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•YUMTMI.VU**IF1TFGHI¥I~~ RUSSIA…

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YUMT MI.VU**IF1 TFG HI¥ I~~ RUSSIA AND BATOTJM. (From the Morning Post Correspondent.) BERLIN, July 11. I understand on the best authority that Lord Sosebery has so far declined to express any decided opinion on the question of Batoum, remarking to the Ambassadors who have approached the subject with him that owing to the precarious condition of the present Cabinet, and the- impossibility of conferring with Mr. Gladstone and his colleagues, who are ex- clusively taken up with the question of the elections, it was impossible for him to deal with the matter in the manner it deserved. The resolution of Russia to abolish the free port of Batoum will, however, be submitted to the attention of the Ministers at the first Cabinet Council which will be held in London next week. Meanwhile it may be interesting to re- mind the public that the 59th Article of the Treaty of Berlin, which the Cabinet of St. Petersburg is pleased to define as a gracious concession granted by the Emperor, gave rise to important negotiations and discussions between the Plenipotentiaries of the Great Powers. The question of Batoum bad been confidentially discussed between the representatives of the Great Powers, those of Great Britain protesting against the occupation cf that port by Russia. In the sitting of July 6, 1878, the order of the day including questions concerning territories in Asia contemplated in Article 15, 18, and 19 of the Treaty of SanStefano, Prince Gortscbakoff, after announcing that in a spirit of conciliation Russia made important concessions the question of Erzeroum, Bayazid, and the "Valley of Alaschkered, added: "I am furthermore authorised to declare that in his right of sovereignity my august master will declare Batoum a free port. This meets the material interests of all commercial nations, and more especially, it may be, those of Great Britain, whose commerce occupies the greatest number of ships. I conclude by expressing the hope that by this day's sitting we shall have made considerable progress towards the object of our meeting." These words in themselves ought to impress tho reader with the fact that the gracious Concession" was not a spontaneous and meaning- less act, but implied a well-defined renunciation of claims put forward by Russia. Prince Bismarck, who spoke immediately after Prince Gortschakoff, dwelt at some length on the great importance of the com- munication made by the first Russian Plenipotentiary. He remarked that the resolution to give up Bayazid and the Valley of Alaschkerd, and "above all" the declaration that Batoum was to be a free port, con- stituted most important modifications of the Treaty of San Stefano. What would Prince Bismarck and the other Plenipotentiaries have said if the Russian Representative had risen again, and had said, Mind that by granting these concessions with regard to Erzeroum, Bavarid, and Batoum, we reserve our full liberty of action to revoke them whenever it serves our purpose?" Surely Prince Bismarck and the other Plenipotentiaries would have 'replied that the concessions made by Russia, thanks to tbe" esprit de ) conciliation et aux concessio is reciprocities dont cen- Hcienceusement je reclame une large part an nom de la. Russie," to use Prince Gortschakoff's own words, could not differ from the concessions made by the rep- resentatives of the other Great Powers, and since they Were to be embodied in a regular treaty, must be con- sidered as binding on all the Powers alike. On what conditions was Russia permitted to occupy Batoum as a free port ? Thanks to its Position the Turkish fleet under Dervish Pasha had ably defended it against the Russians. The con- cession was granted in exchange for Erzeroum, and on the distinct understanding that it should only be held as a free port. Prince Bismarck, in dwelling on the important concession made by Russia, remarked "that he would be exceedingly happy if Great Britain, Which possesses great interests in those parts, would declare herself satisfied with this arrangement. The Conference would have made a decided advance in a pacific sense if, arriving at some understanding on this point, it had now but to occupy itself with details." Surely these words indicated clearly that the question of Batoum was not indifferent to the other Powers, or to be settled as the Emperor of Russia might choose. Prince Gortsohakoff was, in fact, so anxious that the question of Batoum should be settled so as to avoid all future misunderstand- ing that he at once rose to ask what the other Pleni- potentiaries had to say on the subject. Lord Beaconsfield's reply clearly indicated the importance which Great Britain attached to concessions which were certainly not meant to be of a purely provisional character. Lord Beaconsfield remarked that he bad listened to the commumcation made by Prince Gorts- chakoff with the greatest interest. He agreed with fhlnce Bismarck that this spontaneous concession on the part of the Emperor of Russia recommended itself to the most serious consideration of the Congress. At the moment in which the great assembly was about to conclude its labours, and in which all the pleni- potentiaries endeavoured to settle the questions of detail which yet remained open, the British represent- atives were happy to perceive on the part of a power- ful Sovereign a conciliatory step of so important a nature. The proposal appeared to the British pleni- potentiaries to remove one of the greatest obstacles to solution claimed by the whole of Europe. Lord Beaconsfield considered it a most happy thought to transform at the end of a great war a contested Position into a free port and into a commercial entre- for all nations. Lord Beaconsfield entirely approved and accepted the proposition, and although it would have been the desire of England that this Stronghold, which was never captured, should have remained under the suzerainty of the "ultan, he considered it an advantagous solution in the interest of the prosperity Russia, Turkey, and all peoples. Lord Beaconsfield persisted in declaring that he would much rather have preferred that Batoum, in becoming a free port, were not included in Russian territory. '-Fully confiding in the declarations of the Emperor °f Russia," Lord Beaconsfield perceived in the advan- tages of the freedom of that port a compensation for an annexation which he could not under any circum- stances approve of, but he could not refrain from saying that it was painful to think that, while con- .L gratulating himself on the creation of a free port, he could not help being preoccupied with regard to the means of preventing, or at least of attenuating, new troubles. Lord Beaconsfield spoke at considerable length on the importance of studying all the details of the question in order to avoid any future possible complications. In a lengthy speech which followed, Prince Bismarck expressed great satisfaction at finding that an understanding was almost arrived at between Russia and Great Britain. Count Andrassy, the French Plenipotentiary, and Count Corti spoke in the same sense. The importance of the question was made manifest by the declaration made by Lord Salisbury when the question of the Straits came under discussion. Lord Salisbury declared that if the acqui- sition of Batoum had been maintained under condi- tions which threatened the liberty of the Black Sea England could not have bound herself towards the other European Powers to restrict herself from entering that sea. But Batoum having been declared a free commercial port, the English Government not decline to renew those engagements under modifications imposed by the decisions already aken at the Congress. JULY 12. The Note presented by Russia to the Porte respect- ing Batoum states that the customs cordon round Jhe place causes serious prejudice to commerce, urther saying that Batoum will nevertheless remain f*1 essentially commercial harbour, and will not ecome a place of arms. ROME, July 12. "he Gazzetta Piemontese, commenting on the viola- ion of the Berlin Treaty by Russia, remarks We have another symptom that the peace of Europe is seriously endangered, and that fresh events are in store for us. On the eve of the expiration of the triple Alliance, and at the moment in which so much 18 of the approaching meeting of the Emperors ?^d Great Chancellors, this incident of tha port of atoum is particularly alarming. This is, perhaps, ■Russia's first move." The Diritto says We must conclude by remark- .n8 that.Batoum is for the Russians the shortest route th T°,nstailtinople, a far shorter route than through e Eastern Balkans, Herein lies all the expiana- Berl"0^6 a^ro?at'on °" Article 59 of the Treaty of • Popolo Romano says: "Now that the elections are about to turn out of power a party ho n C'°es no^ entertain towards Russia the same it "8 feeling entertained by the Conservatives, and is most probable that the party most benevolent to vJ^81an .policy iu the East will be kept long out of Ifc is hut natural that Russia should have „„P 7.seized the opportunity of accomplishing an ramJ t wl11 be allowed to Pass without many marks now that Mr. Gladstone is still Prime ut which would have met with serious ob- ptwlrV L°rd Sali8bUry had held the reins of (Telegram from Daily Telegraph Correspondent.) V 6 VIENNA, July 13. The rumour current here this morning that Eng- land intends to despatch three ironclads to the Dar- danelles as a set-off to Russia's proceeding in con- nection with Batoum is considered in competent quarters to be eminently improbable. It is obviously desired in those regions that Russia's arbitrary con- duct should be passed over unreproved. Such, too, is apparently the wish of the German Government. At ail events, the Norddeutsche Allgcmeine Zeitung, which bad observed a significant silence on the whole iuci- dent,now publishes the official Russian decree, followed by the brief remark that the Batoum question will shortly disappear from the order of the day. CONSTANTINOPLE, July 13. The Porte and the Turkish Press appear surprised that the Batoum incident creates so much interest. The leading Turkish paper says that England is chiefly interested in the maintenance of Article 59 of the Berlin Treaty, and that the other signatory Powers await her action. Another iurkish journal concludes that the commercial in- terests of England, Germany, and Austria will suffer more than those of Turkey. The incident, indeed, would have passed unnoticed if Turkey alone had been concerned. A recent visitor in Batoum informs me that freedom of trade hasbeen strictly limited to the suburbs of the town, and he illustrates the fact by stating that he and his friends had to pay 27s. duty on provisions for a picnic just outside the boundaries. The trade of the town is mainly in petroleum and manganese exports, as against a comparatively very small quantity of manu- factured goods, mostly Russian imports. The change announced must have been contemplated for some time, because a year ago an enormous custom house was commenced, much larger than would be required if the port were free. At the entrance of the narrow harbour the Russians have constructed a powerful fort of masonry, and earthworks enclosing large bar- racks. The railway runs quite into the fort, the ad- mission to which both during construction and at present is strictly guarded. CONSTANTINOPLE, July 14. There is no truth in the statement published yester- day by the Vienna Presse that in consequence of Russia's action in regard to Batoum Lord Rosebery had addressed a Note to the Powers pointing out that the British Government could no longer place confi- dence in Russia's observing other stipulations of the Berlin Treaty, and was thus constrained to take the precautionary step of ordering three ironclads to the Dardanelles, to prevent any further surprise.

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EXPULSION OF THE DUO D'AUMALE.

EPITOME OF NEWS.

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA…

GREEK GIP&IES IN LONDON.

MR. PARNELL AND LORD HARTINGTON.

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-------.-IIOTING AT BELFAST.…

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IBURMAH.

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