are very green in colO'r, and full of juice. Each leaf grows about the sire of one's hand, and every leaf may he gathered, cooked, and oaten. The first- are picked off as soon aa they are large enough, when others become large and furnish gatherings. A plantation of spinach will give a succession almost every day for three c weeks, and it is an easy matter growirig a succession of it. The first seed should be sown in good soil and in a. sunny position, so as to induce quick growth. Later it will succeed in less favourable positions. The soil for it should he somewhat rich. If it is forked fiver and the seed sown at once, the leaves will be ready to gather in five or six weeks hence. The'seed is not unlike hemp weeks hence. The'seed is not unlike hemp seed. so well known v/ith canary keeper: It always germinates well, and should he sown rather thinly in rows one foot apart and about two inches below the surface. THE EARLY SPRING FLOWER-BEDS. There is a bright and delightful time in the immediate future for all who have bulbs and other spring flowers growing in their gardens The winter has dealt lightly with these, as there has been no gnreat severity to injure or check them, and they are now dis- posed to grow freely. This may be facili- tated considerably by loosening the surface of the soil amongst the plants with a hoe or fork. Do not dig deeply or interfere with any of the roots. If the soil is very poor and a little stimulant is to be applied in the form of guano, nitrate of soda, or such like, shake a teaspocnful round each plant before break- ing the surface. If manure was put between the plants in the autumn, the properties of it will now have been washed into the soil, and all the refuse may be cleared oif. The beds and borders can then, be made neat and attractive, and this is an off-set tr, the plants and flowers, which increases the great plea- sure they afford. sure they afford. DIARRHOEA IN CHICKENS. I fear, from all Ithat diarrhoea is very prevalent with chickens at prpaeut. This I attribute to fhe very wet weather expe- rienced since March came in. It is a most undesirable complaint, :-a nothing is more weakening to little ch-okcns. Very many of them die from it, and those which survive are so much weakened and reduced that it checks their growth for a considerable time, and is often the means of their never attain- ing that full size ami robustness so much v;jehad for in all fowl?. There is no mis- tokmg the symptoms of this: i!incs?. as their drofipings are of a watery description. The liquid clings to the feathers behind, and often c10gs up the vent. while the wings droop from exhaustion, and the bird has an unmis- takably drooping and sick appearance. Feeding them on very soft, sloppy, sour food will cause it. Keeping them on wet ground or floors and in a generally damp condition that chills them are also a sure means of pro- ducing diarrhoea. Keeping a constantly dry floor under them is a good way of avoiding it. and. when they are suffering:, being trans- ferred to a dry footing will be most beneficial. Dry ashe3 are the befit material they can be put on. v.3 they are comfortable and act. as an absorbent and c'isinfector of the eoft and objectionable droppinga. Chickens suffering from d'iarrhcea. sfhoakl not be let out on wet days or when the ground is very wet. The manner of feeding them is also of great im- portance. If possible, they should be kept from green food until cured. Neither should they have any water to drink, or, if they do. it should be a3 pure and as sweet as that used for domestic purposes on the table; but I prefer their having none. Rice boiled hard and dry. and not in a sticky state, is one of the most suitable foods. «It may be given by itself or mixed with a little good bariey meal. When the chickens are sin-all. hard-boiled egg should be chopped up and included. If the disorder is excoailve. a sprinkling of finely- powdered chalk should be mixed up with the rice. Do not give dry bread, or bread of any kind. In bad eases, a few drops of camphorated spirits mixed with the rice is very effective. Laudanum is also employed in the same way as the spirits, hut that is generally when the complaint takes the form of dysentery. In wet weather it ia well to withhold F-oft food in a great measure, and feed on whole wheat and barley. If this is done, and feeding is rettilit,ed by the condi- tion of the weather, a great amount of rouble and worry may be saved, as whole grain, combined with dryness, is in no wny likely to create diarrha>a. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES I am ghul to find some correspondents inquiring about these. I have often advised I their culture, as they eye a most serviceable winter vegetable. No crop IS more easily cultivated or more certain to give a return, and 1 can never understand why this arti- clioke is not grown in every garden. It is a vegetable well known in large gardens and big houses, but it is by no means aristocratic, although of agreeable favour, as it is one of the beat roota a poor man could grow, and it may be classed with the polato in its general i usefulness as a. winter root. The tubers may be secured by buying a few pounds or pecks. They are not, expensive. They are very hardy, and may be planted in March. They will grow in any hind of soil. and it should only oo of medium richness, as if excessively so a great. flea! of top-growth may be produced and not any great amount of roots. The stems attain a height of six feet or more, but t.hey need not be planted more than eighteen incaes from row to row, or two feet at most, and one foot from set to set. Being so tall m growtu, they are a good boundary or screen plant, CARNATIONS FROM SEED. There are few fiowers which bloom in the beds and borders in summer and autumn that are more valued than carnations. They are excellent to cut and nse in rooms. They form admirable buttonhole flowers, and lad'es are very partial to them as sprays. When grown for market, they command the highest price of all open-air flowers. roses included, and no one can make a mistake :n growing them. But all do not meet with success in planting named varieties. Some of thssi have a delicate constitution, and do not grow into large plants. Certain soild. too. are averse to their healthy development, but wherever disappointment baa been expe- rienced with these plants I advise the culture of carnations from "eed,. Last year the finest batch of carnations I saw throughout the whole of the summer" were plants that had been raised from seed sown in Marjh The p)ants were most robust. They bad grown into large masses, had abundance of strong, tall flower stems, and innumerable blooms of good size and beautiful colours. Armfuls of flowers might have been cut from them. and thin is what all desire in dealing with such magnificent fiowers as carnations. A few plant? in all batches of seedlings will bear single flowers. These are of little value, but good strains will pjrcduce 90 per cent. of double flowers. The seed is not difficult to germinate. It may be sown in pots drained and filled with a light sandy soil. Fill the Ijotg first, make the soil firm on the surface, sprinkle the seed evenly, but not thickly, and cover it over to the depth of half an inch. Water the surface carefully, so a? to moisten the soil all through, and place the pots in a greenhouse or frame. They do not require a high temperature, from 55deg. to 65deg. being high enough to induce free and healthy growth. An soon as the plants appear, place them where they will have plenty of light and a little fresh air. as carnations have a great objection to close and stuffy atmo- spheres. CO-OPERATION IN ALLOTMENTS. An allotment holder on the Hunger Hills, Nottingham, and another in Monmouthishire both lament their inability to secure by purchase the various appliances necessary to conduct cultiva- tion on the best lines. They say that spraying various trees and crops is often recommended, but they have nothing but a water-pot to do this with, whereas they think —and quite rightly—that a syringe or garden engine would do it efficiently and save labour. I quite agree with what my correspondents state, and the want of such appliances is often very much felt. not only by working- men allotment holders, hub by amateurs everywhere. I do not think I know of any implement that is more useful in cultivating plants of all kinds than a good syringe or a water engine, but I know it is expensive to buy. and I can only suggest co-operation in obtaining such things. In the ca3e of allotments there are some scores or hundreds closely connected. Their cultivators are, almost without exception, cn the best of terms with each other—the recreation of cultiva- ting allotments or gardens has an immense tendency to harmony—and it would be an easy matter for numbers to club together and buy. syringes or engines, which would be available for shareholders. The best syringes co:3t about 18s. One would last for years. and if each member could get the use of it by a subscription of 6d. or so the benefit would exceed the cost twenty times over. Some of the more expensive appliances should be bought by the same arrangement, and co- operation should be very geueral in buying manures and seeds. Unfortunately, natural manures are generally very scarce with allotment holders, and a good deal has to be done with artificials; but all of these are obtainable at a much cheaper rate by the ton than in small qualities, and clubbing together to buy manure 4s an excellent plan, and certainly an economical one. The prin- cipal seeds, too—such a 3 potatoes, which will soon require planting—can be bought- at nearly half the price by the ton than by the peck or pound, and if a. large quantity is I bought from. a trustworthy seedsman the system works to the advantage of every cultivator connected with it. EARLY CABBAGE. The cabbage crops planted last autumn are in better condition now than at this rime in many pervious years. The winter has not caused them to shrink or deprived them of their freshness, and, although there may not be many of them ready for use at Easter, which i.3 a favourite time for the first of them to put on the table, they will be ready in plenty in April. They are one of the moc-t appreciated of all vegetable crops, as their sweetness and freshness arc very acceptable to us after being confined to the more coarse vege- tables of winter. The plants, in whatever stage of devclopm"nt they may bs. may be facilitated in their growth by giving t.hem a. little extra- attention now. If there are any blanks in. the rows, fill them up with plants from the seed bed. net a few pounds of nitrate of soda, crush it into a powder, and sprinkle a dessertspoonful of it round the stem of each plant. Guauo is the next best fertiliser, and may be used iu tin- same way. A fresh ridge of soil should then be drawn up on each side of the pJant.3. THE PAMPAS GRASS. The pampas grasc is the tallest growing and most robust of all grasses cultivated iu this country. Its botanical name is Gynerium Argenteum. and. although a native of the tropical part of America, is quite hardy in this country. Those who do not. know what this grass is like may have noticed it, growing in Eorae gardens. The leaves grow upwards, then droop over. It forms a handsome, large, round mass, with huge pimus from three to five feet, in height. These are thrown up about, midsummer, and attain their full size in the autumn. They are very ornamental on the plant,, and when cut may be tised in room decoration in winter as a dried orpa- ment. They r.re especially appropriate for cbiirch decoration or large halls. When bought in the plants will be about a, handful, but they grow quickly, and in two or three years make very striking subjects. They should be planted in de"p. well-manured soil. They may be planted here and there in shrubberies or as isolated specimens on lawns. They are also highly ornamental bv the edges of lakes and pools, as the moisture I there suits them, and their growth not only givea a pleasing impression, but the reflection of them iu the water lends an addition:! attraction. They are sometimes planted in large groups, but I prefer them singly. They are adapted to both large and small lawns, but. while one or two might be enough in the latter, a dozen might be planted here and there in the former. Although a grass, no kind of animal will eat it. t RADISH IN THE OPEN GROUND. Radish is one of the quickest-growing salad plants, fconio are so fond of them as to grow them all the year round, but others "only- favour them early in the season, when they are new and crisp. It ie a, crop that is much forced iu frames for market, and great Quan- tities f.re imported from France to meet the demands in towns, but the majority of growers hive to wait til! the first crop is ready in the open ground before they are plentiful on the table. The earliest, oppor- tunity is taken to sow the seed, and this may be generally done now. If the garden is a very early one. and a good market is at hand. sow a, large breadth and send them to market as early as possible. The seed is not expen- sive. They do not require much attention, and they are produced so thickly on the ground that. if early, they are a, very profit- able Arop. I know that very many of my readers are anxious to sell produce from their gardens, and they could not start with a. better crop than radish. If sown now, they would all b? cleared off in five or six weeks hence, and another crop could be put. in the place tlioy occupied and receive the full benefit of the season. The radish is a quick- return crop. Where it is not grown for rale, a very small patch will suffice at first. It should be in a. warm, sheltered spot, and the soil light. If it is not. so, add some sand or grit, to it. Make the soil very firm, do not sow thickly, and cover with half an inch of soil. The variety French Breakfast is a good early radish. FIELDS FOR HAY. Several correspondents who are not farmers but who own some land and keep a little stock have written lately about the nelda they intend treating for hay. They are uncer- tain as to the best, date to cease grazing these and some other points, but their ques- tions are all very opportune, and they have I not left any of them too late, which I am glad of, as hay crops, like all others, should have proper attention whenever due, as :,his makes all the difference, as a, rule, in the crop being a full one or only a partial success. There is not much grass on any field at the present time for stock to eat, and, although some contend that the hay may he lessened if the field is grazed after the first of March, that, is not my experience. A very general and favourite date to withdraw stock from fields intended for hay is March 23. If the spring is a very early one. and the grass has ¡. started to grow before then, the hay may not be ready for cutting ctuitepo early as if gracing had been discontinued on March 1. but, I never knew it. to decrease the crop or make it less profitable. J. therefore, advise all to graze up till March 25. a.nd then prohibit stock from entering such fields. A wad or who vas speaking to me on the f-ubjeai. when I met him at the Shire Horse Show in London, said he often grazed his hay fields up till the first, of April, especially when. a-a he expressed it. "keep was short," and I know many are tempted to do T,hc same..Although that is not the date I favour, I cannot say much against it, as the only difference it will make is that. while those who ceased grazing earlier may cut their bay from the middle to the .end of June, tijc later grazers may not be justified in doing so till July. The weather is always a great anxiety at the haymaking time. Those who can cut early are sometimes the most fortunate, but there is no rule to this. and the late ones are often more favocred than the first, About the last week in March is a most suitable time to chain or brunh harrow all hay fields. Of the two the home-made brush harrow is the better, ns it dislodges the moss from the surface better than the chain harrow, and it also spreads manure, mole heaps, and other deposits best. Black thorn are excellent branches to form it with. Dc not, harrow when the soil and manure are very ftticky, but when so dry as to he readily broken and scattered. After harrow- ing gather all stones and refuse from the surface,.and loll it well with a heavy roller. The latter does great good. as it levels the surface, ready for the mower, and makes it so firm that drought does not penetrate it so injuriously as when loose. DAHLIA ROOTS. The dahlia, roots which were stored last autumn should now be put under treatment, to induce them to grow. Anyone with a glass- house or frame that can be protected from frost will have no difficulty in st,arting them into growth, but those with no artificial appliances will do best to defer starting them at present, as their growth i2 vory tender, and 1 once it is begun it is very easily checked, I unless they can have sufficient protection. I < know of some small growers who have no 5 place to start their dahlia roots who keep j them stored until the middle of April, and ] then plant, them in the open ground. They are dormant then, but they grow in May, and < generally make very robust, showy plants, j They are later in blooming than the early- started ones. but that is all the difference j experienced. If the roots are few, each one i may he put into a. pot in some rich soil and f placed in a very gentle heat. If the roots are ( numerous, they may bo planted in shallow [ boxes, as they will require less space in these than in pots. If it is desired to increase the I number of plants, this may be done by detich- ing some of the largest tubers from the stem ( where they c'uster, and treat them as sepa- rate roots. OVie cluster of roots may furnish eight, ten, or a dozen plants in this way. It is an easy and sure way of increasing them. and it is when they are being arranged to be started into growth that the separation should be done. As they begin to grow keep them near the light, as if they are drawn up weakly they never form good plants. Propa- gation by cuttings ta-kea place when the young shoots are three or four inches high.

MONMOUTH BOROUGHS ELECTION. THE PETITION AGAINST DR. RUTHERFOORD HARRIS, M.P. As the time for hearing the petition which has been presented against the return of Dr. Rutherfoord Harris, M.P. for the Monmouth Boroughs, draws near, interest in the matter in the constituency is rising very high, and the legal repre- sentatives of both sideo are getting very busy preparing for the trial. The hearing, as we have already notified, is due to begin at Newport Town-hall on Friday, March 29. The three judges appointed to try petitions wore Mr. J ustice Kennedy, Mr. Justice Darling, and Mr. Justice Chaimell. It is expected that two of these will take the Monmouth Boroughs case. Their lordships sit with- cut a jury. Lodgings for their two learned lordships have been secured by taking the fine detached house known as The Friars, situate close to the uop-er entrance to Belle Vue Park. The petitioners are Messrs. Thomas Lmbpry and Christopher Sweeting, both working men. Who the persons are stand- ing behind and providing the sinews of war is not known outside a very small circle. The illegal practices alleged in the peti- tion comprise the publication during the election of untrue statements concerning the Libera] candidate (Mr. Albert Spicer), payments for the conveyance of electors to the poll, posting bills which did not bear the imprint cf the printer, payments otherwise than by the appointed election agent (Mr. Henry Longstali), and a wrong return of the election expenses of Dr. Rutherfoord Harris, the successful candi- date. The inner knowledge of charges and the evidence by which they are alleged to be supported has been kept jealously guarded by those responsible for the petition. Dr. Rutiierfoord Harris will be repre- sented by Mr. H. F. Dickens, K.C.. anrj Mr. Lewis Coward. Mr. Dickens is a son of tne celebrated novelist, and possesses much of l-'s father's wit and vivacity. He is a Mtie man. with a keen. hatchet-like face, and is the greatest living exponent as a reciter of the court scene in "Pick- wick. Mr. Lewis Coward is a specialist in election petitions. He is the talle-t man at the Bar, and, as Mr. Dickens is man at the Bar, and, as Mr. Dickens is one of the shortest, the learned counsel will strike a good average. Dr. Ruthcr- foord Harris's solicitor is the celebrated Mr. Hawksley, of Jameson Raid ff.ine. Curiously enough, he is a strong Liberal in politics.

CARDIFF ELECTRICAL TRAM- WAYS. FURTHER PROGRESS REPORTED. A meeting of the Cardiff Tramways Com- mittee was held on Friday at the borough engineer's office, Mr. J. w/Courtis. J.P.. pre- siding. Mr. Harpur. the borough, engineer, reported generally upon the progress of the electric tramways. A further length of permanent wny had been completed in Cathedral-road, and the rail3 had been 'aid as far as Plasuirtoii-place. The average number of men and carts ensaged on the works was 109 and twenty respectively. The construction of tramway lines in Penarth- road and Clare-road was commenced on the 1st, inst. Satisfactory progress had been made with the work in Castle-road and Corporation- roud. In the former road the whole of the wood paving for the up road and the tramway and the western side of the carriag.e way had been completed as fav as Cyfarthfa-street. On account of the difficulty in obtaining a ar supply of conduit blocks for the cables, the work in Broadway had not progressed in a satisfactory manner. A large number of men were employed en each section. Mr. Fox asked for the actual cost per yard of the work and the number of yards of work that had been completed. Mr. Harpur replied that he could not give the actual cost per yard of the work until a whole section had be '11 completed. In further reply to Mr. Fox, the Borough Engineer said the cost of the work would have to be borne between the public works and electrical committees. Mr. Veall suggested that the concrete work be measured up week by week and reported to the committee. Mr. Fox then referred to the statements maae by outsiders" as to the slow progress made. The Thorough Engineer said he was perfectly satisfied with the progress made, and that they were getting the work through as speedily as possible. They had to lay down fifteer, miles of single track and eight miles of double track. A sub-committee, consisting of the mayor (Councillor Andrews), Alderman Jacobs, Alder- man Csrey, Messrs. J. Jenkins, Evans. end Fox, was appointed to fnrther discuss with Mr. Glenn, secretary of the tramway company, the preparation of the existing tracks for electric traction, and to report to the tramway committee from time to time.

DEATH OF AN OLD CARDIFFIAN Mr. Matthew Cross died suddenly at his residence, 33, Gordon-road, Cardiff, on Wed- nesday evening. He was an elder brother of Mr. Edward Cross ironmonger, St. Mary-street, and for many ypa.-R was engaged at the wholesale warehouse of Messrs. Cross Brothers in Working-street On Monday evening he complained of illness, and went home, but refused to see a medical man. On the following day he rallied, but on Wednesday afternoon he became worse, and died before a doctor could be called in Atl inquest was held at the Town-hail, Car- diff. on Friday evening, when, after hearing medical and other evidence, the jury returned a verdict of "Death from heart failure."

SWANSEA LIBEL ACTION SETTLED. The action for libel brought by Coun- cillor Morgan Hopkin. Swan sea, against. Mr. T. B. Brown, a. brother butcher of the same town. was on Friday settled. The parties met before the district registrar at SwanBua. and defendant agreed to apologise and pay costs aa between party and party, and the plaintiff withdrew his claim for damages and staved proceedings. The allegations were in connec- tion with the plaintiff's conduct at the cor- poration. .A

^HEELER'S 1JNRIVALLED JTARM gEEDS Of PROVED GERMINATION AND QUALITY. WHEELER'S GRASS AND CLOVER Seeds, for all soils and purposes, of the finest description, from lOg. 6d. per acre. WHEELER'S GOLDEN MELON Mangel, now recognised as the best and most nutritious Mangel grown. is. 2d. per lb. Other sorts from lOd. per lb. WHEELERS IMPERIAL SWEDE grows a great weight- per acre of sound, juicy, and nutritious bulb3. the keeping quality and hardness of which cannot be excelled, Is. Zd. per lb., 55s. per bushel. Other sorts from lid. per lb. WHEELERS LIST OF FARM SEEDS Gratis and Post Free. J. C. WHEELEE Airo s°> LIMITED. SEED GROWERS, &c., Q L 0 UCE STER. c2396 Is. 6d. GARDEN SEEDS. Is. 6d. NEW, GENUINE. AND WELL TESTED. On receipt of Postal Order for ls. 6d., or 20 stamps, we will send, post free, loz. each of iVheeler's Imperial Cabbage, Hollow-crown Parsnip, Masterpiece Onion (grand exhibition )r main crop variety), and selected Carrot; tox mch of Savoy, Kaotsti, early Turnip, and Broccoli (early ana late); l packet each of L.ettuce, Marrow, Cucumbers; G packets choice Slower Seeds. Also, for Is. extra, 1 packet each Mustard, >ess. Beet, 1 lCKiing Cabbage, Borecole or Brussels Sprouts, Leek, Cauliflower. Golden Ball rnrnip; and wIth every 2s. 6d. parcel we will lend two Grand NoveltIes-a pricket of Magnum Bonum Marrowfat Peas (produces pods 5 to & nches long, well filled with -peas of delicious lavour). and a packet of Climax Runner Beans a Gplendid variety, with enormous pods), often tttaining 14 inches in length. The above Parcels contains 5s. 6d. worth of inest quality seeds for P.O. 2s. 6d.. or 32 stamps. GROVES AND QOX, SEED MERCHANTS, ° PIDDLBTEENTHIDE, DORCHESTER. c2281

WALES AND THE ROYALARMS MOVEMENT DESCRIBED AS LUDI- CROUS AND TRIVIAL. MOVEMENT DOOMED TO FAILURE. PRINCIPALITY HAS NO SEPARATE EXISTENCE. [By Mr. A. C. FOX-DAVIES.] The following article on the movement for including Wales on the Royal Standard has been sent to us by Mr. A. C. Fox-Davies, an authority on ail matters connected with heraldry: There are some agitations which serve a useful purpose, there are others that are futile and mischievous, and foredoomed to failure. Of the latter character is the petition shortly to be presented to his Majesty praying that arms should be assigned to Wales, and that these should be included in the Royal achieve- ment. Of course, as the fountain of honour and the sole arbiter of the laws of honour, the King can do anything. If he choose to issue his warrant that the Royal Arms of this country shall consist of twenty elephants standing upon their heads, depicted upon a field like unto Joseph's coat. that concoction the Royal Arms will be. and there is no one to say him nay. The matter is beyond the control of Parliament, and solely within the prerogative of the Sovereign. His Majesty is hardly likely to so decree, and the proba- bility that a warrant will be issued for arms for Wales to be included in the Royal achieve- ment is little less improbable. The sugges- tion has been constantly cold-watered by the Crown and its Ministers, and by the officers of the Crown who are deputed to the control of armorial mattei-3. There is no one on the committee which is working this agita- tion at the moment who can possess more than the most superficial heraldic knowledge, or the agitation would never have reached its present, stage. It is purely pollUcal-a politi- cal biel for separatist recognition of Wales as a nation, and as a, separate nation, the thin end of the wedge in a separatist policy for Wales, copied from. and only a more dignified form of. the Irish separatist pro- ceedings. Let us have the issue clear. The bidding is lor Wales as a separate nation, and for recognition as such. The insertion or exclusion of the arms of Wales is but a trivial pawn in the political game; per se the utter triviality of the claim is evidenced by the period (1277-1901). six hundred and twenty- fonr .years, which it has taken to bring- the agitation even to'the point it has reached at the moment. Wale3 has no arms, and has never had an3r; 1901 is rather late in the day to assign a brand new coat of arms to a nation which. as a separate entity ceased to exist in 1277. That. Wales ever had a united national existence equiva- lent to England and Scotland is open to argu- ment. We don't want a twentieth century coat introduced into the Royal Arms now, unless it be a genuinely new one granted now to typify the Colonies which are new, which deserve a recognition that Wales has no claim to. and which have an importance in the scheme of Empire which Whiles never has had, nor ever will. We don't want a "sham. antique" foisted on the Royal Arms which tyP'ty the Sovereign Dominion of his Majesty King; Edward VI). Save is a geographical expression, W ale<s ceased to exist in 1277, and there was. and is. less reason to give it a place upon the Royal Arms than there would be to assign the fourth quarter to the Trans- vaal. The Arms of Man, of the* Duchy of Nor- mandy, of the Duchy of Lancaster, of Canada. of the Cape, of Nova Scotia, and (did they existl of India and Australia, have, heraldi-1 cally and politically, a far better claim to a place upon the shield which does diity for the Empire than anly nineteenth century "sham-antique" invented for a collection of tribes, of chieftains and their followers, who were conquered and absorbed for good and all, and which as a separate nation ceased to exist in 1277. Their ludicrous ignorance of their subject is amply typified by the committee's choice of the proposed arms for Wales—"Per fesse ar- gent and vert, a dragon passant gules." This, judging from the reports I have seen in the press, is popularly supposed to be an exist- ing coat of arms with superior claims to its rival—"Quarterly or and gules, four lions passant gnardant countercharged." The dragon business is not a coat of arms, and never was: it is an att.empt to translate into blazon the Dragon Standard of Henry vn, A standard did not display the arms of ita owner-his banner did. It is quite a modern misnomer for it, that the Banner of the Royal Arms is so often termed tho Royal Standard. The principal device upon a standard (after the Cross of St. G-corge for Merrie England. which everyone placed next the staff) was cne of the supporters of the. owner of the standard, if he possessed supporters, ûr. if not, his cre3t. or a charge from his shield or his badge. The Dragon Standard wa3 simply for the Red Dragon supporter of King Henry VII. The other supporter of King Henry was a greyhound, and ho had, consequently, a grey- hound standard as well as a dragon one. The red dragon is called the Red Dragon of Cad- walla-der. but. it has yet to be shown that Henry VII. adopted it by reason of his Welsh dominions. It is far more likely that he adopted it for personal reasons on account of his own Welsh descent. But, even granting that- he gave to it a. territorial meaning and character, we are confronted with the sug- gestion in 1901 that a coat of arms should now be granted for a nation which cease?! to exist in 1277, th't never obtained a recognition of "union" with this country, but which was conquered and absorbed; and the 'shield" which is chosen is not a coat of arms, but the design upon a standard, and that one which only originated in the reign of Henry VII. Need one say more? If the Welsh committee had thought a little lonsrer they would have saved themselves another refusal, which they are pretty certain to receive, and they might even have arrived at a. suggestion which would probably be granted if properly put forward. Wales as a kingdom never existed, as a separate nation is ended, and will never be revived. Bnt there still remains the title of "Prin,cc of Wales," at present "merged in the Crown," hut which is to he conferred upon his Royal Highness the Duke of Corn- wall and York upon his return from Australia. There would be nothing un- heraldic or unprecedented done if arms were to be assigned to him to be borne for his title of Prince of Wales when the new Royal Warrant for his arms is issued. There are many precedents for such a course. The Dauphin of France always bore Quarterly 1 and 4, France 2 and 5 for, a dolphin azure. finned gules) for his title of Dauphin. The Dukes of Westminster bear the arms of that city; the Duke of Cornwall has a coat for that duchy; the King has a separate coat for his Duchy of Lancaster, which can be seen upon the seal of the duchy. The Earl of Mar and Kellie has a coat for his Earldom of Kellie, and the Duke of Abercorn one for his Duchy of Chatelherault. Now, what arms should be assigned to his Royal Highnes-i to be.r for his title of Prince of Wftles? There is but one coat which is sligible, and that is the personal coat of Llewellyn ap Griffith, the last native Prince. As the spoil of conquest., it has legally devolved upon the English Crown, if the Crown sets any store thereby, and it is at the disposal of the Crown. (To grant a dragon passant with- _4. "1.nA,l_J. -1:1 out some* muutiii ucucmmem waa.u now infringe on existing rights.) There is an added reason, moreover, which if past senti- ment is to count for anything- whnte-ver. would seem to leave no question of choice. Owen Glendower was a rebel and, of course, his acts carry no recognised creative sanction; but it cannot he overlooked that when he assumed the Principality he discarded his own personal arms -and assumed as the arms of his Princi- pality of Wales those of Llewellyn, namely, "quarterly, or and gules, four lions passant guardant, counterchanged." Fancy any Welshman discarding a genuine coat with such a history attached to it in favour of a "sham antique, manufactured in 1901 from a converted supporter! What can the committee know or care about Armory? By all means keep to the dragon. hut let it remain a supporter and a badge. What should we think of Scotland throwing away its "treasured" lion now to invent in 1901 a new coat of arms from its unicorn sup- porter? Let the petition to his Majesty ask that one of the bupporters be assigned in the new Warrant to his Royal Highness be a red dragon. The arms of his Royal Highness would then be: Ist and 4th grand quarters, the Royal Arms of England, Scotland, and Ireland quarterly differenced by the plain label of three jx>int= argent as heir-apparent to the English throne; 2nd grand quarter, the arms of Llewellyn (quarterly or and gules, four lions passaftt guardant counter-changed), assigned to his Royal Highness to be borne for his title of Prince of Wales; 3rd grand quarter, the arms of the Duchy of Cornwall, and over all, upon an inescutcheon, his personal arms of Saxony. Supporters, dexter, his differenced lion of England; sinister, the red dragon of Henry VII. or of Cadwallader, if the latter gentleman had any nee for such an animal. His Royal Highness has his one crest of Eng- land already. There is no reason why he should not have another for Wales as well (the King has three), and here, again, the red dragon might find another home. "Ieh dieu" will lie his motto and the plume* his principal badge. But his Royal Highness some time ago adopted as a badge the White Rose of York. Heraldic horticulture knows not the ordinary limitations of the science. It has already pro- duced the hybrid rose of York and Lancaster, the hybrid rose and thistle, and our present conjoined rc-cie, 'thistle, and shamrock. Per- haps his Royal Highness may be disposed to again me the surgical gardening instruments to add to his white ro-e of York the root and leave3 of the leek of Wales. An unsavoury combination, perhaps; but as a rase by any other name is just as sweet, so, perhaps, the doctored and henceforth somewhat, odoriferous rose of York may pass without objection from Canada. Australia.- or India. oW ho would be well advised to protest aitimt the unwar ranted gift of precedence above themselves for which Wales is asking. If the petition bo brought within the bounds of practical politics by its modification to the above dimensions, the committee would re- ceive the support, not only of Welshmen, but of nearly every antiquary and herald. official or amateur. They would meet with no opposi- tion unices the personal views of his Royal Highness happen to meet the suggestion with disfavour. But if the petition for a place upon the shield of Empire be persisted in against precedent, against heraldic opinion, and against all political reason, it becomes the duty of every Colonist to protest against the unwarranted precedence which is claimed for Wales; it becomes the duty of every patriotic Unionist to protest against this, the first poli- tical stpp in the Welsh separatist propaganda; I and it certainly becomes the duty of every- one who knows anything at all about Armory to prevent Waie-s a.nd the Royal Arms alike from becoming the laughing-stock of Europe. It is the plain duty of every Conservative to protest against a "sham antique and mean- protest against a "sham antique" and mean- ingless twentieth century grant being foisted upon the Royal Arms and associated with the ancient and historic shields we know. Luckily, we have- the good taste and the his- torical knowledge of his Majesty to rely upon to save us from tueli an abortion in the exer- cise of his prerogatives; but lesi, the well- known good-nature of the King should be im- posed unon by the noisy clamour of the W el;h Nationalist and Radical party, we must look to ^ou, flir to open your columns to the pro- tests of t.he other side, that his Majesty may know that. the suggestion is unwelcome to a greater number than its advocates can mus- ter. Will you. sir, organise a petition whicii the English, the Scottish, the Irish, and the Colonists may sign.

CHURCH SCHOOLS IN THE LLANDAFF DIOCESE. DISCUSSION BY THE DIOCESAN ASSOCIATION. A meeting of the Llandaff Diocesan Church Schools Association was held at the Cardiff Town-hall on Friday afternoon. Canon Thomp- son. D D., presided, in the absence of the Lord Bishop of Llandaff. At an early stage in the proceedings refe- rence was made to the closing of Llanwonno, Maindy (Llandaff Parish>. Hudry. and St. Woolos' (Newport) Church Schools, and the Rev. Chairman remarked that it grieved him to find that the schools within the precincts of the cathedral and a school at Newport and in the district of the archdeacon had been given up. Why did they exist as .an adminis- trative body, he asked, if the schools were being given up. and what was the use of giving apart of their much-needed offertories to help the schools if they were done away with? They did not speak out half loudly enough about tlieze thing?. A resolution was passed by which the meet- ing expressed their regret that the above- named schools had been closed. The Rev. A. J. H. Russell, the diocesan in- spector, submitted his annual report, which showed that there are 152 day school". with 205 departments, in the diocese open to his inspection. There were five institutions which had not as yet availed themselves of his services. The remainder of the report was devoted to the standard of religious work performed at the schools, and special reference was made by the inspector to the position held by the Blaenavon pupil teachers in the recent religious examinations.—Canon Thompson moved the adoption of the report, and congratulated the Blaenavon teachers upon the distinguished position they held. Hitherto the teachers at tho Cardiff Church sehoola had figured prominently in the exami- nations, ami the reason why they were not fonnrl to occupy a foremost place in the list this year was because they (the managers) had no pupil teachers. They could not afford to keep them with their present miserable finances. That was another reason why the managers should strain every effort to keep alive the hope that they would by-snd-bye be In a position to train pupil teachers. If they. as managers, he concluded, could not claim the services of pupil tcachers, then the out- look for their schools was bad indeed.—The Rev. F. H. Williams (Dinas Powis) seconded the mot on. and the report was thereupon adopted. Mr. H. J. Thatcher here urged the necessity of taking some action in obtaining relief for the Church schools. Recently, at a conference of Church school managers, the following resolutions were passed, and he suggested that they should be adopted by that meeting: — "(1) That the time has come for the estab- lishment of educational anthorit,e-3 which should have control over elementary, secondary, and technical schools in wide local areas. "(2) That an equable rate, say 6d. in the £ for elementary education be levied over the whole country. "(3) That the surplus-of expenditure in the various elementary sohoois be provided out of the Imperial Exchequer. "(4) That the local educaLonal authority should be represented on the managing bodies of the Voluntary schools. it being always pro- vided that the existing; managers shon!d have a preponderating voice." Mr. Thatcher said that this was an opportune moment to arouse public opinion on the sub- ject. They had also heard that this was a proper time to move in this direction, as Par- liament was likely to deal with the que3tion very soon. With the assistance of the leaders of the Roman Catholics, who were with them on this subject, they had reason to believe that the Government would render the Church schools cf the country further assistance if approached. At present they had to endure approached. At present they had to endure hardships and suffer disabilities for want of funds to keep going institutions wherein their children could receive a religious training. The Dissenters had their board schools to educate their children as they thought proper. and they. as Church people, oaght likewise to get maintained schools for the religious edu- cation of Church children. Canon Harding suggested that a special meeting should be convened for the con- sideration of the question, and. on the motion of Mr.Tharchar.it was decided to ask the Bishop of Llrndnff to call a special meet- ing fortbapurptsenampd. Canon Harding, the Rev. A. Henderson, and Mr. Thatcher referred to Canon Thompson's ,ipT, appointment as preacher of Gray's Inn. and expressed regret that the canon 'had decided to leave Cardiff. Canon Thompson, in reply, said that his successor would not find the appointment a bed of roses. His (the speaker's) time in Car- diff had not altogether been a harry one. as a great many things had prevented that being thecKM. He had given himself hodvard eoul to the work of the Church in Cardiff, and he was glad to think that he was able to leave the place wholly free from debt. His suc- cessor would, therefore, be able to do better work than he hod been able to do. There was. however, much to be done, and the in- tolerable burden and anxiety of maintaining the welfare of the schools must continue until some financial relief was forthcoming. He trusted that, Cardiff churches would keep the educational flag afloat, for nothing would grieve bim more than to see their schools handed over-to the school board.

LATE VICAR OF LLANTWIT MAJOR, CLOSING CHAPTER OF A LONG LIFE. After 55 years of unbroken service in the same parish, the Rev. E. W. Vaughan was buried in the village churchyard at Llantwit Major. As already stated, Mr. Vaughan was the oldest clergyman in the Diocese of Llandaff. Born in 1810, he saw the accession of four Sovereigns, and was present as a chorister from Merchant Taylors' School at the coronation of George IV. He was the only surviving clergyman who took part in the corona- tion of Queen Victoria. During his incumbency at Llantwit Major he buried over a thousand people, a number qual to the entire population of the village At Friday's function the mourners present were:-The Rev E. T. Vaughan (son), viear o bampforti Arundel, Somerset: Mr. and Mrs-. C. D. C. VauD;han (S0U r,Vl{] daughter-in-iaw\ Colonel and Mrs. Rowan (daughter and son-in-lawi. the Rev. Her- bert YY Vaughan (grandson), curate of All nanus .Lower Clapton, London, and Mr. Jiubert H. Vaughan (grandson). Among the clergy who took part were the Lord Bishop of Llandatf, Archdeacon Edmondes, the Rev. Canon Williams (Chepstow), the ixevs. ivlorris (Fleraingstone), E. Jenkins (Llannnangel). Ree3 Williams (St. Donats), and P. W. Jones (Marcrosb)^ and there were also present in the large assemblage at the church and graveside Messrs. Tudor Crawshay. lUtvd Nichol. D. Nichol, I- 1 i,- Mis? Nichol, Mr. and Mrs. Carne, Dr. and Mrs. Spreat, tha Rev. Owen Davies (Bap- tist), the Rev. Marchant Lewis (Calvinistic Methodist). Mr. J. C. Thomas (Boverton Court), and Mr. Hugh Watts. Beautiful wreaths were sent by Mr. and Mrs. Dishy Nichol, Miss Gwladys L. Morgan, the members of the Llantwit Major Church choir. Mrs. Nieholl and Miss Nicholi, Mr G. n. T. Nichol. Mr Richard Price and three grandchildren. The inscription o:i the coffin was "Edwnrd William Vaughau, Bern June 10, 1810; died March 3, Him," The officiating clergy were the Rev. T. E. Evans, Archdeacon Edmondes, and the Bishop of Llandaff. Great as his ago was, the deceased clergyman i.s survived by his ivife, one daughter, and five sons, two of whom are in Australia.

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