The Cambrian

SCIENTIFIC NOTICES. Spirits from Dough.-The patentee for ovens constructed on the principle of condensing the vapour which arises from the dough of bread, and thereby obtaining a gallon of spirit from every sack of flower used, has nearly completed one of such ovens at Grantham, and we understand it will be in operation in about three weeks. Besides the advantage from the saving of an ardent spirit, the bread is pronounced to be much more whole- some then when baked in the common way. The flavour of the spirit is that of gin; and when the liquor is purified with charcoal, it is not distinguishable from the best Schiedam Hollands The expense of fitting up the oven for work amounts to about 7001.- Lincoln Mercury. Electro-Magnet.—The largest electro-magnet is that con- structed by the American philosophers. It is of a horseshoe form. and weighs about 60 pounds around it are 26 coils of wire, the united lengths of which are 800 feet. When excited by about five feet of galvanic surface, it is said to have supported nearly two tons. We here see that the exciting cause of magnetism is the aotion of the galvanic battery and a variety of other interesting experiments in electro-magnetics tend to the conclusion that the magnetic and electrc fluids are nearly allied. Chronometers.—In no branch of human ingenuity-com- bining accuracy of science with incredible perfection in the mechanism of art, and both directed to a most important object as regards the preservation of that mighty mass of property and freight of life which navigate the face of the waters—can the mind take a deeper interest than in the improvement of the chro- nometer. The following letter will evidence the astonishing per- formance of a chronometer made by French, of the Royal Exchange His Majesty's sloop Beagle, now on survey at Rio Janeiro, April 10, 1832:—One of the chronometers (French, maker), of eight days, has behaved in a wonderful manner, Its daily rate has never exceeded eight-tenths of a second; and its Measurement of each stage, and indeed of the whole distance, is the same as the mean of tweiity chronometers." So very close an approximation to absolute truth has hardly ever before been made. It identifies the mostiuinuteconceivabledivisionsof time When blr. French's chronometers gained the three prizes at the Royal Observatory in 1826, one is particularised which only varied 63-hundredths of a second in its mean daily rate during seventeen months' trial!

OLE A N I N G S. Famine in London.—In the year 1077 greatcalamitieshap- pened in several of the principal cities of England, as burning fevers, murrains upon cattle, abundance of rain, and water-floods insomuch that the hills seemed to be softened to the verv foun- dation, and with theirfall overivhehnedmany villages there was likewise such a dearth in London and England, that men eat horses, cats, dogs, and man's flesh— New Jliitory of London. Wages.—In 1352 (25th Edward III.) the wages paid to hay-makers was Id. a-day a mower of meadows 3d. a-dav, or 5d. an acre reapers of corn in the first week of August 2d., in tie second, iid. per day, and so on till the end of August, without meat, drink, or other allowance, finding their own tools. For threshing a quarter of wheat or rye a quarter of barley, beans, pease, and oats, l.^d. A master carpenter 3d. per day, other carpenters 2d. A master mason 4d. per day, other masons 3d., and their servants Ii per day. Tilers 3d. and their knaves" Thatchers 3d. a-day, and their, knaves I1d. Plasterers, and other workers of mud walls, and their knaves, in like manner, without meat or drink, and this from Easter to Michaelmas; and from that time less, according to the direction of the Justices. Ancient English Custom.-A singular custom prevailed the Celtic Franks, and perhaps, says the Edinburgh Re- view, in England, by which any one might divest himself of the liabilities to which, under the Celtic system of mutual responsi- bility, the kindred of a criminal were subject, being rendered accountable for the composition due from him it they omitted to prodnce him in order to stand his trial. Entering the Mallus (a particular Court) in the presence of the Centenarius (hundred man), he broke five elm wands over his head, and, CRSting the fragments around, declared that he renounced all share in the' inheritance, and of course all responsibility for the offences of his kindred. Slavery in England.—The slave trade prevailed at an early period in this island. Gitlia, kinswoman to Canute (it is not well known whether daughter, niece, or sister-in-law), stands on record as having a vast fortune by dealing in siaves. Bristol was the most famous part for that commodity.w ulfstanlJot long after made the people somewhat ashamed of their proceedings He was Bishop of Norwich. Yet, even in King John's time, the Irish bought many slaves from Bristol. To add to the brutality of this proceeding, the sellers always took care that their females should be in a condition which might enable them to demand a higher price from the purchaser. The English had adopted this species of commerce from their German ancestors, and were kept in countenance by the practice of the French and other nations. Extraordinary Power of the Human Eur.—The atmosphere is the grand medium by which sound is conveyed, though recent discoveries prove that other bodies conduct it with greater expe- dition, a% in the instance of vibrating the tuning fork, to the stem of which is attached a pack-thread, and the other end being wrapt round the little finger and placed in the chamber of the ear, the sound will be audibly conveyed to the distance of two hundred yards, though not perceptible to any bystander. Miners, in ooring for coal, can tell by the sound what substanee tjiey are penetrating; and a recent discovery is that of applying a listening tube to the breast to detect the motions of the heart. The quick- ness which some persons possess in distinguishing the smaller sounds is very remarkable. A friend of the writer has declared that he could readily perceive the motion of a flea when on his night-cap, by the sound emitted by the machinery of his leaping powers. However extraordinary this may appear, we find a similar statement is given in the ingenious work upon insects by Kirby and Spence, who say, "I know of no other insect, the tread of which is accompanied b y sountj, except indeed the flea, whose steps a lady assured me she always hears when it passes over her night-cap, and that it clacks as if it were walking in pattens!" If we can suppose the ear to be alive to such delicate vibrations, certainly there is nothing in the way of sound too difficult for it to achieve.—Medical Journal. Existence of God — There is a God! The herbs of the valley, the cedars of the mountain, bless him-the insect sports in his beams—the eleptiant salutes him with the rising orb of day—the bird sings hun in the foliage—the thunder proclaims him in the heavens—the ocean declares his immensity—man alone has said, "There is no God Unite in thought, at the same instant, the most beautiful objects in nature suppose that you see at once all the hours of the day, and all the seasons of the year; a morning of spring and a morning of autumn a night bespangled with sta."5, and a night covered with clouds; mea- dows enamelled with flowers, forests hoary with snow fields gilded by the tints of autumn; then alone you will have a just conception of the universe. While you are gazing on that sun which is plunging under the vault of the west, another observer admires him emerging from the gilded gates of the east. By what inconceivable magic does that aged star, which is sinking fatigued and burning in the shades of the evening, re-appear at the same instant fresh and humid with the rosy dew of.themorn- ing ? At every instant of the day the glorious orb is at once rising-resplendent at noon-day, and setting in the west; or rather our senses deceive us, and there is, properly speaking, no east, or south, or west, in the world. Everything reduces itself to one single point, from whence the King of Day sends forth at once a triple light in one single substance. The bright splendour is perhaps that which nature can present that is most beautiful; for while it gives us an idea of the perpetual magnificence and resistless power of God, it exhibits, at the same time, a ahinino- I image of the glorious Trinit'y .-Ch,lIeuubriaIH1. ° i

EQUITABLE ADJUSTMENT. [From "THU EXAMINER."] The idea of Equitable Adjustment" is, probably, as of high antiquity as robbery, and in the felonious mind of all climes and ages, has been "often thought though ne'er so well ex- pressed." The man in need, who supplied his wants by seizing on his neighbour's stores, doubtless regarded the action as an Equitable Adjustment," and plumed himself on redressing the wrongs of fortune. The first rude intent of an "Equitable Adjustment" may, indeed, be traced in the history of Cain, who seeing that his ollering was less aeceptahJe than Abel's, thought to relieve himself of the inequitable depression by slaying his brother. The needy soon began to contrast the abundance of others with their privations, and to perceive an equity giving them a decree, according to the power of their arms, or the nim- bleness of their fingers, to share with the provident and the thrifty. Each of these men sat as Chancellor in his own Court of Equity, and adjusted to the uttermost of his opportunities and capacity. There is, in the mind of man, so natural and strong a disposition to Equitable Adjustment, that it may seem wonderful how law could ever prevail against it; but Equitable adjustment was, at all times, and in all circumstances, attended with this great in- convenience, that there was no limiting its operation, or security against its recurrence, oftener than was desirable. The adjuster of one day might be adjusted the next, and the equity lie had exercised upon one, might be exercised upon him by another, more needy and more potent. Hence, from no higher motive than con- venience, law seems to have been generally preferred, and the institution of property secured. From the period when, all things considered, men thought it, on the whole, better not to be thieves, the names of purposes, actions, and actors, have been bestowed by the greater number, who have stickled for the dis- tinction between nieum and teum; hence, the ancient practice of Equitable Adjustment, has passed under the various descriptions of highway robbery, housebreaking, felony, larceny, or the yet larger terms of rapine, spoliation, &c. At no time, indeed, have the adjusters ceased to exist, and to cherish in their minds the principle of equity, as consecrating their method of settling the differences of fortune, or the fluctuations of property and it is remarkable, that their administration of equity has been as sum- mary as that of the Court for the same object, having so many other points and practicesin common with them, has been dilatory yet, the identical motive which induces the speed of the one, explains the delay of the other, and we find the closest allinity between the working of the High Court of Chancery, and the works of the unlicensed apostles of equity on the highway. Thus much we have said, to shew, that the name of Equitable Adjustment" is not so inappropriate to the design of those who have advocated it, as may at first appear, and that it is the proper clothing of the sentiment of those, who yet hold to the "Good old rule, the simple plan, That they should take, who have the power, And they should keep, who can." To consider this subject fully, we are aware that we ought to look at robbery in all its modes and bearings, and to trace the principle of adjustment, not only in the doings of the highway- man and the house-breaker, but in the statesman, and the pa- tronage of the sinecure, and pension. Lord Plunkett, when he declared that he had placed his seven sons in places natural" to them, showed himself a thorough Equitable Adjuster. Every- where, in lonesome road, thronged street, place of power, or political assembly, the Equitable Adjuster looks solely to him- self, his own relief, his own convenience. The man who supplies his wants by seizing the property ot the traveller, comforts his conscience with the thought that he is taking from superfluity to minister to need but he does not care to inquire how this course of adjustment may afleet his prey and whether it may not reduce him to the necessitous state he has been compelled to relieve. Thus our Equitable Adjusters, when the bargain is against them, clamour for an alteration of the terms but they never consider the effect which the alteration may have on the present fund- holder, or advert to the long stage of the contract in which the bar- gain was unfavourable to the creditor. They would play the toss up with the creditor on the terms" heads I win, tails you loose. When the bargain is bad you abide by it, when it is good for you, I adjust." Admitting that Peel's Act gave an advantage to the fundholder, is it yet not to be considered that, anterior to the covenanted return to cash payments, he had been paid for more than twenty years in a depreciated money and are not the losses during that period to be ascertained,-and balanced against the gain in the last twelve jears, before an exorbitant profit on his part can be made the ground for demanding a disturbance of the contract? When the creditor suffered, he never complained; when his dividends, paid in a depreciated paper, were becoming less and less equal to the supply of his wants, we heard nothing of Equitable Adjustment, and the injustice of borrowing at one rate and paying at another. He made his bargain for better for worse, for richer for poorer," and abided by it patiently and without murmur when it was against him. The adjusters who, with the word of command, as you were," are for returning us to the state prior to Peel's Act, talk as if the fundhotders, who would suffer by the change, were identically the same persons as those who have benefitted by cash payments, and put the thing proposed on the footing of restitution. The fallacy of this should be obvious. Many of the landholders of the present time have purchased stock with the enhanced currency, and theequity which would take from them by depreciation, is manifestly of that sort which, speaking its decrees through the mouth-piece of a pistol, takes from the traveller on the high road, simply and solely be- cause the robber wants what his prey possesses. But, as we before observed, the inconvenience which originally made Equitable Adjustment," or the plundering of Peter to relieve Paul, cede to law,—that is, the impossibility of limiting its operation, or preventing a perpetual recurrence disturbing the possessions of the adjusters themselves, would yet attach to any project that a Master of the Brummagem" Mint could possibly devise. If we return to the state of things before 1819, on the same principle on which that return is had (of paying in money of the same value as the borrowed), the fuudholders who have bought their stock since Peel's Act, become, in turn, advocates for an adjustment which may give the value of their investments, and so also will all men who have lost money, or become creditors to any considerable amount, within the last twelve years! Further, it is quite clear that, on the same principle on which the public creditor's contract is disturbed, all other contracts must bedisturbed,— theengagementsof the mortager and the mortgagee, the landlord and tenant, the buyer and seller, would all be un- settled and subjected to adjustment. This done, Heaven knows when and how (though Mr. Cobbett suggests the means, seeing, as he clearly does, that the principle once put in action, allows of no limitation to the bargains of the State, and must be carried through all its applications to private transactions) the same thing would remain to be done again, whenever any fluctuation should occur in the value of money, and it would be clamoured for, whenever debtors found it difficult to pay. Thus, credit would be altogether annihilated. Equitable Adjustment," which is advocated, in contempt of faith, for convenience only such convenience as dictates the robber's settlement of the dif- ferences of fortune with the traveller on the hig-hway- would, in fact, be attended with inconveniences, difficulties, and embar- rassments insuperable but these evils would be insignificant, when compared with the destruction of security, which is the essence of a civilized state. Peel's Act has had its evils, but the evils have gone through the worst part of their course, and there is less mischief in abiding them, than in seeking their cure by a return to the diseased state in which our injudicious treatment commenced, unless, indeed, we take as our model, the man of Thessaly, famed for wondrous wisdom, in nursery rhymes, who having scratched his eyes out by jumping into one hedge, jumped into another to scratch them in again. Were more to be said in favour of Equitable Adjustment than has ever yet been uttered, or is conceivable, we should hold that the time has not yet arrived for the consideration of it—nay, that barely to consider of it now were a dishonesty, — for the conduct of a nation in difficulties should be the conduct of an honest man in difficulties and does such a one think of compounding with his creditors before he has retrenched his unnecessary expenses, and dispensed with all articles of show and tuxury ? Before we hear of Equitable Adjustment" we must cease to hear of millions for the support of Royalty, a profligate Pension Lis:, an useless Diplomatic Service, a numerous Standing Army waiting on the most pacific policy, and a wealthy Church plunging one-third of the kingdom into strife. Before any plan for breaking faith with the public creditor can be looked at, we must see t?ie Church property placed to the public account, and the Clergy moderately paid according to their services, and only where there is a demand for them; Pensioners dismissed, Sinecurists deprived, Troops disbanded, Military Institutions broken up, the Salaries of all the superior public functionaries reduced, the property of the Crown, the Duchies, &c. sold, and the state of the Monarchy ac- commodated to the distressed circumstances of the nation. The honour of the Crown must show itself in the severest economy before one stiver is withheld of the covenanted dues of the public creditor, who has trusted his means of support to the state in re- liance on the public faith. Nor shall this be all. Before we take what we have no right to take, an inquisition must be had to ascertain what we may with justice claim in the way of resti- tution, and the harpies who have fattened on the public plunder will be called to account, and compelled to disgorge. If pos- session is to be disturbed—if any necessity sufficiently strong for the disturbance of possession, not disputable according to the existing law, presses upon us, the possessions which have ac- crued from public pillage are the first and fittest subjects for seizure, and we have all a pretty good guess where they lie, and where the scrutiny should commence. A view of the public ac- counts would enable us to trace to favoured individuals sums to a vast amount, for which no service had been rendered, or could be pretended. Much hardship would fall on innocent descendants, it may be said, from such a process of restitution, and it were better to content ourselves with securities against future malver- sation, than to scrutinize and revoke the rewards of the State for years past. This doubtless is true, bat the evil of such a course of proceeding would be preferable to the greater mischief and dis- honesty of plundering the fundholder, before which extremity is proposed, resort must be had to all other expedients for the pub- lic relief, having in them any show or savour of justice. Try all things, we say, before a notorious and unquestionable wrong. And while waste, luxury, and a viscious bountv, are to be seen in the state, hold the man in suspicion who, by preaching the spoil of the fundholder for the relief of the public burdens, would di- vert the minds of the people from the proper objects of retrench- ment—namely, the profligate extravagance of our establishments, the foolish gauds of the throne—to a measure of the most heinous dishonesty. While a shilling can be fairly retrenched, let us not think of knavishly denying a shilling where it is strictly due: when we have done all we can do for a rigid economy, such as should be practised, with the bankruptcy staring us in the face, which is the only plea for Equitable Adjustment, then it will be time to obey necessity should it dictate composition but firmly are we persuaded, that by the employment of all the means of saving and obtaining money, which should precede the extremity in question, it would be averted, and the national resources and energies made available to support the HONESTY OF THE NA- TION.

JACKSON'S BRIGADE.-The Nile's Weekly Register, published in Baltimore, says there are 150 editors of news- papers, &c. holding office under General Jackson in the United States. [What a Paradise the States must he!] BANK. OR EN'GI.AXD.—The following "js An Ac- count of the Profits or the Bank of England, in the year ending the 29th of February, 1832, stating the description of the securities held by the Bank, and the sources from which the said profits have accrued— Interest on Commercial Bills £ 130,695 Interest on Exchequer Bills 204,109 Annuity for 45 years (the dead weight account).. 451,415 Interest on capital received from Government 440,502 Allowance received for management of the public debt. 251,896 Interest on loans and mortgages 00,084 Interest on .Stock in the Public Funds 15^079 Interest on Private Loans 56,941 Profit on Bullion, Commission, Rent, Receipts on Discounted Bills tJnpaid, Management of the bu- siness of the Banks of Ireland, of Scotland, and Royal Bank of Scotland, and sundry items 71,859 £ 1,689,176 The following is An Account of the Average Loss per annum incurred by the Bank from Forgeries iu the. Public Funds in the last ten years, and the actual loss in each vear: In 1822 £ 12,070 j In 1827 £ 1,612 1823. Nil. 1828. 1,110 1824 360,214 1829 700 1825 97-2 1830. 11,369 1820 10,990 [ 1831. 1,891 10) 402,040 Average loss per annum 40,204 Bank Stock being shut, the Directors have issued their usual notice that they will advance money on Stock, Bills of Exchange, Exchequer Bills, India Bonds, and other ap- proved securities, in sums not less than 20001. each, to be repaid on or before the 15th of October with interest at three per cent. The advances hitherto made have borne 4 per cent. interest. This is an anticipation by a few days of the regular period of issuing these notices, and it differs from the last, which took place in June last, in fixing the rate of interest at three, instead of four, per cent. This has been taken in the city as an indication of the correctness of what has been frequently stated of late, that the Bank Di- rectors propose to increase their discount business, and that instead of transacting it at one uniform rate, they will ad- just it in all instances to the value of money in the open market. The Directors have also issued a notice, that they have made an agreement with the Lords of the Treasury to circulate Exchequer Bills to the 5th of April next.

THE RUSSIA TRADE. — By Sir Edward Bankes steam boat, which arrived on Friday from Rotterdam, mer- cantile advices were received from the Russian capital down to the 22d ultimo, which give a detail of the progress of the el commercial transactions with Great Britain in the principal articles ef Russian produce, up to nearly the end of August. The shipments of tallow since the season opened had amounted to 92,000 casks, and it was estimated that there remained on hand 60,000 casks. The accounts received from the interior of Russia stated, that the cattle had a most promising appearance, and from the operations which had already been entered into by the dealers, it was esti- mated that next year's supply of tallow will be very large. Since the last post there had been purchased about 3,500 casks, at prices from 115 to 116 roubles per pood. The ex- ports of tallow up to the middle of last month considerably exceeded those made in the last two previous years up to the same period. In hemp and flax a great increase of bu- siness has already taken place this year, the reduction of the import duty in this country by Government having caused large purchases. In flax some extensive transactions had been entered into for Scotland, and the demand remained brisk. The purchases of hemp up to the middle of last month was estimated at 1,400,000 poods, and of flax 240,000 poods, leaving about 240,000 poods of the latter article for sale. The Bruck would close shortly. The purchases of codilla and tow had amounted to about 270,000 poods. A large increase had taken place in the shipments up to the middle of August last, 1,150,000 poods of hemp, and 145,000 poods of flax, had been put on board, while up to the same period of last year the exports were not much above 1,000,000 poods of hemp, and 46,000 poods of flax. Ordinary clean hemp was at 70 roubles, 73 and 75 for better samples, and 64 to 55 roubles per pood for outshot. Flax was at 95 to 105 roubles per pood for six and nine head, and from 130 to 135 roubles per pood for twelve head. In lin- seed very large purchases had been made, exceeding 84,000 chetworths,and it was estimated that 40,000 more remained for sale. Of potashes the purchases had amounted to 12,000 casks, leaving 6,000 unsold. The shipment of deals to England had amounted to nearly a million standard of bristles, to 17,400 poods; of yarn, 10,000 poods; of iron, 270,000 poods; and of raw hides 45,000. The imports of coffee had been about 46,000 poods, and of sugar nearly 1,000,000 poods. The stock of Havannah coffee was about 50,000 boxes. The imports into St. Petersburgh of cotton twist, sugar, tin, dying woods, rice, &c. &c., had been much above those of last year, up to the same period.

DISSOLUTION OF THE LIVERPOOL REFORM UNION1.— At the meeting of the Union, on Wednesday last, a report from the committee recommending the dissolution of the association (the object for which it was formed having been happily accomplished) was submitted and approved of. It was then moved that the Parliamentary Reform Union be now dissolved," which was carried unanimously, and the meeting separated. TRADE.—Extracts from the evidence taken before the Bank Charter Committee continue to be given in the daily papers, and increased interest is excited by the dis- closures and opinions the inquiry has elicited. The evidence of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Bank, Mr. Rothschild, Messrs. Norman and Wood, Directors, and of Sir R. C. and Mr. Glyn, is among the most important.— In reply to the following query by the Committee, You think the best principle the Bank can adopt is to issue largely, and make the currency abundant?" Mr. Rothschild says, Yes; if this country has money in abundance, it will have all the trade from the whole world; but if you make money very scarce, the trade will go to other countries." PROVISIONS. —The public are aware that a clause was introduced into that notable specimen of inconsistency called the Drug Bill, which enabled the curers of foreign provisions to supply our shipping duty free, or in reality upon the same terms as our home trade. Upon the repre- sentation of our merchants engaged in the Irish and North country provision trade, an Order in Council has very pro- perly been issued, which prohibits foreign competition and as our maxim is, that we should first virtually be enabled to compete with Foreign States, before a system of free trade is adopted, we are glad that the representation has been listenetl to. We should suppose that it must strike any one endowed with common sense that it is highly impolitic to permit a Foreign State to supply us with that which we can readily do ourselves; the evil does not end with a mere neglect of our own capability of exportation, but it extends itself to all the ramifications of the agricultural and landed interests of the United Kingdom. THE NA Vy.-Thesurvcy of the ships of war in the Medway is still in progress, and, if we are correctly inform- ed, some of the Iine-of-battle ships are much in want of re- pair. The Howe (which has been launched 16 years) has many defective parts about her. The Monarch, a beautiful 84 gun ship, now on the stocks in this dock-yard, has been completed, with the exception of calking and painting, for three years past. Orders have lately been received from the Admiralty Board to finish and launch her as soon as pos- j sible. The Phocion steam-vessel is also again being pro- ceeded with. She is built in a dock, there being no slip va- cant at the time of laying her down. She is, without excep- tion, the most beautiful vessel of the kind ever seen at this yard she is 159 feet on the keel, and about 198 feet over all. The Courageux, of 74 guns, built in 1804, is now in dock, in order to be taken to pieces. She has been a laza- retto at Standgate Creek for some years, and is replaced by the Ramilies. A singular circumstance is related of this ship. On her settling on the blocks in the dock, she altered the line of her form at least two feet; to use a sea phrase, she has hogged two feet. She is one of the last ships con.. structed on the old system of wood knees and riders. Ships built on the modern system introduced by Sir R. Seppings present a contrast to the Courageux, as we are assured in many cases of docking vessels of this description not the siightest alteration of form has been perceptible.—Chatham Paper, MUHDKK ON THE THAMES.—-At the Old Bailey, on Friday last, W. Kennedy and W. Brown were indicted for the murder of W. Wilkinson on the River Thames in the evening of the 17th of July. We gave the particulars when the parties were taken, and they were fully corroborated in Court. A witness named Kitley said Kennedy had admitted to him that he and Brown were guilty, and that the three other persons taken into custody were innocent. Several respectable persons gave the prisoners a good cha- racter for humanity; and after a trial of nearly eight hours, procrastinated by the examination of the several witnesses, the Jury found them both guilty. Sentence of Death was immediately passed upon them; but the Jury signed and forwarded on their behalf a memorial to the Secretary of State, praying that the sentence should not be carried into effect, and that the Royal clemency might be extended to the convicts. The jury founded their recommendation to mercy, on the ground that the convicts never contemplated murder, and that had not the law precluded any other verdict, they would not have been found guilty of the capital felony—the murder. And on Saturday evening a respite arrived at Newgate for the two prisoners (who were ordered for execution on Monday) until Wednesday the. 12th inst. PUBLIC HEALTH IN LONDON.Hather a remarkable variation has occurred in the mortality of the metropolis during the past fortnight; and it seems to have been connected, or at all events was simultaneous, with a sudden and consi- derable change in the atmospheric pressure. On Tuesday the 28th ult. the barometer had fallen to 29.18, being lower than at any time since February; and the period of seven days gave an increase in the number of deaths within the bills of mortality, as compared to the preceding week, of 477. Since the 28th the barometer has been gradually recovering its former elevation, and on Tuesday last reached 30.21;—the bills of mortality up to which day give a decrease in the number of deaths of not less than 497. We are happy in being able te add, that among these the diminution in cholera is from 247 to 157. This cannot, it is true, be regarded as the total number of deaths by cholera, but we are enabled to state, that taking the whole metropolis, the disease has undergone no increase during the week just concluded.—London Medical Gazette. IMPORTANT TO ATTORNIES, &C.—Thursday morn- ing the Grand Jury brought into court two bills for murder, which they ignored,—namely, against Elizabeth Jobling and Jane Hawksley. Lord Morpeth proceeded to the Bench, Jane Hawksley. Lord Morpeth proceeded to the Bench, and conferred for a few moments with Mr. Baron Bolland, after which the learned Baron stated, that in the cases above mentioned, the prisoners had only been convicted for concealing the birth, and, as costs were not allowed in pro- secutions of this nature, he feared it was too common to prefer bills for the capital offence for the sake of obtaining the allowance of costs. It was a practice which ought to be discontinued; and as he understood that in the present instance there was no evidence to support the capital charge, he should take care that the costs be not allowed. It was extremely improper that crimes should be enlarged for such purposes, and especially that a person committed for con- cealment of birth should be indicted capitally, as it could not fail to be extremely harassing to a mind already suffi- ciently harassed by the minor charge, even though the Grand Jury should eventually throw out the bill. His Lordship said, he trusted that this public notice of the practice would correct the evil.-Lancas.ter Journal. DISTURBANCES AT MANCHESTER.—A serious dis- turbance occurred at Manchester on Sunday week, in conse- quence of a boy, who died in the Cholera Hospital, being suddenly buried. It appeared that the boy was so much better on Friday that his grandfather was about to request his discharge, but waited till the following morning, when he again went to see him, and was refused admittance On a subsequent application he was told the boy was dead and buried; and under suspicion of foul play, the relatives of the deceased disinterred the body, and on opening the coffin they found that the head had been severed from the body. In consequence of this discovery, they paraded the headless trunk through the streets calling for vengeance, and having collected a mob they proceeded to make a furious attack upon the hospital, breaking the windows, and destroying the beds, tables, and every description of moveable furniture, and would have razed the building to the ground but for the interposition of the military. An investigation into the whole of the circumstance took place, in which it was proved that a Mr. R. Oldham, a young surgeon, had bribed the nurse to allow him to decapitate the body for anatomical purposes; and that the Directors and Officers of the Hospital were totally ignorant of the mutilation—indeed the result of the inquiry fully exculpated them, and the explanation gave general satisfaction, and put an end to the popular irritation. An application was made to the Magistrates for a warrant to apprehend Mr. Oldham, which was immediately granted, but that gentleman had made a sudden exit from the town. AMUSING INCIDENT.—In the course of an action tried between Mr. Justice Parke, at the late Assizes, the question turned upon a point of law. Mr. Wightman ap- peared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Pollock for the defendant. When the point was submitted to his Lordship, Mr. Pollock, instead of addressing the bench in a speech of his own, said he held in his hand a paper which would have more weight than any thing he could offer, and begun "An eminent lawyer is of opinion," and so on, and then, to the amusement of all present, exhibited it with the name of Mr. Wightman at the foot, who was then advocating the other side of the question. Mr. Wightman said that was very bad law, and, whatever opinion he might have entertained on the point, he was then of entirely different opinion but the Learned Judge, and Mr. Pollock, agreed with the opinion formerly expressed by Mr. Wightman, and which most likely was el correct. TEMPERANCE AFLOAT.-A temperance vessel is now lying in the harbour of Greenock, the Dalmatia of Boston, U. S. The Captain stated tp-s £ «*&-gentlemen who waited on him to make some enquiries respecting the spread I of temperance principles among the seamen of America, that, for the last three years, no spiritous liquors had been used on board, and that from his own experience, he was fully persuaded they were quite unnecessary either for him- self or his men. He had never, since the time he was in command of a vessel, a period of twelve years, had a crew better behaved, or better able to discharge the duties in- cumbent upon them. In stormy weather it was his custom to deal out hot eotfee to the men in place of ardent spirits; and he had found it to answer all the purposes of the former beverage, without any of its disadvantages. As a farther proof of the progress of such principles he mentioned that in building the Dalmatia, 60 persons had been employed, and he was not aware of one glass of spirits having been con- sumed on the occasion.—The mate, a relative of one of the owners of the Dalmatia, stated that the same company had 25 vessels all sailing on temperance principles; and that no difficulty was ever found in obtaining men to engage on the express understanding of there being no spirituous liquors provided on board. KILKENNY COAL AND THE CHOLERA.—But a still more efficacious specific was found in Kilkenny. I learned, in passing through, that no case of cholera had occurred ia that populous town, while all those around were infected, and a cordon of distemper was drawn, as it were, in a circle about it. This singular exemption was attributed to the vapour exhaled from Kilkenny coal in the process of burning. It is a fuel which certainly possesses properties very differ- ent from any other known carbonaceous substance. The gas extracted is not sulphureous, but carbonic, and is as highly dangerous as that in the grotto Del Cane," when breathed in a close room in fact, it is the same kind of gas. It is very possible that this active and deleterious vapour may have a powerful effect in killing infection and from the universal use of the coal in the town, the whole atmo- sphere muy be as effectually fumigated as the wards of an hospital by oxygen. I was further assured by a medical man, that not only this city had escaped the disease, but that every village in the county was more or less exempt in proportion as they used the fuel. If this effect be found to be certain and permanent, it may afford important informa- tion.— Correspondent of the New Monthly Magazine. The River Thames dried up.-In the year 1158 there hap- pened so remarkable a deficiency of water in the river Thames, that the citizens passed through the bed of the river "on foot dry shod."—Only a century ago, not one of the bridges existed which now cross the Thames. Westminster Bridge is now the oldest, and that was opened in 1747. NAPOLEON AND THE TWELVE APOSTLES.—The Cabi- net de Lectuie gives the following anecdote of Napoleon, without pledging itself for its authenticity—if not so, it is at all events very characteristic Napoleon having entered one of the cities of Italy, the churchwardens recommended to him the reliques of their church. 'Sire, will you deign to take our Apostles under your protection ?' Your apostles! are they of wood ?' 'No, Sire.' Of what are they, then ?' Of silver, Sire—of solid silver.' 'Solid silver!' replied Napoleon quickly, 'Yes, I shall help them to fulfil their mission; it has been ordained that they should go throughout the world, and they shall.' Having said so, the Emperor sent the twelve Apostles to the Mint at Paris." NOVEL DUTY OF A GOVERNOR.—In the Van Diemen's Land papers we have a very flattering account of the first lady speculation of England to this colony-the ships sent out freighted with young females on a matrimonial ad- venture from the mother country. Governor Arthur had personally examined the condition and treatment of "these children of the state;" and 25, who had received offers of marriage, were ordered by his Excellency to enter into the holy estate. G-LOUCESTERANA.—His Royal Highness heard the other day that it was the intention of a certain nobleman to cut off his heir with a shilling." "Bless my soul," blus- tered the duke," he can never do it. It is madness for him to try to cut off his hair with a shilling. Doesn't he know it s the nature of all money to be blunt ? MOST NOBLE BULL.—The Marquis of Londonderry says, that he and his family spend much more than their means in the county of Durham. Perhaps the Marquis and his family kindly assist their neighbours in the business of expenditure. It may not be generally known, that this lord of the mines is a friend to the labour-exchange system. The good folks in the north are aware that the Noble Marquis repays work and commodities in small coal.

BANKRUPTS from Tuesday's Gazette. ']'0 Surrender in Basinghall-street. J. FRAZER, Leadenhall-street, ships-hearth manufacturer, Sept. 14, Oct. 16. Atts. Johnson and Weatlierall, Temple. B. VV. PUCKRIDGE, Southampton, coach-maker, Sept. 11, Oct. 16. Att. Pope, Gray's-inn-square. To Surrender in the Country. J. WISDEN, Brighton, builder, Sept. 28, Oct. 16, at the Albion Hotel, Brighton. Atts. Colbatch and Upperton, Brighton, or Palmer and France, Bedford-row, London. W. HEWES, Newark-upon-Tient, Nottinghamshire, miller, Sept. 14, Oct. 16, at the Mason's Arms Inn, Gaiusborongh, Lincolushire. Atts. Shearman, Gray's Inn, London, or Spurr, Gainsborough. VV. PATTJEN, Heaton Norris, Lancashire, druggist, Sept. 24, 25, Oct. IS, at the Royal Hotel, Manchester. Atts. Milne and Co. Temple, Lon- don, or Wood, BI1!ll\ck-Smithy, Stock port. M. Wvcipool, ciK'timl. Oct. 2, lt5. at Mus»*; I)uw»inr,t au.i Todd's odiccs, Preston, Lancashire. AUs. Dcwhsuat and Todd, Prcs ton, or Jeyes, Chancery-lane, London. W. FRANCIS, Bristol, builder, Sept. 14, Oct. Iff, at the White Lion. Bristol. Atts. Goolden, Bristol, or Henderson, Surrey-street, Strand, London. F. and L. B. T. S HARP, Brighton, lodginghouse-keepers, Sept. 12, Oct. 16, at the Albion Hotel, Brighton. Atts. Greene, Brighton, or Sowton, Bedford-row, London. BANKRUPTS from Friday's Gazette. To Surrender in Basinghall-street. W. D. BRADWELL Gower-street, boarding-house-keeper, Sept. 21, Oct. 19. Alt. Ford, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields. G. H. BRAINE, East-street, Manchester-square, builder, Sept, 12. Oct. 19. Att. Howell, Hatton Garden. To Surrender in the Country. J. HUDSON, Gale, Lancashire, calico-printer, Sept. 20, 21, Oct 19 at the Star in Manchester. Atts. Parry, Milne, and Morris, Temple, London, or Walker and Jesse, Manchester. J. MATHER, Hindley, Lancashire, innkeeper, Oct 1, at the Eagle and Child Inn, Wigan, Oct. 19, at the Bull Inn, Preston. Atts. Milne, Parry, Milne, and Morris, Temple, or Hopwood, Wigan. J. and W. SPENCER, New Sheffield, Northumberland, tile-manufac- turers, Sept. 28, Oct. 19, at the George Inn, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Atts. Brooksbank and Farn, Gray's lun-square, or Brown, Newcastle- upon Tyne. G. SCHONSWAR, Kingston-upon-Hull, merchant, Oct. 2, 19, at the Kingston Hotel, Kingston-upon-H ull. Atts. Rosser and Son, Inn-place, London, or Frost, Hull. It W. A. BROWN, J. T. BAILFY, J. SMITH, T. PIERCE, H. GRUBBER1,r Liverpool, oil manufacturers, Oct. 2, 19, at the Clarendon-bnildinKJ, Liverpool. Atts. Mather, Liverpool, or Walinsley, Keiehtly, and Parkin, Chancery-lane, London.

COPPER ORE Sold at POOL, on Thursday, Sept. 6, 1832. MINES. TONS. PURCHASERS. PRICE. Cons. Mines 122 Vivian and Sons c « Ditto. 121 Ditto fl 11 n Ditto 107 Birmingham Co. 5 I n Ditto 100 Vivian and Solis 8 1 e Ditto. 94 Crown Copper Co.. 6 2 « Ditto 92 Ditto 8 16 o Ditto 85 Viviai) and Son8 II a Ditto 83 English Co. 7 19 0 Ditto 75 Vivian and Sons 4 19 ft Ditto. 64 English Co 0 4 Js North Roskear 139 P. Grenfell and Co. 3 n « Ditto 113 Ditto 7 8 0 Dilto. JlJct Ditto J g Ditto 99 Ditto, and English Co. fi 17 « Ditto .85 P. (irenfell and Co. 5 n a Ditto 82 Ditto fi 4 fi Ditto 75 Ditto K I „ Ditto 03 Ditto e T Ditto 58 Ditto. 6 4 fi Ditt0 47 Ditto 14 0 Dolcoath 103 Williams, Foster, and Co., Forest Cop- per Co., George Wildes and Co., and English Co 7 12 6 Ditto. 90 Williams, Foster, and Co., Forest Cop- r. Per Co., and G. Wildes and Co. 4 10 0 Ditto. 86 Freeman and Co 6 2 fl Ditto. 70 Williams, Foster, and Co., Forest Cop". fv.. Per t"0-) and George Wildes and Co. 3 19 0 Ditto 68 Freeman and Co 5 II o Ditto 6t Vivian and Sons .J "t)a<: Ditto. 60 Williams, Foster, and Co., Forest Cop- Per Co., and George Wildes and Co. 9 18 « Ditto .50 Freeman and Co. d n « Ditto .48 Vivian and Sous. J* jy 1. Ditto. 43 Williams, Foster and Co., Forest Cop- per Co., and Geo. Wildes & Co. 3 0 8 Ditto 35 Ditto, Ditto, and Ditto 3 la ff Ditto .34 Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, and P. Grenfell and Co. •• •, 0 16 (I Wli, Strawberry 80 Williams, Foster, and Co., Forest Cop- per Co., George Wildes and Co., Daniell, Nevill, & Co., & Crown Co. 4 10 O Ditto. 67 Williams, Foster, and Co, Forest Cop- per Co., George Wildes & Co., and Daniell, Nevill, and Co. 16 6 Ditto. 63 Crown Co. 3 11 6 FoweyConsols.. 90 P. Grenfell and Co. J ? Ditto. 77 Ditto, Williams, Foster and Co., and „ George Wildes and Co. is South Roskear.. lI8 English Co. ck o Laneseot .,100 Vivian&Sons, and P. Grenfell and Co*. 5 ia a South W.lowan 60 Williams, Foster, & Co., Forest Con- per Co., Geo. Wildes and Co., and Daniell, Nevill, and Co. 4 t 0 Ditto. 20 Williams, Foster, and Co., Forest Cop. per Co., and Geo. Wildes and Co. 2 a n Crinnis Cons. 32 Crown Co.311ft Wh.Vyvyan..3t P. Grenfell and Co. 3 11 0 Quantity of Copper Ore sold, 3294 tons.-Average Produce, 8 Quantity of fine Copper, 262 tons, 0 cwt.—Amount of snip £19,49-1 16s. 6d.—Average Standard, jgl08 19s. 0d. High Water on Swansea Bar and at the Pass(tyes, FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. I SWANSEA BAR. THE PASSAGES. DAYS. Morn. Even. Height. Morn. Even. I H. M. H. M. F. J. H. M. H. M. Saturday Sept. 15 9 0 9 21 16 7 10 20 10 41 Sunday .Iti 94t 10 5 15 5 11 1 u 25 Monday 171 10 28 10 56 It 0 11 48 12 10 I uesday isfll 29 12 5 12 8 12 49 1 25 Wednesday. 195 12 46 I 32 12 1 2 6 2 52 Thursday 20 4 2 17 2 53 12 7 3 37 4 18 Friday 2U 3 33 4 6 14 1 4 53 5 20 Friday 2U 3 33 4 6 14 1 4 53 5 26 MOON'S Age.—Last Quarter, 17th day, at 2 after.

marftetø. MARK-LANE, LONDON, Monday, Sept. 13.— The wheat trade closed on somewhat better terms on Ji'riday last; and this morningt though there was afair supply of wheat from Essex, Kent, and Suffolk, fine parcels meta ready sale at an advance from 211. to 3s. per qr. since this day se nnight, whilst the middling sorts also are taken off on better terms. Barley is full Is. per qr. dearer the supply being short; and malt maintains our last quotation. Beans readily obtain Ipst week's prices. IVhite pease are somewhat higher, say Is. to Is. pei- qr. We have liltle alteration to notice in our oat trade, which still continues dull on much the same terms as last stated. In flour no alteration. PRICE OF GRAIN. -Per Imperial Quarter. 8. S. g, 8. Wheat, Red 40 to 50 Maple 38 <0 40 Fine 50 54 White .32 3tj Old — — Boilers 30 40 White 45 54 Small-Beans 38 40 Fine 58 5S Ditto, old Superline 00 62 Tick ..34 37 New — — Harrow 37 39 Rye 30 36 Feed Oats ,18 SO Barley 26 32 Fine 21 28 Ditto, fine new 34 36 Poland.. 21 M Ditto, fine new 34 36 Poland.. 21 Ut Malt 50 58 Fine 23 24 Fine 60 62 Potatoe 24 25 Hog Pease 36 38 Fine 26 2? FLOUR, per Sack of 280lb. Best 50s, to 55s. Second 45s. to 50s. AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN, per Qr. For the Week ending Aug. 31, 1832, and by which importation is regulated. *• d- s-. d. s. d. Wheat 63 2 Oats 21 2 Beans 36 8 Wheat 63 2 Oats 21 2 Beans 36 8 Barley 33 1 Rye 36 6 Peas# .37 8 PRICE OF SEEDS. 8. s. s, II. Turnip, White, per bush. 10fol3 Ctover,Red,percwt.45ro65 Red and Green ..10 15 ———-White .SS 74 Mustard, Brown.12 23 Foreign Red.M 65 White 8 11 Foreign White 56 70 Canary, per quarter 75 86 Trefoil 34 35 Santoin 44 46 Can-away 60 65 Rye Grass 30 34 Coriander 22 26 PRICE OF HOFS~ln~PodMt^^Curt. £ «• £ • *• £ ». £ s. Kent 4 15 to 5 12 Sussex 4 10 to 5 5 Essex 4 12 5 8 Farnham .5 0 9 0 Essex 4 12 5 8 | Farnham .5 0 9 0 "PRICE OF TALLOW~AND SOAP, per Cwt. s- d. s. d. s. d. Town Tallow 46 0 Melted Stuff 36 0 Yellow Soap ..62 O Russia Caudle.. 43 0 Rough Ditto 28 0 Mottled ditto 70 O White Ditto 43 0 Greaves .14 0 Curd diito 74 O PRICE OF MEAT. S)l iT \I FtEL D.-To sink the offal, per stone of Sibs. s. d. 8. d'l s. d. s. d. Beef 3 0 to 4 0 Veal 3 0fo4 6 Mutton 3 0 4 4 Pork So 00 Lamb Os. Od. to 5s. 4d. lIead of Cattle.Beasts, 2,491); Sheep, 22,950; Calves, 161; Pigs, 210 By the Carcase.—Per stone of Slbs. NEWGATE. S. d. s. d. LEAOKNHALI,. «. D. Inferior Beef 2 0 to 2 2 Prime Mutton. 3 6 to 4 O Middliifg ditto. 2 2 2 4 Inferior ditto 2 2 2 4 Prime large ditto 2 6 3 0 Middling ditto 2 6 3 0 Ditto small ditto ..3 4 3 8 Veal 2 6 4 4 Large Pork 3 0 4 2 Pork 36 50 Lamb 3 2 PRICE OF IRON. British Bars, 61. 5s. to 6l. 10s.; Ditto Pigs, 41. 10s. toll. 15# Hoops, 8 £ I5s. to 91. 6s. CORN AND HAY MARKETS. ^ZTO" s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wheat, English 52 0fo62 0 4 Beans. 34 0fo42 0 per qr. Irish and Welsh 42 0 52 Of 3 Pease.40 0 48 8 Malting Barley 36 0 42 0' ? Wh. Flour.. 42 0 45 Opersack Grinding ditto.. 24 0 26 0/o Seconds 39 0 41 0 Oats 18 0 24 0V Hay .40 0 65 0 per ton. Vetches — 1 prewt, J Sp Straw. 10 1 0 per do/. BRISTOL PRICE CURRENT. T t SUGAR. S. S. COFFEE. s. #. Miisc.veryBrown(percvvt.)50 t051 Fine ditto Di-y Brown 52 54 Very fine 100 110 Middling. ,.55 56 RVM. Good ditto 57 58 Jamaica (per gal.) 2 3 3 4 Good 60 61 Leeward isle .1 8 2 0 Fine 62 68 LQCWOODU jg.x..C.<. Molasses 26 27 Jamaica (per ton.) 6 5 6 10 COFFEE. St. Domingo. 7 0 8' » Jamaica, triage (per cwt.) 72 74 Campeachy .9 9 9 15 Ordinary 76 80 t\)stic,Jamaica.51060 Good ditto 80 82 Cuba 8 10 9 0 Fine ditto 83 85 OIL. Middling 86 88 Gallipoli (per tun) 54 0 56 0 Good ditto 90 94 Sicily 48 0 52 0 Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, for the week ending Aug. 28, 28s. Sd. per cwt.

NORWICH CORN AND MEAT MARKETS, SEPT. 10. There was rather a small attendance of farmers at market to-day, but prices of whelltremained much the same as last week. The greater part of the barley crop has been secured this week, but it has been much injured by the late rains, being much grown and discoloured; pHme samples sold to-day at 34s. per qr. Wheat 56s. to 60s.; very fine, 64s, per q,, The market to-day was not so well attended by buyers as was anti- cipated from the advanced state of the harvest. There was a fair sup. ply of all kinds of cattle, and the few lots disposed of were without any material alteration in prices. Fresh forward Scots, 4s. 6d. to 5s. per score, upon their estimated weights when fatlean Scots, as. 6d. to 4s. Short Horns and other beasts, 3s. to 3s. (id. Hoggets, from 231, to 341. per score; Lambs, 171. to 23t. Very little Fat Stock exhibited prime fat Scots 7s. to 7s. 6d, per stone; second quality, beef. 6s. to Go. 9<1: Mutton, (ix. ad. to 78. M; Pork, 5s, M. to tJs. 6d.