Merthyr Times and Dowlais Times and Aberdare Echo

COLOFN Y BEIRDD. ENGLYNION A cyfansoddwyd wedi darllen ysgrifau Ap Ffarmwr yn y Geninen." Craffydd, ddieilydd feddyliwr—yw J. Owen Jones, Ap Ffarmwr Ei gladdu ni cha'n Ogleddwr, Dyma fe yn y De yn dwr. Daeth i dref brydferth Mertbyr-yn enau Doethineb i'w bapyr; Heb wallmae mewn amser byr, Wedi raagu edmygwyr. Mae'n drylen ysgrifenydd—a'i aweu A rydd fywyd newydd 1'n Times hoff yn twymo sydd Holl anian ei ddarllenydd. Un o ysbryd pur ryddfrydig-yw Ap Ffarmwr, docth, a diddigr > Ond trais le bena trig—gwel ei ffalsedd A dealla nodwedd ei dwyll honedig. Rhy' ei gedyrn'ergydion—rbyw arswyd Trwy yr orsedd greulon, Ei iaith a'i waith svdd weitbion-fellliimv Yn tori'r garw y Tir i'r Goron." Bri yr Arglwyddi a gleddir-rhyw dro, A'u mawr drais ddiddymir A'n gwlad fad a gyfodir, I'w tbrem hardd o'i gorthrwm hir. Vyna broffwyda'r hoff awdwr,-a da Y dywed Ap Ffarmwr, Y daw'r oes heb arch-dreisiwr, A byd gwell i arbed gwr." la wilder a gwir uniondeb-weinyddir Mewn heddwch a phurdeb; Ildio heb gydraddolaeb Yn ei wlad, ni ildia neb. Merthyr. HTWKL MOKGAKWG. CYLCH GYFARCHIAD I RAI 0 FEIRDD MERTHYR. I IEUAN DYFED. Ieuan Dyfed am gan ddedwydd—englyn A'i holl onglau afrwydd ø Cof oriel hardd cyfarwydd—mewn odlau A hen gudd fydrau iawn ga' addfedrwydd. I GWERNYFED. Y gwronfawr Gwernyfed—ei dalente Sy'n deilwng o deyrnged Lienor a barda hardd yr hed—at reol Hen ufudd dafol cun foddau Dyfed (Deheudir). I AP FFARMWR (Golygydd y Merthyr Times). Ap Ffarmwr doethwr hyd eithaf,—enwog o haniad arwraf; Diloes olygydd tlysaf-rtwenydd Oesol hanesydd wiw sail hoenusaf. I HYWEL MORGANWG. Mae Hywel Morganwg mor Od euiawg fardd ei dymor Hen gar odlau ein goror-fardd ddewin Wna i'r uthr egin fer eithrio agor. Byw awdlwr yw gwr y gan, A'i eiriau'n glychau arian. I ALAWYDD 0 LYWEL. Alawydd o Lywel, hylwydd helaetb. 0 fyw urdd enwog bri ei farddoniaeth Ei gan asbri diliau gwyn ysbrydoliaeth Cynghanedd yw nawdd ei wledd addoliaeth, Swyn alaw a'i gwasanaeth—hen Gymrawd Rhodd yw anianawd, aur rudd huuaniaeth. I MERTHYRFAB. Natur Merthyrfab noda-dda unedd Hen farddas orncha'; Ei fudd a lwyr ymguddia. !—t;wyd awen Rho' gathlau addien bur goeth a lwydda. Awenydd hael yni dydd, Ag asbri wresog ysbryd, Hoenus fardd hynawsaf yw, 0 haeddawl ddoniau beddyw. I GWYDDONFRYN. Gwyddonfryn heb gudd efrau, Sydd o hyd ei swydd yw hau Daw o'r grawn bentwr yw gryd, Hedd at-wl noddau hawddfyd Rhyw wron o Samson sydd, Yn trychu'r gwan ymdrechydd Aur wobrau'r a'r cydau cain, Yw uchel bwrs diochain Rhaid tori hen fri ei fron, Gwyllt siomi sedd gwallt Samson (?) Daw bawl i'th wir fodolaeth—bydd swynol Dy arfer ddenol o du'r farddoniaeth. Eneidlym f:udd anadla, Awel chwcg barddoncg dda. Merthyr. J. D. WALTERS. Ionawr 18fed, 1895.

Y CONFFRENS. DAI.—Shwt i chi henoi gyd, fechgyn ? Diolch yn fawr bo ni wedi cwrdd a'n gily mor llawen ar ol y storom fawr ddath i gwrdd a UI. SAJU.—Ma uhw'n gweyd taw gyda'i gili yn tote jnowr o filoedd ma ecadan ya y mor, a pan bo nhw fel hyny l)o nhw yn ddigon cryf i atopo llonge i fynd 1,1 lan ond pan bo storom fawr yn dwad ma nhw yn t'ttel i Rarnu owrtli i gily a'u hwtbi ffor hyn a ffor co, a dyna pryd ma'r pysgotwrs yn cal shawna i dala nhw. Ond (>3 dath storom fawr i'n hwthi ni owrth i n guy, 1 ni wedi dwad nol at i'n gily heno to a'r pwnc nesa yw ble i ni mynd i gadw owrdde o hyn mas, wath ma rhaid i ni gal rhyw le neu weitho tents fel jipshwns nias a'r tips ma, a ma'r tewy yn rhy lib a rliy wcr i J hynv nawr. HARRI. \V el, wy i wedi bod yn pusslo let i ble ewn nesa, p, wy yn ffaelu gweld gallwn ni gal un lIe i'n suito ni os na ewn ni i'r Workhouse. DAs.-Pam wyt yn meddwl am fynd i'r Workhouse, bachan? HAIIRI.—Wei, dyna pam. Does yrna ddim un Ile cyfleun* i'r public i fydd i enjoyo'u hunen ond y Tap- room?, ag i ni wedi cal ein drivo mas odd yno. Does dim Reading Rooms, Free Libraries, Public_ Park*, Public Baths, Workmen's Institutes, Gymnasiums na diru o'r «ort i ni i fynd iddo nhw i enjoyo hunen. Ma yma. un Constitutional Clwb, mae'n wir, ond ma rhaid i ni werthu'n principles cyn cal mynd mewn i hwnw. A does ytna ddim un Liberal Clwb yn opposition iddo fe. Ag i chi yn gwbod ma dj'na lie mae dynon yn cal mynd yma yw pan heb un lie arall yw y Work- houeo. Jiae gwleaydd i ni yn alw yn baganaidd ag yn goel grefvddol yn mhell o'n blan ni ar y pen yna. Pan bo dynfon yn'teithio yn ngwJedydd y Dwyram »flae digon o Kanns a caravanserais yn gyfleus iddyn nhw droi mewn pryd v mynonnhw. PHIL.—Mae un peth da fi yn erbyn y Workliouse, •na dynon dangeria iawn yna. SAMi.—Wen i yn uso meddwl taw yn y Bedlam Ma'r dinion dangeris i gyd. Pnu.Ie, mae'n wit-, ond dyma own i yn feddwl, pe bysen ni yn mynd i'r Workhouse mil. na ddynon lyse yn ein rhoi ni lawr mor ishel a paupers a 8011001- masters arunwaith. DAN. — Paid sharad mor fychanus am school- niantcrs, Phil. Dynia'r dynon mwya gwybodus a Jespectable yn y wlad yw schoolmasters. Dyma'r dyniou sydd cal i dewis i neyd gwaith urddasol yn y wlad, sef starto dynion ifenc ar ben Hwybyr hywyd. A mawr yw y cwylydd i ti bo ti yn treio symplo a bychanu schoolmasters. pHII(. — Paid a camddeall nawr. JSid y fa sy n bychani schoolmastern, ond rhyw ddynion sy n nivnd i'r Workhouse wy'n weyd sy'n eu bjTiianu nhw. Kheiny sy'n treio'u rhoi nhwar yr un level a naupers. Ma. nhw yn teimlo yn anghyffredin bod schoolmasters yn cal yr honour o eistedd ar y Board of Guardian", ag ma nhw ar eu gore yn treio piano i cal nhw mas. HIUH.—Gan nad pwy yw y bodau yna sydd am droi ysgolfeistri allan oddiar Fwrdd y Gwarcheid- waid, mi wranta. nad yda'n nhw ddim wedi gwneyd i liyw tawer i ddyrchafu moesau'r werin, ac y mae'r ymgaisynavn nodweddiadol o dafarnwr, obleeid nid yw tafarnwyr fel rheol yn gwneyd rhyw lawer i ddyrchafu y genedl mewn addysg, rhinwedd, a moes- oldeb. CHARLV.—Mae atubell i idea dda gyda tafarnwr wfeithiau hefyd. Y chi'u cofio Dan Thomas pwy ddiwrnod yn cynyg rhoi David Davies, Glebcland, ar y ford. Roedd e wedi dyall taw llestr pridd oedd e, a taw llestr llawn hefyd, waith mynd off a llestvi gweigion oddiar y ford ma nhw fel rheol. Ond rwy yn credu fod e ddim yn dyall dim o natur contents llestr David Davies ma'r quality sy yn llestr y dyn yna yn siwr o fod yn gryfach a* mwy sylweddol na dim sy yn un botel na jar na chasgen yn y Plymouth Arms, cr bod dynion o safle lied uchei yn mynd yna am fod licer da yna.. Tu jr.—Son am David Davies, rhyw greadur bacn yfnadw i insulto dynon yw hwna. C'lywsoch chi am yr insult ofnadw rows e i Evan Lewis dydd Sadwrn wythnos i hedd v. i- • IANTO. — Beth! David Davic» wedi insulto Evan Lewis TWM.-Ic, wir, mae e yn y papure. IANTO.-Wei, wel, David Daucs wedi insulto Evan Lewis Y dyn bach yna wedi insulto r Great and only Evan!" Chlwes i ddim shwt bath enoed { l chi wed i'n hurto i yn lan, wn i ddim beth *y i weyd. DAI.—Ches i ddim shwt syndod enoa a pan own L yn darllen yr hanes bod dyn fel David Davies wedi gallu insulto Evan Lewis. A dynm ')st, yn blino Evan Lewis yn angvffredin oedd bod ladies j n y room yn clwed y fath iaith anweddaidd, ag ie atn tnas (fel plentyn yn mynd i weyd wrth ei fam) t we-ya wrth y Chairman bod e wedi calci insulto yn ofnaciwj. Ond dytna bctli oedd yn rhvfedd wedd e yn gortoa gwevd nag wedd c ddim yn gwbod beth wedd ystyr y geire oodd David Davies wedi weyd wrtbo. SHASIS.—Wel, wel, dyna gyssondeb onte, boys.' Gweyd fod e wcdi cal oi insulto, a ddim yn gwbod ystyrygeire. SAMT.—Ma dyniou mowr yu mynd yn wan am lien waith. Fe weles i ddyn os typyn nol yn ffrath iawn ei dafod; fe wedd mishtir y lie ar y dafod. a fe ath i redeg menwod Pengarnddu lawr yn ombeidis; ond vn nihen cwpwl o ddwarnode wedd e yn mynd i°r lan i Pengarnddu i hunan. a dyma'r menywod yn dwad mas i gwrdd ag e. ag yn y shalenso fe, a fe gofiodd "noo'r adnod, lach yw pen e gi trenoth," a dyma fe bant a rhoi drad yn tir nath e. a rhedeg shag adre pendigili heb stopo, heb neyd dim o'i waith yn Pengarnddu. T.wrn.-IJcth oedd ygeirieocod wedi cal eu IUIKO. J AC.—" Tout a touter." _i Wil.—Beth yw ystyr y ddau ait- N'lla 131e I-ut Joe heno V Nawr wy yn gweld ei eisho fe. Trem na fyse fe yma nawr. Ond sun a;il y d 1 mae e wastad ar bwvs. Dere mlan Joe, jnae eiahe i to ex pi a i no i ni lx;th yw Tout" a touter." ,5 J OK.—Escuswch fo gweyd Sisneg. "lAttit" is a verb iutvawsitive aud signifies "To ply for, of customers." "Touter" is a noun and signifies a man who seeketh for customers." JlM.—Wel, wel, dyna hi yn galch Pwy insult iddo fe odd 8i alw fe yn "Touter" fel Ha.? Nawr, Dyn y Death Olwb, oofla ffor bydd hi os dewi dithau mas fel candidate. DYN T DEATH CLWB.—Wel, fechgyn, ta faint fydda i yn advertiso o'n hunan, a tha faint o bromises wna i chi, dim ond i fi gal mynd mewn fydda i ddim yn hido ffordd bydda i yn voto wedyn. Cofiwch chi'n syporto i pan ddel yr adeg. OLL.—Ni wnawn, gelli fentro.—Dros y Conffrens, DYN Y DEATH CLWB.

PWY DDARGANFYDDODD AMERICA? [GAN MR. J. D. WALTERS, MERTHTR]. Dyma brif faes ymchwiliad diflino y blynyddoedd diweddaf, a hyny gan lenorion a dyspawdwyr mwyaf goleuedig ac uwch-raddol a fedd gwahanol genedloedd gwar yr oes bresenol. Nid oes fesur na therfyn braidd ar ysgrifenu, areithio, dadleu a'r cyffelybam y person ar ameer y darganfyddwyd Cyfandir y Gorllewin gyntaf. Fel y mae yn hysbys i'r darllenydd, gosodir dau ddyddiad i'r adeg y gwelodd Christopher Columbus Gyfandir y Gorllewin, aef Hydref 15ea a'r 21ain 400 blynedd yn ol i'r Hydref diweddaf. Yr oedd newyddiaduron dyddiol ac wythnosol, yn nghyda'r cylchgronau misol a thri-misol drwy yr Unol Daleithau, wedi cymeryd i fyny amgylchiad rhyfedd darganfyddiad y cyfandir, er cael sicrwydd gwirionedd y ffaith nad hanes ffugiol a chaddug o dywyllwch o'i hamgylch, na thraddodiad benchwiban y Babaeth oedd wrth wraidd y siarad cynhyrfus oedd fel gorlif yn gorcbuddio y gwledydd. Yn yr adeg nwyfus a tbrydanol hon, i geisio pentyru mynyddoedd o ogoniant canmoliaethau ar lienau eu gilydd, er moli yr baner-dduw Pabaidd Ch. Columbus, penderfynodd y Cymro dewrfrydig, a'r lienor uwchraadol, yr Anrh. Thomas L. Jamas, cyn-Bostfeistr eyffredinol yr Unol Dalaethau, Dinas New York, yn bresenol, wneyd ymchwiliad manwl a thrwyadl i ddarganfyddiad y cyfandir Americanaidd. Yr oedd Mr. James yn ymwybodol fod y gwledydd, gydag unfrydedd mawr, yn rhodd i yr holl anrhydedd fel coron o berlau ar ben Columbus. Hefyd, yr oedd yn hysbys i Mr. James fod y lienor clasurol a'r beirniad craff, y diweddar Mr. Thomas Stephens, Merthyr Tydfil, wedi gwadu yn benderfynol, drwy ymJhwiliad maith, nad oedd un prawf diymwad a sicr i Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd tyned allan a deg o longau tua'r gorllewin, ac iddo ddarganfod y cyfandir. Ni ddigalonodd ac ni wany- chodd yr holl bethau hyn ffydd Mr. Jam&? er ei rwystro i ymaflyd yn y gwaith gorchestol o gael allan wirionedd y ffaith mai Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd oedd y cyntaf i ddarganfod Cyfandir mawr y Gor- llewlll. Penderfynodd yr ysgrifenydd redeg talfyriad o banes ei ymchwiliad drwy y felin Gymreig fel y canlyn :— Un o'r enw Haklwyt, Said oedd yn byw yn yr Unol Dalaethau, yn ei lyfr a'r "Hanes Mordeithiau" yr hwn lyfr a gyhoeddwyd yn y flwyddyn 1589, a ddywed am Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd iddo hwylio o lanau gogleddol yr Iwerddon tua'r gorllewin, nes iddo ddyfodatgyfandirnadoeddarddaiar-leni y byd yr adeg hono, ac iddo weled lluaws o bethau rhyfedd yno a sicrha yr un awdwr ni mai dyma y cyfandir yr ymffrostia yr Ysbaeniaid mai Columbus a'i dargan- fyddodd gyntaf, gydag eithrio darganfyddwr Carthingaidd yn y flwyddyn 450 cyn Crist. Y mae Haklwyt yn dweyd iddo gael yr hanes gan un o'r enw Gytyn Owen, sef ei ddyddiadur, yr hwn oedd wedi gweled amryw law-ysgrifau oedd yn cael eu cadw yn guddiedig a dirgelaidd yn y mynachdai a Uyfr-gelloedd er dyogelwch, fel y byddent yn arfer yr amseroedd hyny.. Yn amser teyrnasiad y Frenines Elizabeth, yr hon a esgynodd i orsedd Prydain Fawr yn y flwyddyn 1558, yr oedd yn ddeaHedig yn holl gylchoedd lien a'r werin gyffredin, mai Madoc ddarganfyddodd America gyntaf; a Madoc oeddid yn anrhydeddu. Dywed yr hanesydd Ffrancaidd, "Hornius" yn ei Dt Orittinibus Americans: "Nid oes eisieu ond taflu golwg frysiog ar ffurf-gyflead y ddaear, na bydd i'r ymchwilyda gael ei lwyr argyhoeddi, mai ar y Cyfandir Ameri- canaidd y tirodd Madoc gyntaf, gan nad oedd tir wedi ei nodi allan ar fap y byd, tu draw i'r Ynya Werdd, ond Bermuda yn unig yn y flwyddyn 1650, a rhaid mai y Cyfandir Gorllewinol oedd y tir y gosododd y Oymro dewr-glodus ei draed arno, ac iddo ddewis naill a'i Virginia neuLloegr Newydd i ymsefydlu." Y mae yr un awdwr vn dweyd fod hen draddodiad yn rnhlith trigianwyr Virginia heddyw fod y bobl gyn- tefig yn addoli rhyw Madoc fel y penaf o'r gwroniaid. Peter Martyr, ysgrifenydd Llya Ferdinand, Brenin Spain, a gofnoda ar ddychweliad Columbus o'i daith orllewinol, i Columbus wrth dirio ar y cyfandir gael hyd i bobl dawel eu harferion, oeddent yn rhoddi anrhydedd anghyffredin i rhyw berson o'r enw Madoc. Y mae llyfr ar gael o'r enw Letters written bu a Turkish Splf. Awdwr hwn oedd ysgrifenydd y Llys Turkaidd yn amser Charles yr Ail, Brenin Lloegr. Dywed nad oedd terfyn ar diriogaethau Prydain yn America, a bod y Cyfandir mawr hwnw yn cael ei breswylio gan bobl yn siarad yr iaith Gymraeg. Hefyd, pan orchfygodd yr Ysbaeniaid Mexico, dywed iddynt gael eu synu yn fawr glywed am bobl oedd wedi bod ar ymweliad a hwy, sef y Mexicaniaid; fod y bobl hyny yn dysgu gwybodaeth am Dduw, a byd tragwyddol ac anfarwol! A'u bod yn hynod ddi- frifol gyda'u ffurfiau crefyddol; ac mae yr iaith Gymraeg oedd iaith gyffredin y bobl hyn; enwau Cyroreig oedd ar eu pentrefi, afonydd, mynyddoedd, a pliob math o greaduriad. Dywed y teithiwr a'r hanesydd, Syr Thomas Herbert o Loegr, yr hwn a deithiodd holl wledydd adnabyddus y byd tua'r flwyddyn 1626, fod Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd wedi tirio ar Ynysoedd Newfound- land yn y flwyddyn 1170, ac iddo hwylio yn ei flaen oddi yno nes cael hyd i'r Cyfandir Amercanaidd. Ac ychwanega mai Tywysog Gwynedd oeddyn haeddu yr anrhydedd o ddarganfod y Cyfandir Gorllewinol ac nid Columbus. Yn y flwyddyn 1740 ceir gohebiaeth yn y Gentle- man's Magazine, Llundaiu, am offeiriad o'r enw Morgan Jones, Cymro oedd wedi uiyned i'r America fel cenhadwr dan nawdd yr Eglwys Sefydledig, ac i Dalaeth Virginia yr aetb a bu yn gweithio yno fel cenhadwr o'r flwyddyn 1660 hyd y flwyddyn 1685. Ymhen tyinhor meddyliodd am roddi taith dipyn allan i'r wlad o amgylch; ac ar ol iddo ef a'r rhai oedd gydag ef fyned allan ychydig, daeth lluaws o Indiatd ar eu gwarthaf, daliwyd hwy fel drwg-weith- redwyr, neu hwyrach eu bod yn ysbnvyr a chynllwyn ganddynt er niwed ar ol gwneyd prawf o lionynt, penderfynwyd eu rhoddi i farwolaeth; ac wedi cyrhaedd y dienyddle, penliniodd Mr. Jones, yr offeiriad, ar lawr, a dechreuodd gyflwyno ei linn a'i gyfeillion mewn gweddi i Dduw, Creawdwrpob path, a hvny yn y iaith Gymraeg, a'r Indiaid yn gwrando, er deall hwyrach beth a dd'wedai. Yn ddisymwth gwaeddodd y Penaeth Indiaidd "Cymro ydi o, rhydd- hewch ef mewn moment." Bu Mr. Jones am tiedwar mis yn eu plith yn dysgu a phregethu yr Efengyl iddynt yn yr iaith Gymraeg. Eto, ceir hanes mewn hen lyfrau yn y Taleithau, am Indiaid CymrClg yn oynorthwyo i adeiladau am- ddiffynfeydd a ffurnau o weithiau, er dyogelwch iddynt rhag gelynion yr un dull a chynlltin a r rhai a geir yn Mhrydain, fel yr adeilad hwnw Stonhenge. Un Benjamm Sutton (Sais), yn y flwyddyn 1573 yr hwn a fu am flynyddoedd yn garcharor gan yr Indiaid, a ddywed iddo gael caniatad unwaith i ymweled a phentref Indiaidd gerllaw New Orleans, Talaeth Louisana ac ar ol cyrhaedd yno, yr oedd yr non drigolion yn bobl wynton tebyg i Sei!!on neu Gymry ac er ei fawr syndod cafodd allan mai Cymry pur o "waed coch cyfa" oedd yr oIl o'r trigolion yr oeddent yn cau o amgylch eu tyddynod. yn aredig a llyfni, a chodi ydau o wahanol fathau, a magu gwenyn fel yn Ngbymru. Wrtn fyned drwy daleithau New York, Pennsyl- vania, Virginia, a'r ddwy Carolinas, mor bell a Thalaeth Mississipi, sicrheir yr ymchwilydd mae y Cymry sydd wedi adeiladu yr amddiffyn-gaerau a'r gwerthyroedd sydd i'w gweled ar hyd a Ilea y tal- eithau mawrion hyny y inae ffurf-ddulliau y cau- gloddiau sydd o amgylch mynwentydd yn (Ira gwahanol i'r dull y mae y llwythau Indiaidd a'r Americanaidd yn wneyd wrth gau o amgylch eu claddfeydd hwy. Eto, yn y Wyoming Valley, lIe bu ysgrifenydd y llinellau hyn yn byw am 28ain o flynyddau, eaed wedi tori i lawr dderwen anferth mewn maintioli, oedd agos i 700 can' mlwydd oed, o'r tufewn iddi amryw offerynau wedi eu gwneyd o haiarn, mewn ffurfiau y gallant fod o wasaijaeth at amryw bethau a chaed chwech o fotyniau yn y goeden, ac arnynt ddarluniau arf-beisiau ao art- arwyddion yr hen Gymry felly, wedi eu gosod yno er y flwyddyn 1193. Yn Nhalaeth Ohio a Kentucky caed llestri pridd o wneuthuriad na wyr yr Indiaid na'r Aniericaniaid ddim am danynt, ac arnynt bob ma.th o addurniadau arferedig gan yr hen Gymry. Yn agos i Ddinas Marietta, Ohio, caed hyd i lafnau arian a chopor, a cherf-luniau arnynt fel cleddyfau llafn-llydan oedd gan Gymry yr oesoedd gynt; yr hyn a sicrha yr ymchwilydd a'r darllenydd nad yw yn ngafael y ciefyd peryglus hwnw, rnag- farn," i gredu y ffaith fod ein cenedl ni wedi dargan- fod a byw yn y wlad ganrifoedd cyn geni Columbus, yr hwn berson y pentyra holl genedloedd gwledydd gwar bob anrhydedd a fedd y bedwaredd-ganrif-ar- bymtheg i'w roddi arno. Yn y flwyddyn 1792, cawn hanes am un General Boweles, o dan Prydain, Penaeth Indiaidd, a fu ar ymweliad a Llundain ar ryw achos Indiaidd a holwyd ef yn fanwl gan amryw Gymry dysgedig a oedd ef yn gwybod am Indiaid oedd yn siarad yr iaith Gymraeg yn y wlad ? Atebodd yn gadarnhaol ei fod, ond fod yr enw Indiaid Cymreig wedi ei roddi iddynt o herwydd Iliw eu croen gan eu bod yn bobl wynion, Yna adroddasant iddo hanes Madoc a'i fordeithiau, pryd y d'wedodd gyda phwyslais, "Y mae yn sicr eu bod ar y Cyfandir Americanaidd, er ys canrifoedd, gan mor lluosog ydynt." D'wedodd am Gymro oedd wedi bod yn garcharor yn Mexico, iddo ddianc o'r carchar a chroesi y cyfandir nes iddo gyrhaedd lluaws o Indiaid oedd yn siarad yr iaith Gymraeg yn hyglyw Yn y flwyddyn 1764, ceir hanes am Gymro o'r enw Morris Griffith, oedd yn garcharor gryn amser gan y llwyth Indiaidd Shawanese; ac yn mhen amser gofynodd am ganiatad i fyned i fyny yr afon Missouri er cael allan ei tharddle. C'aniatawyd iddo ei gais, a rhoddwyd pump o wroniaid y llwyth i fyned gydag ef; ac ar ol ychydig ddyddiau o deithio, cyfarui a hwy dri o ddynion gvvyniou (coch-felyn ydyw iliw cyflfredin yr Indiaid) mewn gwisgoedd Indiaid, ond yn siarad yr iaith Gymraeg R l1, gdydd. Gan nad oedd ei gyfeillion yn deall dim am iaith yr Gymraeg, ni ddangosodd mai Cymro oo#c) ef i'r dynion gwynion. Aeth Morris Griffith a'i gyfeillion gyda'r • tri dyn gwyn, nes iddynt ddod at bentrefi lawer yn llawn o bobl wynion. Yn union gyda bod Morris Giiftith a'i gyfeillion wedi dyfod iw plith, ofnwvd mai ysbiwyr oeddent yn bwriadu drwg, galwÿd holl swyddogion y llys yn nghyd er cael allan beth oedd bwriad y dieithriaid hyn yn dyfod trwy eu fwlad ac wedi cael yindriniaeth fanwl a theg ar vmddvgiad y bobl hyn, penderfynwyd eu rhoddi i farwolaeth gan eu bod wedi arfogi en hunain mor trvflym a clian fod Morris Griffith a'i gyfeillion yn t.resenol, cododd y Cymro ar ei draed a gofynodd, er ei mawr syndod, ganiatad .amddiffyn ei hun yn yr iaith Gymraeg, a rhoddodd eglurhad mor foddhaol iddynt beth oedd eu bwriad, nes y gorch mvnwyd eu rhyddhad yn union, a bod iddynt le yn eu mys^ hw y fel pobl ryddion cyhyd ag y myncnt. Bu y Cymro hwn a'i gyfeillion ddwy flynedd a haner cyn dychwelyd. Ar oj evrhaedd v He y daethant o hono. a rhoddi adrtKldia<l maitb a chynwysfawr, caTodd Morris Griflith ei rhyddhau, a chanddo ef y cafwyd jrr hanes. lf Ceir hanes ar hen Ivfrau yn Nhnlaeth Tenn^stt yu y flwyddyn 1782, fod y Cherokee Indians yn blino y sefydlwyr yn anghyffredin yu yr adeg hono, ap i Llywodr;K*tljwr Sevier^ w^di pnodj Cymraeis, henderfynu darostwng y llwyth gwrth- ( ryfelgar hwn a gorehfvgwyd hwy, a daliwyd eu penaeth a llawer eraill. Yn mhen tymhor ymwelodd y llywodraethwr a'r carchar lie yr oedd y Pena«th Indiaidd, a gosododd o'i flaen amryw ofyniadau. A c.id ef yn gwybod am Indiaid Gwynion yn y wlad ? Ateboda iddo glywed ei dad yn adrodd beth oedd ei deidiau yn ddwevd am yr Indiaid Gwvnion, #u bod yn hynod gywrain fel adeilad wyr amadiffynfeydd a mnriau celyd a chryfion, ac yn bobl ddiwyd a hedd- ychol, ao yn siarad rhyw iaith oeddent yn alw Cymraeg arni; a'n bod wedi croesi y Dyfroodd Mawrion a thirio vn agos i wddf yr afon Alabama, ond wedi myned i ranau mewnol y wlad. Eto, ceir adroddiad gan y Llywodraethwr Din- widdie, oedd yn governor a'r Dalaeth Virginia yn y flwyddyn 1753, fod Llywodraethwr Canada yr adeg hono ar ymweliad ag ef wedi clywed wrtho fod llawer o bobl yn Canada oedd yn cael eu galw yn Indiaid Cymreig, y nifer luosocaf yn byw ar lanau afon Sant Lawrence; a'u bod yn siarad yr iaith Gymraeg, a chanddynt lawer o law-ysgrifau yn cynwys hanes y genedl a phethau eraill. Yn y flwyddyn 1759 cawn hanes arall gan un Morgan Lewis, Cymro a fu yn llywodraethwr Talaeth New York wedi hyny. Ei fod wedi ei gymeryd yn garcharor yn amser ryfel Ffraiuc a Llocgr yn Canada, a hod llawer o Indiaid yn garcharorion yno hefyd, ac i Mr. Lewis ddeall mai Cymry oeddent, a siaradodd lawer a hwy yn yr iaith Gymraeg er ei syudod, er eu hod wedi llygru ac Indianeiddio llawer ar eiriau Cymreig. Y mae yr hanesydd Indiaidd enwog, Mr. George Catlin, yr hwn sydid wedi gwneyd oes o aatudiaeth galed er cael allan darddiad neu ddechieuady llwythau Indiaidd a'r Gyfandir America, yn dweyd ei fod ef wedi cael y fath nifer o brofion amlwg wrth ymdroi yn mysg y dynion cochion, fel y mae ef yn 11 wyr gredu mai rhan o fintai Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd yw y llwyth Indiaidd a elwir Mandan Indians, sydd yn trigianu yn bresenol tua South Dakota a glanau uchaf yr afon Missouri y maent o fantioli cyffredin, vn fwy goleu eu croen, ac yn hynod foneddigaidd eu nymddygiad. Dywed yr un awdwr eto fod graddau o sicrwydd i longau Madoc, rai o honynt, dirio tua glanau Florida, pen isaf y Cyfandir, a'u bod yn cael eu blino yn ami gan rai oedd yn lladron ar y moroedd, nes peri iddynt fyned i ranau mewnol y wlad a chael llonyddwch. Eto, y mae Mr. Catlin yn dweyd mai llygriad o'r enw Madawgys yw yr enw Mandans ac mai Cymry a ymfudodd yno ar ol mintai Madoc, ddechreuodd eu galw yn Madawgys, o herwydd eu hod yn anrhydeddu cymaint aV Dywysog Gwynedd; y mae esgym uchaf boch-gernau y llwyth hwn fel eiddo y Sais a'r Cymro, nid fel y ceir yn yr holl Iwythau Indiaidd, yr esgyrn yn uchel. Dywed fod gwallt a llygaid y llwyth hwn yn amrywio mewn Iliw fel y mae eiddo y Cymry, ac nid fel gwallt yr Indiaid yn grych ddu; y maent yn hoff o gadw harfau hirion, nid eu tori a'u cyllell yn fyr fel y gwna y llwythau eraill. Adeiladant eu tai o gerig a phriddfeini yn gyffredin, pan y mae yr holl Iwythau eraill yn byw mewn pebyll o canvas a phridd a'r cyffelyb; ac y mae hanes eu crefydd yn adiymwad brofi mai wedi llygru y maent, gan eu bod yn byw allan o'r byd gwaraidd; ac mae Crist'nogaeth, fel y gosodir hi allan yn y Beibl, oedd eu hunig ffurf-wedd grefyddol yn y dechreu. Hefyd, y mae holl seiniau iaith y llwyth hwn fel eiddo y Gymraeg, a thorfyna yr awdwr hwn, yn y iaith gryf%f, ei fod ef yn sicr yn ei feddwl ei hun mai disgynyddion Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd ydynt. Eilwaith, yn y flwyddyn 1820, ymweloddy dysgedig Dr. Morse, Ddinaa New York, n'r llwythau Indiaidd oedd yn y gorllewin, a chafodd gandiynt fel gwir- ionedd fod eu hen deidiau, oedd yn byw yn y flwyddyn 1781, wedi elywed y milwyr Cymreig oedd gan Prydain y pryd hwnw yn Amddiffynfa Chartres yn siarad Cymraeg a'r Mandan Indians, gan sicrhau y Doctor mai disgynyddion or genedl Gymreig ydoedd y Mandan Indians. Y mae miloodd o Americaniaid ac eraill sydd yn chwilio i mewn i deithi gwahanol ieithoedd y llwythau Indiaidd, yn dweyd fod olion mnlwg o ddylanwad seiniol a ffurf acenol yr iaith Gymraeg, fel gwaed byw drwy wythienau elfenol eu tafod- ieitheedd, fel enwau llwythan, personau, Ileoedd, afonydd, eof-arwyddion teuluaidd, cof-adeiladau, cof-feddrodau addurnol, a'r cyffelyb. Eto, yn y flwyddyn 1683, cyhoeddodd y teithiwr enwog, Syr Thomas Herbert, daflen faith o'r tebyg- eiriau sydd yn nhafod-ieithoedd Indiaid y Cyfanrlir- i eiriadaeth yr iaitb Gymraeg fel eu gwreiddiau a'u dechreuad. Y mae y daflen yn rhy faith i'w gosod ger bron yn bresenol, gyda ohrybwyll un dosbarth o enwau wedi eu IIygru, fel Mandans o'r enw Madawgys, Mattox o'r enw Mattoc, a Mattoc o'r enw gwreiddiol y gwir enw Madoc. Wrth edrych dros yr holl dystiolaeth a aodwyd, a hyny ar wahanol adegau a than wahanol amgylch- iadau, yr ydym yn hawlio, ar dir profion a ffeithiau, Bad oes anmheuaeth yn eu cylch, luaws o honynt na chafodd ein cyd-drefwr parchus a'r lienor dysgedig, y diweddar Mr. Thomas Stephens, un fantais i ddod o hyd gafael iddynt yn ei amser ef, ond sydd erbyn hyn wedi eu cael ar ol gorwedd yn guddiedig fel hynaf- iaethau, gan y naiil genedlaeth ar ol y Hall neu buasai Mr. Stephens nid yn gwadu y ffaitn fel gwirionedd wedi ei brofi, pe buasai wedi eu cael mown amser eyfaddas. Ac wrth derfynu yr ydym yn llwyr gredu mai y Tywysog Cymreig, Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd, a ddarganfyddodd y Cyfandir Americanaidd gyntaf, a hyny yn y flwyddyn 1170. A.D. a choroner coffad- wriaeth v Cymro gwrol-frydig hwnw, a'r anrhydedd sydd yn ddyledus iddo. Y gwir yn erbyn y byd."

CHILDREN LEAVING SCHOOL. ADDRESS BY MR. C. H. JAMES, J.P. On Saturday evening Mr. C. H. James, J.P., pre- sided over a prize distribution meeting at the Peny- darren Schools, a report of which will be found in another column. He delivered the following address on the occasion The 8th triennial report of our School Board just issued may give me some material for a few remarks to you on education in Merthyr. I do not purpose to enter into any controversial matters this evening, but to call your attention more particu- larly to the education of our young people after they have left our elementary schools. And I note here that Mr. Stephens, who has so carefully told the story of our work for the last three years in his report, has found, as an appropriate motto for it, the following extract from Addison I consider a human soul without education like marble in the quarry, which shows none of its inherent beauties until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colours, makes the sur- face shine, and discovers every ornamental cloud, spot, and vein that runs through the body of it. Education, after the same manner, when it works upon a noble mind, draws out to view every latent virtue and perfection which, without "uch help, are never able to make their appearance." I may, however, venture to say that Addison'a words require to be qualified. We are not all formed of marble, and I fear in many cases no polishing will bring out all the beauties of which Addison speaks. But if not made of marble, we may have some granite, some sandstone or limestone, or even clay in our composition, and education, if it does its work aright, will reveal beauties and develop qualities even in these baser substances that otherwise would lie dor- mant, and that might be used perhaps to lower the man rather than raise him to a better and higher position. I note from the above report that in October last we had 10,000 children in our Board schools in Merthyr, and it is from these 10,000 children that wo may expect in a few years to get our future attendants at our evening schools and art and science classes, if such exist. Now you will find on page 9 the ages of these 10,000 children, and I think the figures are worth not- ing :— Number under 4 N-cars of age 447 5 856 6 1058 7 „ 1166 3 „ 1064 0 „ 1005 10 „ 1049 11 „ 929 12 „ 892 13 „ 538 14 „ 18.4 15 „ 86 Total 9241 You will note that from six to eleven we have practically 1,000 children in each year of age, but after twenty the attendance falls off very rapidly indeed. Thus between twelve and thirteen we have only 538 from thirteen to fourteen only 184; and over fourteen only eighty-six. This certainly seems to me a very undesirable state of things, and surely someone is to blame when we find so great a falling off in attendance as is shown in the table. In'the first place I.cannot but blame the parents who, in so many cases, anxious to see their children earning wages, altogether overlook the fact that it is only when their boys and girls reach the age of from .twelve to thirteen that they begin to realize what education is,$nd what it can do for them. Poverty is constantly urged as a plea, and generally with success, as a reason why the children should leave school at such an early age; but parents scarcely realize that every child tnus sent to work only tends to lower the general wage rate, and thus to reduce their own wages. Then, too, I think blame must be borne by our School Board members themselves (including myself). I have, I think, attended the School Attendance Committee with fair regularity, and I know how difficult it is to resist the appeals made by parents on the score of poverty and illness; but I still think we, too often, err on the side of leniency, and that while we think we are doing a true kindness to the parents, we may, at the same time, be really punishing the child. To me it seems impossible that a boy or girl can ever hope to receive anything worthy of the name of education, who is content 3imply to have gone through the necessary standards at an elementary school, unless he has had implanted in him a noble discontent, a feeling that the little he has already learnt is but a stepping stone to something far beyond, unless he or she has learnt to learn and begun to realise how little progress they have as yet made on the road to some- thing higher and better. And yet, how many leave our elementary schools lacking altogether any such feeling] Indeed I feat ninety per (ient. at least do so, for if it were otherwise we should have a much larger attendance at these classes. Our evenin~ schools, instead of lieing a comparative failure, would be a success, and the future citizens of our town aud country would be a far in on* educated clasi than I fear they will be. Between the age of thirteen and twenty we ou"-ht to have, say, 7,000 young people in our School Board District, and if vye strike off say half as engaged in household duties—young girls—we have, say, 3,500 left from whom we might fairly expect to till our evemngclasse-i, &c.; andiftheyhadleft our elementary schools with the feelings I have just spoken of a large proportion of them would be there. But I regret to say that, in 1893-94, although we opened Evenin<T Continuation Schools at Dowlais, Gellifaelo-* pen\" .darren, Twynyrodyn, Abermorlais, Abei'canaid, lioedyrlpw, Merthyr ale, and Treharris, the total number on tlio register was only 1,142 and even they only gave an average attendance of 360. This winter, I am sorry to say, the figures are less. A^ain ill the Art and Science Classes 1893 and 1394° the total number registered was 550 with an erygo'attendance of 33C. rJ'he;« are, pvr|iaps, nut insults to be piyud of, nud one naturally asks, how can they be mended ? Are the Board and the teachers to blame ? Do they fail to properly meet the wants of the young people ? Are the subjects taught euch as they require ? I fancy this is not where we are to find tne true cause but it is rather to he found in the fact that such a large proportion of our children leave our schools practi- cally uneducated, and with no taste or desire for any further education. As long as this is the case, how can we expect to fill our evening classes, our inter- mediate schools, and our colleges ? I am inclined at times to think we have made too much haste, and that we have so far failed to understand that the truest wisdom is often to make haste slowly. I am inclined to doubt whether it wr uld not have been wiser, before we started our colleges and intermediate schools in Wales, assuming that the one is simply a step in the ladder to the next, that we took care, as far as it could be done, that the education in our elementary schools should be carried further than it is. I do not mean in number of subjects, for I rather fear myself that there is a tendency to overdo them, but rather in the time the children should be in school. What really good results can you expect in nine cases out of ten when the child leaves school at such an early age, and further, when the home surroundings of so many of them are such as they are ? I would suggest that the first step is for the State to step in, and say that all its children shall, for the future, have such a period of school-life as will enable our teachers to turn them out into the world, if not educated, at any rate imbued with a desire to educate themselves, and thus raise themselves higher on the ladder they have began to mount. It is, I know, the custom for preachers with small congregations to blame those present for the sins of those who are absent. I am afraid I am doing this, this evening. You who have won prizes, and those who have tried to win them and failed, are not thus to be blamed. You have, I believe, learnt and are still, I hope, learning how little you know and how much there is still for you to learn. You have doubt- less learnt the old truth that the wise man's education never ends. What you have done and are doing I should like to see more young people doing, and if this were so, what a different Merthyr we should have in a very few years It is my fortune to see something of what I may call the seamy side of life in this town, and it is a very very sad one. I will not be bold enough to say that education of itself is an absolute preventative of drunkenness, crime and poverty but I think I may safely say that if I wanted to trace out and find what has become of the old members of our arts and science classes and evening schools I should not look for them in the police-court. One word to our teachers and our Board. At times, when we look back at work done antl efforts and sacrifices made, we are apt to he disheartened and cast down but we must remember that we see but little of the harvest. God's mill grinds slowly but very surely, and we may be confident that, if good work is done, and efforts made, the harvest will surely follow.

ALLEGED LIBEL AT DOWLAIS. EVAN GEORGE V. RICHARD WILLIAMS. An interesting case of alleged libel was brought before Mr. W. M. North and Mr. C. H. James at the Merthyr Police-court on Monday, when Mr. Evan George, insurance agent, residing at 10, Graig-terrace, eharged his brother-in-law, Richard Williams, a blacksmith of Penydarren, with an alleged libel. Mr. D. W. Jones, solicitor, Merthyr and Dowlais, prose- cuted, and Mr. Beddoe defended. Mr. D. W. Jones, in opening the case, said that he thought that that was the first case of libel ever taken in that court, Defendant was charged with having published a defamatory libel on 6tn January last. The prosecutor had resided at Dowlais about 35 years. For some time past he had been an insurance agent under the London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow Insurance Com- pany. Defendant was a blacksmith residing at Penydarren. Prosecutor was married to defendant's sister, so that it was more or less a family matter. It appeared that defendant's mother, Mrs. Williams, formerly carried on business as a greengrocer in Union-street, Dowlais. She was a lady of consider- able age, and last June decided to sell up her business on that account. The business was sold in June, and she went to resida with the prosecutor, Mr. George. She divided the greater portion of her furniture among her three sons, of whom defendant was one. Whether or not defendant was under the impression that he had not received a fair share he (Mr. Jones) did not know, but ever since he had uttered the most defamatory and libellous slanders concerning Mr. George. Prosecutor had received something like 20 postcards and letters on which were written most scandalous accusations. A great number of them had been destroyed, but ultimately about the end of December, or the beginning of January, Mr. George decided to take proceedings. On the 29th December a writ was served upon defendant. Since defendant was served with that writ Mr. George received a postcard, and that was the postcard upon which the proceedings were taken. It read as follows :— 132, High-street, Penydarren. Evan George Your form from Mr. D. W. Jones that you may take an action for libel and slander against me at the London Court. I will be very glad as I want to prove you to be a devil garbed in angel's dress, it is for your sister's sake I have kept my toung so long quiet as she is now a widow, but I will prove what I said that the sofa was made in the library. I have plenty of witnesses to prove what I say, and you shall prove about the bastards can you get a lone of more money. You can't on the house because J. Vaughan as given you all that you can get and no one else will trust you. RICHABD. It was difficult to find a better way of publishing a libel than by means of a post card. What he (Mr. Jones) had to prove was, first of all, that the matter contained in the wst card was, on the face of it, libellous. Sc-condfy, to bring the publication home to defendant so far as to justify him being put upon his trial. Mr. Jones having quoted Stephens' definition of libel, went on to say that the postcard contained a. suggestion that thesofawasnot obtained inaproperway The phrase, a devil garbed in angels dress," tended to make the prosecutor look ridiculous, and to hold him up to public contempt. It had been held that a postcard was not privileged, because it might be in- spected by any servant of the P.O. He (Mr. Jones) was going to prove that the defendant was respon- sible for the postcard, and if he proved that and satis- fied their worships on that point, then it would lie their worships' duty to send the ca«e for trial. Mr. Jones then called Evan George, the prosecutor, who said he lived at 10, Graig-terrace, Dowlais. Defendant was his brother in-law. Witness was a deacon of Ileruion Chapel, and defendant was also a member there. In June last his mother-in-law, Mrs. Williams, gave up (business on account of her age. Mr. Beddoe submitted that this was irrelevant. He was there to answer a specific charge of a certain postcard. Mr. Jones said he was leading up to it, and promised to do it as shortly as ho could. Witness then pro- ceeded. Mis. Williams divided her furniture between her three sons, of whom the defendant was one. After that she lived with witness for some time, coming there on the 14th of June. He received froin time to time several postcards from defendant. Mr. Beddoe ayked his friend to proceed in a more regular manner. Mr. Jones replied that it had been decided that pievious libels might be introduced, but not subsequent ones. Witness, continuing, said that at the end of December he issued a writ for libel and slander, and it was served on Saturday, 29th December. On Sun- day, after the writ was served, he was in chapel. Mr. Joins; Did you see the writ in chapel ?—Mr. Beddoe: You are not going to bring the chapel into disgrace, I hope.—Mr. Jones: I am going to show you how contemptuously the defendant acted. Witness proceeding, said the writ was produced by defendant, and passed to George Davies, the leader of the singing. On the 6th of January he received a post- card signed by defendant. The postcard was addressed —"132, High-street, Penydarren," which was defen- dant's residence. He could swear to the signature. The words written on the top, no one will trust you, &c. were in defendant's writing. The words, the sofa was made in the library," were meant to convey that the sofa was made out of the Dowlais Iron Company's timber. Mr. Beddoe He cannot prove that.—Mr. Jones Who can then?—Mr. North It is an inuendo. Witness proceeding, said that the library alluded to, really meant the Dowlais Library, and it was intended to make allusion to two sofa" that were made there 24 years ago. He had never borrowed money from Mr. Vaughan. There was a reference in the postcard aliout a bastard, but he did not know what that meant. The postcard was delivered at the house by John Powell, a. letter carrier in Dowlais. He remembered receiving another postcard on the 16th December. This was addressed to him at "Thimble Cottage," and ran as folloin-s Hermon Chapel, Dowlais. Mr. George and Boys,—We held on Tnutsdav a committee have decided we will join to perform Alba baba and the forty thieves, instead of cantata, Joseph as you are capable of acting thieves so well as a family. I have known you for the last 10 or 12 years, and you have done well. First the chief, he escaped by other, and coming to the rescue the 2nd he ran away the chief found him and restored him to his parents, lastly the deacon and mistress a chalon dyner Tom stole all complete and all from Union-street. AN ISBAKLITE. He could not swear to the hand-writing. On the 15th of December he received another, the writing in which he believed was in the hand of the defendant's son. Mr. Beddoe objected to this postcard beinjj handed in.—Mr, Jones: If I can prove agency, I suggest that these cards must go in. The defendant is an illiterate man, and there is the presumption that the defendant got somebody else to write the first cards for him. The son is only a youth of 16 or 17 years, and I can prove that this very son has been writing letters previous to this, which shows that he was act- ing as agent to the father then. And you can draw an inference from that that he was still as agent for his father.—The Stipendiary stated that he could nut take it until Mr. Jones had proved the agency. Mr. Jones said that could only be done by surrounding circumstances, and he would put in some other letters which were written by the son acting as agent for the father. -The Stipendiary held that this would not prove that the t-on had acted as the father's agent when ho wrote these postcard?, if ho had written them.—Mr. Jones Theu it comes to this, that anybody can employ another man to write a libel. Here are a great number of postcards, men- tioning, in most of them, similar matters most of them are pasted in Dowlais, and some of them are in the same handwriting. It has been held that, if a man publishes a libel written by somebody else lie is liable. For instance, a printer, or even a machinist, can be prosecuted and found equally guilty in law with the man who wrote the libel.—The Stipcndiary ruled that the third post-card could not be put in as evidence. In reply to further questions witness said that so far he had abandoned the civil proceedings except that for slander, as he did not want to send defen- dant to prmou.—Crosb examined by Mr. Beddoe, witness said he had nut taken anything from defen- dant's house. His mother had come to live with the complainant, and had brought some furniture with her. Defcudiint theu came to witness7 house, «\nd threatened to blow the house up. Whatever differences had taken place had occurred in conse- quence of the furniture. He had signed hie name and written a letter. He swore that the defendant oould write Richard." He would swear that the words can get, and no one else will trust you" on the postcard were the only words in the defendant's handwriting. Witness further said that Mr. John Vaughan had prepared the assignment of his house. He did not borrow money from Mr. Vaughan. John Powell, was the next witness called, and said he was a letter carrier. He delivered letters in the neighbourhood of Graig-terrace, Dowlais, and remem- bered delivering the postcards. His attention was called to the words Thimble Cottage." The postcards were posted at Dowlais, and could be seen by any official in the post-office. Richard Williams said he lived at Penydarren, and was the son of the defendant. He had not often been accustomed to write letters on behalf of the defen- dant. He had not written the letter (produced), and could not say who did. On one letter were the words Written by your illustrious nephew, for his father, your brother Richard." He had written letters for his father, but not in connection with the dispute. Witness denied having written one of a number of letters and postcards produced by Mr. J ones. He had not written for his father to Mr. George. Mr. Beddoe, addressing the Bench for the defence, contended that no case had been made out. In a criminal case like that there must be positive proof that the postcards had been written by the defendant, or someone acting under his authority. Even if this could be proved the postcard only said that com- plainant bad borrowed money from Mr. John Vaughan. There was no discredit or disgrace, be submitted, in that. But there was no evidence that any part of the postcard was in the handwriting of defendant, except some words at the top of one of them. It might be possible that some member of the family had written it, but before their wor- shim could send the man for trial they must' find that the defendant had been a party to it. It had also been held that it was for the justices to determine whether the postcards contained any libel at all. He submitted that there was nothing libellous in those postcards, for the complainant had not been exposed to ridicule, disgrace, or contempt. He asked them to carefully consider whether the complainant had suffered, and if so, whether the publication had been so far brought home to the defendant that he should be put upon his trial. It was simply a family f-quabble, and an action for slander amongst a family had been held by Lord Chief Justice Coleridge to be no libel. There was no necessity to issue criminal proceedings, and the defendant had treated the service of the writ with utter contempt, and he (Mr. Beddoe) believed it would be most injudioious to send this man to stand his trial before a jury. The Bench decided that the defendant should be committed to stand his trial at the next Assizes, but he was admitted to a bail of j625, upon his own recog- nisances.

ARTHUR LINTON. We understand that Mr. Arthur Linton, the cham- pion cyclist of the world, wa« unable to meet Cody at Brussels as stated in the Merthyr Times a fortnight ago. The Societie de Paris refused to give Mr. Linton a peralit, and had he rated in spite of them the society would have disqualified him from riding iH races in France. The society also prevented a triplet race between Cody and three noted cyclists. Arthur is getting into good form for the 24 hours' race at Paris on the 30th inst.

THE ROADS IN DOWLAIS COLLIERIES. I A general meeting of the South Wales Institute of Engineers took place at Park-plaoe, Cardiff, on Thurs- day afternoon, under the presidency of Mr. Arthur J. Stevens. A discussion took place on Jordan's tipping coal screen," and Mr. Robert Jordan replied to some of the criticism made on his paper at the last meeting. In the course of the discussion Mr. H. W. Martin, of Dowlais, stated that he proposed to increase the width of the roads in the colliery. The probabil- ity was that the hours of working might get shorter, and what they had to consider was how to get up a very largo quantity in a short time. At present the underground roads at Dowlais were 2ft. llin. in width, and he proposed increasing the width to width, and he proposed increasing the width to 3ft. 2in., and have suitable trams made for carrying Oil an average at least two tons. The discussion was adjourned.

A TREAT TO ABERDARE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL CHILDREN. Through the kindness of Mr. Arthur Rosebeiv (the proprietor) the children of the Aberdare Indus- trial School were admitted into the afternoon perfor- mance of Little Red Riding Hood," at the Temperance Hall, on the 16th inst., free of charge. The little ones enjoyed themselves immensely, and were delighted with the excellent entertainment. On the return to the school each child was presented with a tasty bun and a few sweets, which were very generously supplied by Mrs. Williams, of the Black Lion Hotel. Mr. D. Tudor Williams, and Mr. Thomas Thomas, two of the guardians were present and assisted Mr. Atkinson (the master) aud his staff in the distribution. At the close hearty cheers were given for Mrs. Williams, Mr. Rasebery, and the two guardians. If a few more Aberdarians would follow given for Mrs. Williams, Mr. Rasebery, and the two guardians. If a few more Aberdarians would follow this example the young days oi the poor children would be made much happier, although Mr. Atkinson now does all in his power to make them jolly and comfortable.

THE •< RAILWAY REVIEW AND THE "MERTHYR TIMES." We quote the following from the fr'H'crt;/ Ruinr 'I (the well-known organ of railway nir-ii) for January 18 :—There is no wonder that the able editor of the Merthi/r Times has won such golden opinions from the organised railwaymeu of the district, for his pen i3 constantly wielded on their behalf. Here is a sample At the railwavmen's conference at Treharris it was At the railwavmen's conference at Treharris it was alleped that the Great Western Railway Compnny were in the habit of iefusing leave 'of absence to dele- gates to attend the conference of the A.S.R.S. Instances of such refusals were given. We hope the directors will investigate the matter. If they can clear themselves cr their officials from this serious charge, they should certainly do so. It is nothing less than cruel tyranny to prevent the chosen delegates from carrying out the duties imposed upon them by their fellow-workmen. All friends of labour will rejoice to see the A.S.R.S. is in so flourishing a con- dition. The Treharris conference and mass meeting were a gre'it success, !>oth in attendance ot deleirates and enthusiasm. Every railway employe, whatever be his grade, may rest assured that he cannot do better than join this society forthwith." There is no crack in the ritlg of this it is genuine gold. More power to him, say we,

MERTHYR LICENSED VICTUALLERS ASSOCIATION. On Thursday afternoon last the annual meeting of the above association was the Corner House, Penry- street. Mr. E. D. Evans (president) occupied the chair, and Mr. W. Phillip, White Horse Inn, the vice-chair. There was a very large attendance of meml>ers, and the annual report was read by Mr. M. Griffiths, secretary. The report showed that the iucrease of members during the year was 39, and that in all departments the association has been very successful. The next business was the election of a president for the ensuing year. Mr. Evans was pressed to remain in office, but he declined the offer on thegroundthathehad occupied the chair for two years and thought it was ti me togi ve way tosomeoneelse. On f the proposition of Mr. Griffiths, Taff Vale Brewery, t seconded by Mr. D. Daviee, Corner House, Dowlais, 1 and supported by Mr. Thomas Morris (Pontycapel), a Mr. Rowlands (Volunteer Inn), Mr. Price (Sew Jun, s Penydarren), and Mr. Short (L'r^s Keys, Dowlais), a I a hearty vote of thanks was passed to the retiring presi- dent, Mr. Phillips the vice-chairman was proposed as president, but he declined the post. Mr. Griffiths proposed that Mr. Dan Thomas oe elected and Mr. Short seconded, the motion lieing carried with loud applause. Mr. Thomas briefly returned thanks, c after which Mr. P. Mansfield (Kings Head Inn, ] Dowlais), was elected as Vice-chairman Mr. T. Morris was re-elected treasurer, and Mr. J. W. l^ewis was again asked to act as solicitor for the association. i The usual routine business was then transacted. T

THE TREHARRIS COLLIERY CASE. I I THE STIPENDIARY'S JUDGMENT. The Stipendiary, Mr. North, delivered judgment 1 at the Merthyr Police Court on Monday in the colliery case of Gibbon v, Phillips, which was reported in our last issue. Before he did so hp desired to state that Mr. C. H. James, wlip un the Bench when the case was heard, did Bqt'take'any f>art therein because he was interested in certain col- ieries. The learned Stipendiary then gave his judgment as follows The e^e for the prosecutor presented to the Court at the former hearing was that all overhanging coal required propping, aud that was the broad point which the formerCourthad to decide. It was then decided that this contention of the prose- cution was wrong, and that the defendant hud discre- tion and exercised it, and as he had done so, the summons must be dismissed. Had the Court yhen found for or against as to the necessity of siiva jgiiig, that would have been a matter c\f fact, and no case l could have been granted. The justices granted a case 5 on the broad point—" Must all overhanging coal be 1 propped ?" They having decided that it need not, the Court of Apj>eal have decided in the same way. They have decided that there is a discretion, and have decided^ the point at issue in favour of the defendant. N^w, the Court of Appeal has decided f the pont. I Ime to-day to say—" Did the defeidaBs. (having had the discretion given him by tVmrt of Appeal) exercise that discretion properly V' I think he did, as the evidence of eve,y witness who saw the place, with the exception nf the first witness for the prosecution went to prove (as did the -tate of the coal two days afterwards) that at the time in question it was not necessary that the coal should be propped, i The summons is, therefore, dismissed, but I hope colliers will not rashly think that thev may now leave any coal unspragged with iii punity. They must rememlier that they have discretion, but that that discretion must ba caretully used. They must also remember that when directed by an official to spryg, I they must at once do it, as !x>th official ai>4 eoiljer has a discretion. It must be borne in wind that each ] case must be decided by its owr\ tw-Vmiytauces, j

I What these spoiled hands arc caused by Washing O&v 1 surprised, get MATCHLESS CLEA>'5&» ;ii once, I prav. | r. I \R A 1>K,S M 1 £ VS BiHiisads, Memos Handbills, l.a.t>J, Window fto., done in beet stvlc and with dpspat- h at (he TIMLS PRHsTrXG MOKKS, Jonx STREET. MBIITJITR JJs imaUs iõÎyen for all kinds of iToTX. 4 THESE WILL CUBE YOU." Only those who have tried the effects of HUGHES'S BLOOD PILLS Can believe what wonderful cures they accomplish. All who are sick and ill, sluggish, heavy feeling, tired in mind and body, with a bad complexion, and a never absent disagreeable taste in the mouth, ought to know that the Remedy called HUGHES'S BLOOD PILLS Will remove all these bad symptoms, and then aid in building up a strong and robust constitution. building up a strong and robust constitution. EVERY CASE I KINOW BLOOD HA YE MORE GOOD T HAK AXY" THING ELSE. )f\ FOR BOTH SEXES HUGHESS BLOOD PILLS Purify the Blood, Clear the Skin, Strengthen the Nerves, Remove Dyspepsia and Indigestion, Revive e the Liver, Cure Headache, Skin Rasn, Rheumatism, Constipation. II THEY CURE WHEN EVERYTHING ELSE FAILS. Call at my Chemist or dealer in Patent Medicine, and get a Box with the shape of a heart on. They are sold at Is. lld., 2s. 9d., 4s. fed. or send direct, enclosing Is. 3d., 2s. lid., or 4s. 9d., to Maker- JACOB HUGHES, MANUFACTURING CHEMIST, PENARTH. ASK FOR HUGHES'S BLOOD PILLS, WITH THE SHAPE OF A HEART NONE ARE GENUINE WITHOUT IT. GOMERIS BALM THE SURPRISING HEALER Of Wounds, Sores, Ulcers on Feet, Neck. Head, Erysipelas, Cut", Burns, Sore Brea-sts and Nipples, Skin Eruptions, Bed Sores, Boils, Gatherings, Eczema. POSITIVE CURE for Skin Disease, Breakings out in Children's Heads. Neck, Face. Ears, &c., Tender Feet, Galling or Chaffing, Piles, Sunburns, Chapped Hands, Chilblains, Sore Eyes and Eyelids, Scurvy, Bruises, Ringworm, Inflamed Bunions and Convj, Gout, Rheumatism, Stiff Joints, ke., Ac. THIS BALM is most singular and prompt in its action. Every external disease that the human body is subject to at once gives way to its great curative virtues. IT IS NOTED in^ relieving all pain and s^rjness •when applied to Wounds, Sores, Ulcers, Erysipelas, Gout, Piles, Sore Eyes, or any inflammatory parts of the body, cooling and allaying all Irritatiou, softening and reducing hard Swellings, relieving Rheumatic Pain, and making pliable Stiff Joints. IT IS HAMMLK8S AND EAST OF APPLICATION. TRY IT. CURE IS CERTAIN. Ask for a Box from your Chemist or Dealer in Patent Medicine. Sold at is. lid.. 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d. by post free, Is. 3d., 2s. lid., 4s. 9d., from JACOB HUGHES, MANUFACTURING CHEMIST, PENARTH. I EADE' SGOUT & D HEUMATIC PILLS THE FIRST TWO PILLS TOOK THE PAIN AWAY. Ij^ADE S TDILLS. 2, College Park Villas, Ken- J- sal Green, London, W. TRADE'S T>ILLS. May, 1891. „ JL Dear Sir,—I feel it my duty TR ADE S 13ILLS. to tell you I had Rheumatic J- Gout once, and had to stop ltt honw for three weeks. I cannot descri'oe the pain [ suffered. I read your advertisement, and looked upon it as all others. A brother signalman said, Try them." I did so. THE FIRST TWO PILLS TOOK THE PAIN AWAY in a few houra, and I was able to resume my work. No one need be frightened to take them. I have re- GOUT commended .them to all whom I have heard complaining of 13 HEU MATISM Rheumatism. Gout,Lumbago, 13 HEU MATISM Rheumatism. Gout,Lumbago, -i-V* Neuralgia, &c. I hope no one GOUT will doubt my statement. Yours sincerely, RHEUMATISM JAS. PETTENGALL. R Mr. G. Eade. JgADES £ JOUT& R HEUl\L\ TIC TRILLS Prepared only by George Eade, 72, Goswell Road, London, E.C. and Sold by all Chemists in Bottles, Is. lid. and 2s. 9d. J^ADESQOUT& D HEUMATIC pILLS THE BEST MEDICINE FOR BILE. THE BEST MEDICINE FOR WIND. ¡ THE BEST MEDICINE FOR INDIGESTION IS JgADES ^NTIBILIOUS TRILLS. They quickly remove the irritation and feverish I tatt of the Stomach, correct the morbid condition of he Liver, relieve the system of all impurities, which, ¡ >y circulating jn the blood, injuriously affect the iction of the Kidneys, and. by remo\ ing the causes o much discomfort, restore the vital energies of body o much discomfort, restore the vital energies of body md mind. E ADE'S ^NTIBILIOUS JpiLLS. Sold by all Chemists in Boxes, L. Hd. and 2s. 9d., ¡ >r mailed Free on reoeiut of remittance bv GEORGE 5ADE, 72. GO-SWELL ROAD, LONDON, E'.C. ADE'S ^NTIBILIOUS pILLS. I 102-435 I THOMSONS "CLOVE-HTXIKG" CORSET. ¡ PERFECTION Sold by all Dra^r?. One Million Fairs Annually. 15 2^' it. E.C., giving siieo, and jiiclonng P.O.O., and the Corset will at once be sent I •ou. IV. S. THOMSON & COMPANY, LIMITED, MANUFACTURERS. I Made in Lei>grhs, 13, 14, and 15 inches. j A Stock of these UOlJd Vahte Corsets afcays i AI hand at Messrs. J. F-. DAVIKS &. Co., Temple of ''ashion, High street, Merthyr. [147-302 THE TREDEGAR HA11U>KE&S1NG ANi» I SHAVING SALOON MORGAN STREET (Opposite the Temperance Hall). I'Rorr.iETUK MEREDITH REES PHILLIPS. MAIKDKESbING in all jt: Departmvnta by a LkMnpetent Hand, Every Description of FANCY TOBACCOS and DIG A RS of the Choicest Brandë. SMO.KEKS' ACCESSORIES of t>\ try kind keut ) m Stock. [157. i ————————- WHAT CONSTITUTES HAPPINESS ? THE REPLY OF PLATO WAS "FREEDOM FROM PAIN." Then win arc people unhappy when they nave within their reach a pain-vanisher like George's Chloro-Nervine For Neuralgia, Faceacbc, Toothache, Tic. Doloreux, and other painful affections of the Nerves, there is no more certain cure than George's Chloro-Nervine Hundreds of peoj Ie have learned to recognise its value. 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