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NOTICE TO CORRESPON DENTS.
NOTICE TO CORRESPON DENTS. We beg that our Correspondents will forward their reports as early in the week as possible, as negligence in this respect causes great inconvenience and compels the omission, frequently, of articles of interest. Whatever is intended for insertion should be authenti- cated by the uame and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of his good faith. Advertisements to ensure insertion should be accompa- nied by a Post-office Order or reference.
NEWSPAPER CIITCTTLATION.
NEWSPAPER CIITCTTLATION. The following extract from the. Parliamentary Return of Stamps for the years 1849 and 1.850 (the last issued) shews the respective circulations of Newspapers published in the Counties of CARMARTHEN and PEMBROKE Pembrokeshire Herald, established 1844 78,700 CARMARTHEN JOURNAL. 1810 75,435 WELSHMAN 1829 75,000
[No title]
OF the many useful measures which will, we have reason to hope, foe intro^uted-^ivthe ensuing Parliament there is one which, we trust, whatever party shall be in power, will be favourably received and calmly discussed. Whether that measure be the one already proposed by the Marquis of Bland- ford, or another of an analgous character, we sin- cerely hope that no bigottedpredilections for the present regime on the une hand, or a spirit of hos- tility and lanatic precipitation on the other, will be allowed to impede or prejudicially influence the decision of a question which demands, perhaps more than any other, the most impartial and the gravest consideration. It is admitted on all hands that the Chuvch needs reform, ond there are none who are more keenly sensible of the fact than Churchmen tbemsetvei); or who are more seriously anxious that the abilities of statesmen, the solemn earnestness of the Church's rulers, the pious ener- gies of the inferior clergy, and the zealous co- operation of the laity, may speedily unite in effect- ing such changes in her internal economy as may be best adapted to develope her usefulness. Doubtless, there are grave difficulties in the way but as the principle is already conceded that re- form is absolutely required, the only question will be as to the modus operandi. The great feature in any measure that may be submitted to the con- sideration of the Legislature must he the unequal distribution of Church property. This glaring in- consistency must stand prominently forward, and be dealt with in a spirit of uncompromising fair- ness and justice. If this be not one of the moxt saiient points to be considered, the great bulk of the clergy, and the laity too, will feel but little in- terest in the matter. Some pretended advances have, it is true, already been made in this direc- tion but they have, for the most part, shown the existence of the most deplorable ignorance as to :he real wants of the Church. One of these is especially remarkable as an instance of Legislative absurdity, A clergyman cannot hold two adjoin- ing livings which are each above £ 100 per annum, nit he can if one is £ 500 and the other £ 99. On what principle such an anomaly as this can be jus- tified we confess we are at a loss to understand. In Wales particularly, where livings are generally so ,nisarably inadequate to the exigencies of the clergy, such an arrangement must operate most in- juriously. Petitions were, at the time of the pa sing of the Act, presented against it from various parts of this diocese. These were, of course, entirely disregarded. The Bishops, who ought to have offered a vigorous opposition, pre- serving (if we remember rightly) the most unac- countable silence on the occasion. The proceed- ings of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in our esti- mation, have also been productive of but very little advantage to the Church at large. immense sums have been appropriated by them to build magnifi- cent palaces and piles stupendous" as episcopal residences and on these and such like valuable embellishments, and additions to the grandeur of the Church, their labours appear to have been principally employed. Whether or not their mis- sion is accomplished we are unable to say. Its object may have been a very excellent one, but the results achieved by it are far from satisfactory, ex- eept to those favoured few who have had the happi- ness of being especially patronised by the Commis- sioners. It is very clear that some more sensible and comprehensive scheme than has hitherto been em- ployed, must be put in practice. The Marquis of Blandford's is a desirable one. as far as it has been generally propounded whether it is practicable or not it is impossible at the present moment to say. We do not imagine that it contemplates the im- mediate abolition of Deaneries and Canonries, but that no similar offices shall exist after the present ones become vacant. The money thus liberated, added to that raised by the reduction of some of the Bishops' incomes, would, after all, form a very inadequate sum to supply the pressing claims of spiritual destitution, or to increase the value of small livings, even if it were solely applied to those purposes; but it is intended to appropriate the larger portion to the establishment of new bishop- rics. Unquestionably, the present Episcopal staff is quite insufficient to discharge the onerous duties imposed upon it, but we think that the Legislature should pause before adding to the number of bishops at least till the more urgent demands of the Church are satisfied. Why not at once render the present subordinate staff more efficient? Why not put into more active operation the organisation which already exists? We have Archdeacons and Rural Deans, whose duties, if partially modified and pro- perly discharged, would secure a system of vigilant superintendence and spiritual watchfulness, that would, we firmly believe, remove the necessity of appointing addtional Bishops. At present these offices, as far as their positive usefulness is con- cerned, are purely nominal. If the Marquis of Blandford succeeds in inducing a favourable recep- tion of his measnre, and the number of Bishops be increased, all we hope is, that the Pastoral nature of the episcopal office will be considered, more than anything else, in the se:ections that may be made. We would not have men appointed whose peculiar organisation prevents them from mingling on terms of affectionate equality with the rest of the clergy and whose distant and retiring habits assume, to the uninitiated, the appearance of pride and lordly hauteur. Nor does the Church require men dis- tinguished only for their great learning, whose studious babits generally render them totally unfit to engage in the more active duties inseparable from the Episcopal Office. Such men are more suited for the cloister than the superintendence of a large Diocese. We want men who can be approached as brothers—as co-presbyters—who, though invested with the most important and ex- alted functions, can uni'e the authority of the Episcopus with the simplicity of the Pastor—who can look upon their incorporation with the Stat as merely fortuitous—not as affording an oppor- tunity of assuming legal dignity, but as a means of infusing pure and protestant truth into the heart of the nation. If we could secure such men, eminent as well for learning and piety, as for the necessary qualifications of activity and zeal, courteous and sympathising, humble and affectionate, as with the Priest so with the Deacon, as with the Rector so with the Curate, encouraging diligence—chastising slothfulness-anxious to rectify abuses and pre- vent scandal-solicitous that justice should he im- partially and fearlessly dealt out to those blots on the surface of the Church's purity, which offend the consciences of Churchmen, and afford matter of merited censure to the enemies of the Church—if we could be supplied with such men as thes^ then indeed we should hail the appointment of actional Bishops as one of the greatest boons that could be conferred on the nation. There is one part of the noble Marquis's measure which we view with some degree of apprehension. We mean that which would intrust the manage- ment of the funds to be raised as above st&ted, to Commissioners. We have already had a taste of the incompetency of these functionaries, and are unwilling that they or others similarly constituted, should have the power again of exhibiting their capricious inconsistencies at the expense of the true interests of the Church. We dread too, lest such an innovation should be followed by still further encroachments on the rights of Church property, and end in its entire alienation. We know there are not wanting those, who would view such a result with the liveliest satisfaction, and who do not seek to disguise their sentiments' on the subject; and we are naturally apprehensive lest the semblance of the concession of a principle should afford a precedent at some future, and perhaps not very remote period, for unlimited spoliation. We are relieved of much misgiving which we might otherwise entertain of the inter- ference of Parliament with the economy of the Church, by the fact that the spirit which actuates the noble promoter of the measure, is of the most friendly nature, and prompted by a sincere wish to unfetter her energies, and increase her efficiency. Under such auspices we feel convinced, that no attempts will be made, at least intentionally, to interfere with the internal authority of the Church, which she is divinely commissioned to exercise in her own non-temporal province. Hers is the responsibility—hers also must be the authority. Let her, to use a common term, be worked through her own principles to any extent-to any excess of labour, but let that which is worked be realty the Church of Christ, and not a Church and State corporation. If in the present connexion of Church and State, Parliamentary interference is necessary to effect those reforms, which the exigencies of the times-the spirit of the age—and the voice of the Clergy and Laity alike require, then let every measure be zealously watched and carefully re- vised, which has for its ostensible object the puri fication of Church abuses, but may contain provisions inimical to her freedom of action. And whilst the Church herself calls upon the legislature to divest her of the incumbrances which shackle her movements, let her demand that under every charge her purely spiritual faculties shall be secured to her intact—that her temporalities shall not be alienated from their legitimate chnnnel— and that all her essential prerogatives shall be duly respected and firmly maintained.
SOUTH WALES RAILWAY.
SOUTH WALES RAILWAY. OUR readers will find below an extract from Herapath's Journal of the 22nd instant, which but too fully confirms the propriety of that grave anxiety which an we expressed a fortnight ago. The tone of part of that article we cannot be expected to admire. National reflections are at best but low bred jokes while on the other hand the pride of an illustrious or even of an ancient ancestry has distinguished great men and mighty nations. And yet it has often proved the case, that those who look back too fondly or too constantly to the memory of the past, are apt to be distanced in the onward race, and to slip backward in the incessant jostle of busy life. Apart, however, from any sneer at Welsh genealo- gies, the article in question is one to which we can- not too strongly call the attention of all persons interested in the real prosperity of Pembrokeshire. The journal from which it is taken is not only very well informed as to Railway proceedings, but has lately been distinguished by its early information on all points connected with the broad guage Lines, so that we may fairly take it to represent the views either of the South Wales or (which might be even more formidable) of the Great Western Company, when it intimates that the effect of the Baron de Rutzen's proceedings, if persisted in and successful, may be the entire abandonment of the Works West of Carmarthen. The experience—forgotten as it seems by some of us-of the stoppage of 1848, leads us to entertain the same apprehension and so far is this from being visionary th#*t orders have actually arrived for the suspension of any land purchases or negociations, a fact which entails the retardation, and may soon enforce the stoppage of the Works now in progress in this county. We can hardly bring ourselves to believe that any Pembrokeshire Landowner will persevere in so sui- cidal a course. What the feeling of the county at large is on the subject, we are perfectly aware, and although at present we but faintly indicate the bent of public opinion, we are very sure that when all the facts of this unhappy case are.fully known, that opinion will not want either an organ or a voice. We are glad that one noble exception to the "sclíishness and want of patriotism" of which Hera- path but too justly comp! -ins, may be cited from our county. The Bishop of St. Davia's, when asked by the South Wales Company, upon what tei nis he would allow thu Company to abandon the land over which the Line was to pass, replied Having received no injury, I require no compensation." In days when the disinteres'e iness ol the Clergy is so common a theme of sarcasm, we cannot ten strongly characterize the contrast between Episcopal and L'jy no'ions of honour, justice, and propriety. The half-formed embankment in Treffgarne Wood may he seen as an ugly beacon at a greater distance than Slebech. Had the South Wales Company met with the fair consideration which they might fully have expected, and which indeed they were actually pro- mised, the works to Fishguard would have been so far advanced by November 1848, that their abandon- ment would have been out of the question. This opposition, it is true, has taken another form—it seeks to compel the purchase of land instead of to prevent the progress of the works till the purchase money has actually been deposited but past ex- perience is not such as to lead the Company to expect, that if the former end is gained the latter hindrance will not re-appear with renewed vigour nor can we blame, though we very deeply regret, the steps they have already taken: In one word, THE ISSUE IS NOW FAIRLY AT STAKE BETWEEN THE GENERAL PROSPERITY OF THE COUNTY, AND THE POSSIBLE (BUT VERY DOUBTFUL) PRIVATE GAINS OF THE SUPPORTERS OF THE ''MANDAMUS." "The difficulties ngiinst which most Railway Companies have to contend in their dealings with owners, lessees, and occupiers of land exhibit an amount of selfishness, and want of patriotism, in very many of these landed gentry, for which tne uniniated in such matters would be quite unpre- pared. In the prosecution of few undertakings have so many obstacles of this nature been interposed as in that of the South Wales Railway Company. ^"Since that period in the Welshman's genealogy when the Deluge caused an obscurity in the family descent, lnnd never was so valuable in the Principality as from the moment that the royal assent had been signified to the South Wales Campany's Act of incorporation. Such land as that which might be supposed to have fed Pharoah's lean kine, was transmuted into the richest pasture. Veins of coal, suf- ficient for the requirement of the world during tfabutous number of years, were discovered just between the Company's limits of deviation and spots for sinking pits, which hdd never been dreamed of before or since the time of the Silures, were found in the very centre of the line of railway. The Britons seemed determined to retaliate this time, and alive to the maxim" igoorrwtia tegis reminem eavusat" proceeded forthwith in the study of the Lands Clauses Act, and faced the enemy. The success of their efforts to retard the pro- gress of the railway, are evidenced by the statements of the Directors and engineers in their respective reports and by the accounts of the manj jury cases which have from time to time appeared in the local papers. Delays, however, are proverbially dangerous, and a consequence of all this litigation was that the gloomy period of distrust which followed railway prosperity found the South Wales Company in such a condition as to be compelled to suspend the works upon a large portion of their under- taking. Never was there a greater amount of patriotism exhibited than by those gentlemen whuse sacred hereditary possessions were not now likely to be passed through; and we will not venture to say exciting sentiments might not have been wrapped np in the language of the native bards upon the subject—for Welshmen we should observe when too full for utterance ahvarsfJolV over in song. It was at length discovered that if Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, and Cardiganshire were put into communi- cation with London, Birmingham, and Manchester, that the produce of those counties might possibly be more valuable, by becoming available for the towns, than if the exclusive system which had so long prevailed still remained in force. The most acute in such matters even prophesied that a direct hnoofraitwayto Milford Haven, and an electric telegraph between it and the? capital, might facilitate commerce, and benefit the Proprietors. Land was promised without the interposition of special juries, and the columns of local jouMlals are found no longer recording these trials. "A more prosperous condition of the money market enabled the Company to re-commence their works, und in order that the origionai design—to which they appear to have adhered with great tenacity—might be carried out in its integrity, the Shareholders received no more interest out of capital, that no portion of the funds might be diverted from the actual construction of the works; and we are now happy to inform our readers that notwithstanding the very serious difficulties which have been, and are still being interposed by land- owners, there is every probability of that section of the line between Swansea Rnd Cannaitnen being opened for traffic during this summer. The Company's bill of this session will enable them to construct a line of rail IVRY from Haverfordwest to Neyland, a point on the north side of Milford Haven and with the view ot effecting railway communication at an early peridd between that important place and the principal seats of commerce and manufacture, the works from Carmarthen to Haverfordwest, have for some time been in active operation. The Company, whose resources are limited, considered very properly that their best course would be to complete the line in the first instance to Haverfordwest and thence to the north sid4# of Milford Haven, and have obtained Parlia- mentary sanction to an extension ot time for the construction of the branch to Pembroke which is Oil the south side of the Haven. We find that the Baron de Rutzen, a landowner on this Pembroke branch, whose opposition is understood to have originally prevented the Company obtaining a better and less expensive line than that at present authorised to be made, hat applied to the Court of Queen's Bench for a mandamurto compel rheflompany to Construct this portion of the railway and to purchase the lands authorised to be taken for that purpose. The line would pass through the baron's property. Now, seeing what the South Wales Railway has already done for the principality, and what it is doing for it, the Company are fairly entitled to took for local assistance and support and since they have so practically evidenced a desire to carry out their original intentions, it do?s seem neither patriotic nor wise for landowners to drag them into aceurtofiaw. and thus to cause a wasteful expenditure of funds that might be devoted to th« very object which is sought to he obtained. However, tot homines quot sententim, and we only hope that the proceedings referred to may not compel an entire abandonment of the works west of Carmarthen. The opposition which was offered to the Compmiy by some land- owners was very nearly the cause of such a result in 1848, and although this was surmounted we warn them that if they persist in their opposition they may be the means of ruining the commercial prosperity of Pembrokeshire."
i j ARRIVAL OF THE "SOPHIA"…
ARRIVAL OF THE "SOPHIA" AT QUEBEC. We have great pleasure in announcing the arrival of the a "ove vessel at her destination, after a remarkably rapid and prospepous voyage. The Sophia saifed from Milford on the 8th of April last, and we are sure the subjoined communica- tion from Mr. George Johnson, lately a much respected fellow-townsman, will be welcome intelligence to the friends her passengers have left on this side of the Atlantic — Quebec, May, 10th. I am very sure that you will be glad to hear that we have had a most pleas.ant, quick, and prosperous voyage, being twenty-six days from Milford. A more easy, comfortable, and dry ship I never wish to be in I found the captain everything I could wish—steady, persevering, sober, careful, a.,d 1\ thorough seaman, very attentive to his steerage as well as trs cabin passengers. To day we presented him with a letter of thanks, signed by all the heads of the families, and by the cabin passengers. We were up to the quarantine ground before the officers were there to receive us. • » The Keeston party have been ashore this afternoon it is fine fun to hear their accoupta. GBORWE JOHNSON. Quebec, May, 4th, 1852. We, tbe nndprsigned, Passengers from Milford to Quebec, in the barque Sophia, H. Williams commander, beg most sincerely to tender him our sincere thanks for his great and untiring attention to the wants andcomfortofhis passengers; and we beg to express our highest admiration of his matured judgnwat, and the careful management of his ship, during our short but prosperous voyage. Wf cannot take our leave of him without noticing his very liberal and sufficient accommodation for those on board, and to tecomfrend both himself and vessel to any of our friends who may lave ojctsion or wish to crossthe Atlantic, feeling certain that as a sea vessel, being very dry and easy, she cannot be surpassed. George Johnson, and family. J" Charles Harries. John Lewis, wife and seyen children. George Hitchings, and family. J. Morris. f l Thomas Gibby, wife and four children. Thos. Mathias, Slad, wife & 4 children. T. Mathias, Castle, wife & six children. John Arnold and wife. Thomas Arnold. William Points. Alary Nicholas. Williflm Price. Ann Morris and six children. Geo. Davies, wife and four chilcren. George Frice. Ellen Cotter. Timothy Cotter. ———; —-
[No title]
SHEEP STEALING.—On Friday night last, a fine lamb the property of Mr George M. Green, was killed in the field near Merlins Bridge. The carcase was carried away but the head and skin left. Mr Green has offered a reward ofjglO for the apprehension of the thief. ON TUESDAY last, Martha Morgan was brought op at the Town-hall, in this town, before R. D. Ackland, E-q. charged with stealing wearing apparel, the property ot her master the Rev Edward Davies, Springfield. Committed for trial at the next Quater Sessions. HAVERFORDWEST CRICKET CLUB commenced its Sea- son on Frid-iy last. The evenings for practice are Tuesdays and Fridays, and we sincerely hope that the members will not show any supineness in their encouragement of the manly game. We understand that Captain John Lort Stokes, R.N., has received his appointment to the Fishgnard, 4-2, at Woolwich THE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION for this county was held on Tuesday and Wednesday last, at Bethabara, near Eglwyswrw. No repoft of the preceedings had leached our ollie at the time of our going press. APPOINTMENT AT MILFORD.—Mr. David Vaughan. Sur- veyor for Lloyd's Register, at this port, has been appointed, by the Board of Trade, Shipwright Surveyor for steam vessels for the port of Milford. M ILFORD.—Arrived, the Jane, Vickprman, from Cardiff, for St. Paul de Lo¡¡anrlo, Africa, laden with coal. On being taken into the pill for the purpose of stopping a leak, we regret to state, 011 the tide leaving her, being a sharp vessel s-he fell over, and has, we understand, sustained vtry serious damage. SAUNDERSFOOT, MAY 26.—The fishing smack Gratitud of Bideford, in running for this harbour this morning too sooi, on ebb, came on shore on the back of the North Pier, but was got off with the assistance of a boat's crew without sustaining any damnge. EXTENSIVE SEIZURE OF SMUGGLED MALT.—On Friday the 14th instant Nicholas Bowling, of Bulliber, appeared be- fore Thomas Dunn and John Adains, Esquires, at the Townhall, Pembroke, to anflwer the complaint and informa- tion of E Evans, collector of excise, for that he, the said Nicholas Bowling, did, on the24th March, 185Z"frnodlllently deposit and carry away from the sight of the officerh of the xcise eleven bushels and two pecks of corn and grain, tn wit, bailey making into Malt." The defendant admitted the otfcnce, and stated that it was done unknown to him, and done by his wife. The Bench, after a slight consii't'>n, said th*y were extremely sorry that a man of the defen lant's r.-spectable station ot life should be placed in the unp asant situation he was, and they had nl) othpr alternative but to onvi'jt him in thepena!tyof;e200, mitigating it, however, t the lowest sum allowed hy the Act of Parliament, namely, £50, The officers who seized tli? mult were Messrs. Burt and Pwichards,
HAVERFORDWEST COUNTY COURT.
HAVERFORDWEST COUNTY COURT. The ustnl monthly court was held at rhp Slnrehnll, Haverfordwest, on Friday last, before John Johnes, Esq., the Judge. The Insolvpncy business was taken first. He David Palmer, a petitionpr for protection. This case was adjourned from the last court for the first examination of the insolvent. Mr. Parry said he was concerned for th.- insolvent, but he cou!d not produce him that day. His Honour said there was some property to which the insol- vent was entitled and he thought, therefore, it would be advantageous to the creditors that the sime should continue vested in the official assignee, and adjourned the case sme die. Re Thomas Dunn Palmer, a petitioner for proteciion. This case was also adjourned from last court. Mr. Parry s;iid the insolvent was not in court and he could not pio- duce him. His Honour made a similar order as in the tastcase. Re Thomsas Smith, a petitioner for protection. This in- solvent applied for his final order for protection. Mr. Cozens supported the petitioner. There being no oppo- sition, his Honour granteci a final order. Re John Harries.—This insolvent applied for his dis- charge from custody. There was no opposition and his Honour, after directing certain amendments to be made in the schedule, ordered him to be discharged forthwith. Mr Lloyd supported the insolvent. Re Robert Suies.—This insolvent, lately carrying on busi- ness as a grocer and spirit-dealfr, in this town, came up to be heard upon his petition to be discharged from custodv. There was no opposition, and his Honour ordered the in- solvent to be discharged forthwith. He remarked, however, that in two years the insolvent had spent beyond the profits ot his business nearly £500, which was a very large sum but as no one opposed his discharge he considered him entitled to the benefit of the Act. The plaints were then heard. Henry Phillips v. F. A. Howe. Unsatisfied judgment for £10 10s. Id. Adjourned for two months. Thomas Tamlifn v. Thomas Brown, dpbt £ 7 Is" for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paid in a week. Same v. James John and William Owen. debt 6s. 3d. for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for pfointiff. To be paid by six monthly instalments. Thomas Davies v. William Thomas, debt £1 10s. lid. for goods solcl (Inri delivered. Adjourned to the llrh June. ■James Scute v. Martha Rees. To recover possession of a cottaae and garden, in the parish of Langum. Judgm••nt for plaintiff. Possession to be delivered on 16th June, 1852. Jolm Warlow v, Thomas Roberts, debt £6 18s for goods sold and delivered. Judginenr for plaintiff. To be paid in II week. William Brown t1. Thomas Lerrtis, debt 17!J., for goods sold and delivered, Judgment for plaintiff. To, be paid by six monthly instalments. James Tyrrel v. Walter Batten, for £ 1. for work and labour clone as an attorney. Judgment for plaintiff for 4s. To he paid in a fortnight. JVilliwn Thomas v. Thomas Williams, for Ss. 4,1., for goods sold and delivered. Defendant plpaded the statute of limitations. Plaintiff was nonsuited. Defendant was allowed for his attendance. William Thomas v. Joshua Powell fur 4s. 7d., for goods sold and delivered. To be Plitl in a week. Thomas Tamlyn tr. Essex Lewis, for £1 4s. Id., for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paid by three monthly instalments. Same v. Adam Thomas, for £2 8s. 6d., for goods sold, &c. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paid by four monthly ¡1I;;talments. George Parry v, Tnnmas Scott.—Unsaatisfied judgment for £ 21 2s..9d. Defendant did not appear, and wss ordered to be committed to Gaol for 25 days. Waller Reynolds v. Charles Morgan, for 15s. for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paid in a month. John Warlow. v. John Rees, for £7., for goods sold, and delivered. Judgment for plaintiff, To be paid in a month. Wm. Lloyd v. John Fowler, .tor.£S. for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paid by two monthly instalments. Rhys Jones v. William Mathias. Balance for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for plaiutitf. To be paid in a month. Wm. Lloyd v. Thomas Davies, for 9s. Ud., for goods sold and delivered. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paid by three monthly instalments. a William Morgan f. George Merchant, £-2 8s. hi.,ba)ance for goods sold delivered. Judgment for plaintiff. To be paili in a month. Willimn James v. Ann Williams, Joseph Thom lit and Wm. Thomas, for £ 16 Ss. I d., rlue on a promissory note. Plain- tiff nonsuited. Defendants costs allowed. ACTION FOR FALSE IMPRISONMENT. John James v. Thomas Kelly. This was an action for an assault and false imprisonment, in which the damages were laid at £ 10. Mr. John Lloyd appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. J. C. James for the defendant, and pleaded" not guilty and justification." Mr Lloyd opened the'case with his accustomed eloquence, and minutely detailed the circumstances giving rise to the action. The plaintiff, he said, was a respectable man, and carried on business as a grocer and publican in Hill Street, Haverfordwest; and the defendant was the Superintendent Constable of the Hundred of Roose in the County of Pembroke, stationed at Little Haven. He then calltd Mr. John James/who, being sworn, «aid 1 am plainriff In this action, and keep a shop in Hill Street, Haverford- west I have done so for twdve years. I have resided in Haverfordwest twenty-five years. am forty-five years of a»e, and have a wife and family. I recollect last Easter Quarter Sessions, held the sixth of April. I know defen- tiant, who resides at Little Haven. IsawhiminHaver- fordwest on that day. In the course of the afternoon I entered this Hall and opened the door leading to the bench where the magistrates sit. I soon afterwards went out. I met defendant in the main passage leading to the street. He said You must go out, man;" and he caught m* by the shoulder and held me so until within a yard of the door step, when he gave me a Uuik and a fling. High Street is in tlH- parisli ufSl. Mary, Haverfordwest. All tliai occurred was in that parish. I fell against the rails as I made a sheer in consequence of the fling he gave me. I then went down High Street. Defendant followed mf. He ciught me hold by the neck and said, "You must come along with me to the Lockup," driving his thumb up under my ear. Robinson came up and advised me to go home. Ito- binson is the superintendent of police for Haverfordwest. Defendant kept holding me, and called for another police- man, a stranger to the town, and he caught hold by my other arm, and said I must go to the Round House. I said, My good man, don't you ill-use me, I will come along with you wherever you wish me." They then dragged me; to the Station House. I asked defendant to let me go, but | he said Naie,' wouldn't you like it." He kept his thumb under my ear until I was black in the face. I think it was about five o'clock. The door of the Lockup was shut, and I waited there from three to five minutes, until the key came. They turned me loose and defendant and the other policeman stood aloof: As soon as the door was opened defendant run at me and kicked me on the leg, and pushed me down in the Station House passage. When I was on the ground he kicked me. Icannot say whether he did so more than once. Robinson came in and said, "Kelly, if you put the man in the Lockup, you are not to ill-use him in that way." I was kept in the Lockup House from five to about eleven o'clock. There was a board there to sit down upon on the floor. I asked Robinson to go home to ask my wife for a blanket or something to put about ine, as I was starving Nitla cold. There was no fire there. I was unable to get out of bed the next day, and the following day- until about twelve o'clock a' noon. My leg is very nearly healed now, but the scars are there still. One of my legs was kicked into the bone. I had two kicks on the head: one on my forehead, and the other on the back part of the neck. It was next to murder. I was very bad for a fort- night. I felt the effect of the kick on my leg for more than a fortnight. I could scarcely put it to the ground. I was unable to attend to my business for the first week or more, I have brought my action for £10. } would not take the samt? amount for the <>sage I received. Cross-examined: I had been spending the day at my own house. ft is a public-house. I had drank three pints of ale. It ts pretty good. I like to talk to gentlemen when I have had three pintsof ale. It was about a quarter before five, when I left my house that afternoon. I swear that I did not drink from two till five more than three pints of beer. I can't tell what I drank in the morning. I might, have drank eight glasses of ale in the morning. I was as sober that I could walk a chalk line. (Laughter.) I have no gauge by which I can judge what quantity would make me drunk. When I came into the Hall I entered on the ben<-h where the magistrates were sitting. I met Mr. Lort Phillips there. I took my hat off and conversed with him. He told me that was not my place, and advised mo to go home. I met defendant in the main passage, and he took hold of me by the arm and led me out and gave me a fling when I came out. I don't know a policeman's wrestle. 1 nave not had much to do with them. t have been in the Lockup Housebefore. I told Mr. Lort Phillips that I was on his side. I thought they were electioneering, and that was the reason I came into the Hall. I take' my solemn oath that it was not drunkenness that caused me to fall against the rails in front of the Hall. 1 did not threaten to break defendant's bloody head. Defendant did not ask me to go home quietly, t don't recollect seeing defendant until he arrested me in the passage. I was not making ase of abusive language outside the Hall door. I swear that the lump on my forehead was caused that wry night. I refused to leave the Lockup House because 1 was advised by some gentleman outside to remain there until the morn- ing, and bring an action against Mr. Lort Phillips for false imprisonment. I was told Mr. Phillips had ordered me to be placed there. I did npt refuse my wife to leave the Lockup when she came for me at eleven o'clock. I am positive I was thrown down in the passage by the violence of defendant and the other policeman. I did not strike defendant, or offer any resistance. I never threatened one of ihein to split their heads open. Benjamin Jones examined I live in Shut Street. I re- called the Quarter Sessions day held the 6th of April Jast. Mr. Lort Phillips was sitting on the henchjwith the Chair- man. I saw plaintiff coming to the door, and he said I >vant to see Mr. Phillips." He almost immediately went man. I saw plaintiff coming to the door, and he said I .vant to see Mr. Phillips." He almost immediately went out. I saw him passing through the passage. Defendant was pushing him out through the passage to the street. Plaintiff said nothing. I afterwards saw him going up the street in the custody of defendant. Cross-examined: I saw plaintiff on the bench talking with Mr. Lort Phillips. Hedtdnotkpephishaton. t can't say whether he was drunk or sober, I saw defendant in the court. I did not see him beckoned to from the bench. I first saw defendant pushing plaintiff through the passage of the Hall. Plaintiffciid not ninke any observation but went along quietly. When they arrived at the rails I did not see defendant use morr force than he had done bf- fore. I did not see defendant fall ngfinst the rails. I did not see defendant go back into the Hall when he lett the plaintiff go. tcannotsaywhetherdefendanthadhisttat on or not. Plaintiff said, ''I don't care a damn for.you, Kelly." and called Robinson down to him. Robinson was standing in the little gatewaay, and plaintiff on the pave- ment about four yards lower down. Defendant took him hold on the left side, and the Carmarthen police by the arm, and they inarched him up street. I watched [hem up the street so far liS Dark Street. 1 did not see defendant kick him or strike him with his stick, jump oil him or sit upon him. They were taking him qnletly enough. D tendaiit had hold of plaintiffby his neckerchief. Plaintiff said he would ¡::o quietly. Mr.-William H. Sutton examined I an clerk to Messrs. Evan- Powell, and Co. 1 recollect the 6th of April last, I WHS up near the Station House that evening. I saw pfaintitfand defendant there between four and five o'clock. I saw defendant trip up plaintiff as they stood in the pas- sage of the Station House and he fell down with all ¡dS weight, and defendant did it. The door was then closed md I heard murder crie^ out by the plaintiff. Cross-examined: I believe the other two policeman went into the Station House with defendant. Plaintiff was standing with his back to the Station House door, and when the door was opened by the policeman Wade th. p'aiiitiff turned round to go in and was pushed down by the defendant. Pl-iintiffwas.at this time standing on the stej >f the door. Plaintiff was standing the'same side of the door as the keyhole is placed. The door opened inwards. As the door opened plaintiff fell on his hack. I said he was going to turn when the door was opened. I did not see plain tiff push againstdefendant as the door was opened. By the Judge I did not see Robinson present when the plaintiff fell. I saw him just oefore that time near the Coach and Horses. It is about two hundred yards from the Station House. John Phillips examined: I am servant in plaintiff's employ, and hive lived with him for the last two years. I recollect the 6'h of April last. I saw my m ister by tin H-tll that afternoon. 1 saw defendant catch plainiift by the throat and shove his thumb up under his ear. It was on the pavement nearly opposite to the centre gate. The plaintiff said "Don't ill-u«e me, my good man, but take me wherever you wish." He went on with defendant fast to him to the upper gate, and then let him go, when Ro- binson took hold of him. and then Robinson again turned him go, and another policeman took hold of him, and Kelly and he took him to the Stntion House. I followed them to the top of the street, and went home. Defendanwas going quietly. It was about eleven o'clock when my mas- ter got home that night. Mr. William Hood: I ani a bootmaker, residing nt Haverfordwest. I recollect on Friday, the 6th of April last seeing the plaintiff just opposite the Station House. Defendant was also there. Defendant and a Carmarthen policeman were fast in him. The Station House door was closed. Plaintiff waited patiently until the door was opened He asked Mr. Sutton to go to the Mayor to know what he was put in there for. Wade opened the door, and defen- dant pushed him in and he fell on his hack like a lump of lead. The door was immediately closed, and plaintiff cried out murder. The defendant and the Carmarthen p lice- man tripped him up. one could not do so. The fall was enongh to kill the man. It is a flag passage. Cross-examined: Plaintiff waited patiently tor ten to twelve minutes. Plaintiff was amusing the policemen. He was holding up his fists, fugling against the wind and the air. The policemen were fast in him, still he had the use of his hands. I have seen the plaintiff drunker than he was that night. Win. Beynou: 1 am a mason residing in Dew-street, Haverfordwest. I recollect Tuesday evening, 6th of April last. I was standing near St. Mary's Church wall, and Raw plaintiff being brought to the Station House, in the custody of defendant and a Carmarthen policeman. They both were fast in him. He went along quietly. I saw Wade bring the key of the Station House. Plaintiff was standing on the step of the door when it was opened. Wade pushed him a little on one side to open the door, and when the door was opened plaintiff turned round and went in a couple of yards and then turned round toward. defendant; defendant hove his hands up and shoved against him and pushed him down. "The defendant and the Carmarthen man went in. I c;in't riy whether the door was closed. I went away. He fell dii the flags and cried murder. The door was lIot shut at this time. William ..Cook, jun.: iji !am a cabinet-maker, residing in St. Martins's. Haverfordwest. I recollect on Tuesday even- ing, the 6th of An''i.)htat. twas coming up High-street, in this town. I saw plaintiff and defendant, and Martin of the Carmarthen'Police. They were on the pavement below the Hall-door. Dffendaiit"had hold of plaintiff by the right collar and wrist, and the other policeman had hold hv the other shoulder and hand. They took him in that position to the Station-house. The- door was locked at the time they arrived there. In about 10 minutes the door was opened, and plaintiff told defendant to leave him go, and he would go in. When the door was unlocked, plaintiff turned rOllnd to go in, and he was looking back over his shoulder, when de- fendant came witi.all his force and pushed him in on the- flags. He ftill on the fl igs with all his surge. He did not make the least fvsistaiiee, but desired them to leave his hands go and he would go-in. I think I saw either the defendant or Martin oil ltim. I saw one of them, but which I can- not say. I ain certain-defendant thr^w him down. The door was closed t*9 toon as he fell, and I heard plaintitT cry out Murder they will- kill me." It is a flag passage. Plaitiff is a heavy man. I told defendant it was. a shame for him to use a man so. Defendant held up his fist at uie, and said if I had not left I-should havo been put in too. Cross-examined I was standing about two yarls off from the Station-house door. There was a crowd there. I did not hear plàintiff swear a hit, Whendt-fendantpushedhim down, plaintiff was gning in through the passage. From the position in which he stood, I think he must have falleu on his facp: Mr. George Llewelljn Millard I am a surgeon, practising at Haverfordwest. I know the plaintiff, and. attend his family. A few days after the last Quarter Sessions, I was called in to see the plaintiff. He complained to. me of his injuries, and showed me his person. His leg was cut on the side. There were three or four wounds on it, and very much inflamed. It was a severe injury. I have seen it to-day. It is healed, but it is marked very much. He must have suffered a good deal with it. It was, I think, done with some blunt instrument. He shewed his head and the bruises jipon it. The constitution was snffering then from the in- flammatory action going on in the leg. 1 gave him some medicine. Cross-examinedi Plaintiff did not appear to have been drinking much, but if he had, it would have increased the inflammatory action. The wound might have been caused from a fall'or from his own pony kicking him. Judge: I think the discolouration upon the skin would last some time from the cuiicte being destroyed. This closed, the plaintiff's case. Mr J. C. James then briefly addressed the court for the defencej urging that the defendant was fully justified in the part he had. taken in the tKr-waetkm. The plaintiff was drunk and disorderly, and he had assisted Robinson, the superintendent of police of the borough of Haverfordwest, to take him to the Station House, which uuder the Municipal Act, he had full authority to do. There had not, as he would show hy respectable evidence, been any excess on the part of the defendant in the discharge of his duty. Mr Thomas Kelly examined I am Superintendent Con- stable of RMse, and reside at Little Haven. I was on duty at the last Quarter Session. My duty was to keep order and sifence in court, and to expel persons who were disor- derly. I saw plaintiff here in the afternoon between 5 and 6 o'clock sitting on the Bench. I considered him drtfnk. My attention' Was called to him by a magistrate then Bitting on the Bench by pointing with his finger to the plaintiff. That magisJrate, if I am-bound to name hira-, was Mr George Lort Phillips. I went up to the plaintiff, and asked him to with- draw. He went outside the two folding doors. I went round to meet him, and asked him again to leave. He re- fused, and became very noisy, and cursed and swire at me. I did not kick or strike him. I did not push him against the railings. I told Mr liohinson, who was standing by, to per- suade him to go> home, and I came back to the court. I re- mained in thecollrt a short time and heard a noise in the street. I thought it had some connection with the court. I saw plaintiff there, and the crier of the court was persuading plaintiff to go liome. When he saw me he begaucursingand swearing at me again. Robinson said it was no use talking to him, he mujst be put in and asked me to assist him. Ro- binson and I took him into custody. We were proceeding to the Station House, when the Carmarthen Policeman came up and relieved Robinson, who walked after us. I should not have interfered except I considered it my duty to keep him from the Hall. I did not kick or strike him whilst we were bringtng plaintiff to the Station House. When we arrived at tbL- Statiot) House, the door was shut, and Robin- son went for the key. Plaintiff asked to be let loose, and we did so. Plaintiff's back was to the door. Wade brought the key and opened the dnor< Wade pushed him a little one-side so as to get at the key hole; I don't believe he could stand upright without assistance. He was standing on the stone* and-1 was standing on the pavement. He threw himself on me and I merely pushed him with one hand, my other hand heing to my hot to save it from falling. I did not know what his intention-was when he threw himself upon me, whether it was to go or not. He fell in the passage and cried out. I cannot sa), who picked him ul). I did not kick him or inflict.any. o her injury upon him when he was ou the ground. I did not see any other | erson do so. Cross-ex-aroiiwd; I am superintendent of Roose Hundred, and Mr. Robinson superintendent for Haverfordwest, and my business. here that day was to attend the Quarter Ses- sions, and not perform Mr. Robinson's duties. I am certain that plaintiff came into court and was 011 the.t.)encii. Pro- fessional men md Clergymen sit there, and sometime trades- men. Plaintiff left the bench immediately after I desired him. I Sid not, see any person kick the plaintiff at the Station House. I did not kick him or see any other person do so. He did not complain to me on the way up that he was lame, nor of his' head. Robinson did not leave until he went for the key.. Mr. Robinson did not say, «' If yon ptit him in the Lock-up, you are not to ill-use the man." When I came out of the Station House plaintiff wiu;»rt': his leg*. He cried out "Murder" twice when he was on the ground. He slided in with the door. 1 don't thwito btebsad met the ground, f, Mr. John :Rebbhis€>n.T. I am Superintendent of Pol ice for Haverfordwest, i remember the 6th of April last. About qnarter past six Oft. that evening. I was in the passage of the qnarter past six 0« that evening. I was in the passage of the Hall, arid saw -plaintiff and defendant there. Defendant hnd his Hand to plaintiff's breast advising him to go out quietly, and pIaintiifwafS pushing against him to get in He was very detutk. I went' to plaintiff and recommended him to take defendant's advice and go home quietly, as 1 knew plaintiff was a quiet-man when sober, but very violent when drunk; He sa)j'he wpu'd be damned it he would go. Defendant put,hifn out in as gentle a manner as a druuken man couM. be- used.; When he came out he became more violent, and I.advised ,bitn to go home otherwise he should be locked up. Hetsaid he would be damned if he would go until he had knocked,. off- the .bloody head of defendant. Defendant,came, out about this time, and I deemed it my imperative duty fp take him into custody, and I tsked de- fendant to assist me. He was in a state not fit to be bronght before a Magistrate;and I took him to the Lock-up House. After taking hitn aboot 30 yards I gave him into the cus- tody of defendant and the Carmarthen police. From what occurred in my presence I considered him my prisoner, and the others were assisting me. When we arrived at the Lock-up House' the key of the door was not there, and I went after it. ljut before I returned Wade had arrived with the key, and thi^ door had been opened. The plaintiff was standing up in the passage. I searched him as usual 111 such cases-, and found a knife upon He 'tiien made no complaint of any-one having kicked, him. He fed on a bucket in the cell. He was not ill u^ed in the slightest degree by me ti^tirty Other of the constables. I took him into custody for being drunk andùi<order}y. He refused to leave the Lock-up when he was offered to be released. Cross-examined I am an Irishman. I don't know what defendant is. HisHott-nr said the witness had no, reason to be ashamed of his country. (Applause.) Mr. Lloyd said the greatest man of the day, to whom iye owed the safety of onr country, was an Irishman. Cross-examination resumed Plaintiff refused to come out of the Station House at nine o'clock. He said he would be damned it he would. He did not give any reason for refusing. He did not fall on the way from the Hall to the Station House. lIe did not strike me or either of the other con- stables on the way. I did not bring the plaintiff before a Magistrate because the Mayor discharged him at the request of his wife. i.thffght his being confined in the Lock-up House was a sufficient' punishment. I was not deterred from preferring a charge against htm because I heatd that an action was be brought against the defendant. I was not pres"nt when the door was opened. Plaintiff was in the passage, when I went :n I did not hear him cry out murder nor make any complaint whatever. He was locked in the cell before defendant left. John Wade examined: I am a Police Constable for Haverfordwest. I remember the last Quarter Sessions here. About six o'clock on that evening I saw the plaintiff in custody of defendant at the Station House door. I had the key and opened the door, and as I did so he fell, from n state of drunkenness. He did not make. any complaint. He was taken into the cell by defendant. None of us kicked or thumped him. Cross-examined lie made a noise I can't say whether he cried out murder. No one pushed him down. He fel. down. I did not see him going up High-street. I believe his head touched the ground when he fell in the Station House. Mr Henry Davies examined I live at ITaverford w >st. 1 remember the day on which the last Quarter Sessions for the county of Pembroke weie held. I was standing in Mr 0 K. Davies's shop door, in High-street, between five an six 1 o'clock that evening. I saw the plaintiff being brought up j — — the street in the custody of the defendant and a Carmarthen police constable. 1 hey had hold of his person, and were walking one on either side of him. Mr Robinson, the superin- tendent of police, was closely following them, and a con- siderable crowd of persons. The plaintiff was walking along gently. I did not see the defendant ill-me him in any man- ner, as he was brought up the street. I went after them to inquire the cause of plaintiff being in custody. When we arrived at the station-house door it was locked, and some one was despatched for the key. It was from eight to ten minutes before Wade arrived wub the kev. In the interval the plaintiff was noisy and abusive to the police, of which nowever they took no notice. During a portion of the time Plaintiff was standing in the street opposite the station-house door, both defendant nnd Martin, the Carmarthen police were retaining their hold of him. The plaintiff hedged to be let loose, and assured them he would not move, to which re- quest the plaintiff at Once acceded. When Wade arrived' with the key the plaintiff was standing on the door-step with his back towards the door, and defendant and Martin were standing in front of him in the street, but close to him. The door step is raised several inches above the street When Wade proceeded to open the door plaintiff was standing op- posite the key hole, and he was removed a little oneside, so but he was still leaning with his back partly against the door and partly against the door-frame. As the door was being opened I thought plaintiff was disposed to resist being ?" ,^e,p,u,ntj[a ^Tartin were front of him, and I think took hold ol him. No sooner was the door opened than he was forced or put in by them. I was standing on the pavement opposite the door, and had a full view of what took place. I did not see the defendant kick the plaintiff or trip him, or use any unnecessary violence. As the door was being closed, which was done in a moment, I heard a fall in the passage, and plaintiff cried out "Murder'' several times.. Cross-examined I did not see the plaintiff nnke any over* act ot resistance, when he was put into the station-house. 1 was merely an impression upon my mind that he was inclined to resist. I did not see him fall in the passage, because the door was immediately closed. It was opened by No. 2 poiice- man. I cannot say who fell, if heard the fall. The criee of Murder!" came from the plaintiff. The fall took place as the door was being closed. I could not see who fell. His Honour then delivered judgment. He said in thw case the plaintiff sought to recover from the defendant, who was superintending constable for the Hundred of Rooae in this county the sum of £ 10, for compensation for an alleged h87v, h 11 I" imprisonment. He regretted to say that, both by the evidence of the plaintiff himself and his wit- nesses, it appeared that the plaintiff was in a state of drun- kenness-that crying vice which he was sorry to say was very rife In this country, for he would venture to assert that if the plaintiff had not been in that state he would not have come into the Court of Quaater Sessions, and have taken his seat with the magistrates. Although he say. he made no use of abusive language, his own witnesses, particularly William Hood, stated he had seen him often drunker, and could not deny that he was not making use of abusive language. It was to be regretted that the plaintiff, who had been living in this town for 25 years, and who, Robinson said, was a quiet and inoffensive man when sober, should so debase himself through the vice of drunkenness. He complained that hoi was pushed out of the Hall with great violence. His Honour was rather inclined to think that he did not know exactly what took place. Benjamin Jones, his own witness, says it a-as no such thing It was not pretended that after that he had any fall. So far as relates to what took place near the. Hall he considered there was no excess shown on the part of the defendant, in consequence of his taking him into custody for disorderly conduct. The Superintendent of Police said he endeavoured by every means he could to induce the plain- tiff to go home quietly, and being unable to induce him to go he was compelled to take him into custody. And his Honour could come to no other conclusion then that the Superin- tendent was fully justified in so doing, especially in a muni- cipal borough, as by the Municipal Act he was expressly authorised. We next come to the Station-house, and he must say that for a transaction within so small a compass there was an extraordinary discrepancy of testimony on the part of the plaintiff. A different version of the occur- rence was given by almost every witness. Nor could he even say ot the evidence given hy the defendant and his witnesses that it was altogether consistent. The most rea- sonable conclusion that he could come 'o was, that the plain- tiff was in a drunken state and fell into the passage of the Lockup when the door was opened, and he was far from think- ing that there was any excess used at the Station House. li appeared from the evidence of Robinson that plaintinff had fallen in the cell of the Station House, and it was probable that he received injury from that fall; but he was clearly of opinion that no injury had been inflicted by the police, He was certainly of opinion that the police were justified in tak- ing p aintiff into custody, and gave judgment tor defendant. Defendants costs allowed. The next Court will be held on the 11th of June.
CHARGE OF RIOT AT MERLIN'S…
CHARGE OF RIOT AT MERLIN'S BRIDGE. CARRYING "CEFFYL PREN." This investigation, adjourned from the 8th to the 15th, and further adjourned to the 20th, was resumed on that day at the Town Hall, before J. LI. Morgan, M.D., and George Rowe, Esqrs. Mr. John Lloyd appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. John Crymes James for the defence. The case for the prosecution having been finished at the kst meeting, Mr. James now addressed their Worships at some length on the law of riot, and contended that in this case there had really been no riot no "enterprize" but boyish, childish freak. He called the following witnesses in supprt of position, John James: I am a tanner, in the employ of Mr Wil- liams. I reside at Merlin's Bridge. I recollect the even- ing of Monday, tie 3rd inst., between 8 and 9 o'clock, seeing a lot of boys carrying samething got up in theslispe of a woman. They were going to and fro, and itS they went along cheered a little. I did not consider it a fearful noise, but mirth and fu.n fun for themselves and neigh- bourhood generally. My wife and live childeren, the youngest only five years oi apre, were standing on the bridge with us when the boys passed. Neither my wlfep who U a very nervous person, or either of the children, exhibited any fear or alarm. lam not in any way con-, nected with either of the prisoners. My house is about 100* yards from the bridge, and we came out to see what was going on. We were arnused, and saw nothing wrong, t saw no squibs there. I saw no stick used that night but by Mr Ellis on Jamiei Cozens. Mr Eliis has described the circumstances under which i' was used. I was only a feIØ yards from them, and snv what was going on. Cozens was sitting down, and notdmngtnything. I saw Ellis strike him twice. I followed them up the hill, to within 20 or 30 yards of Mrg. Walters's door. The first exhibition of violence was Mrs. Walters and Miss Nock out in the crowd with a poker each, laying hold of the effigy, which they took into the house. I did not even then see the slightest violence offered to Mrs. Walters or Miss Nock. I did not hear anjt name used by the crowd in their shout- ing. My wife and children accompanied me near to Mrs. Walters's house. On our way up we tylked with George John's wife. She was by the cottages on the opposite side other own house, just below Mrs. Walters's house. The pokers were out when 1 saw her there. I' do not knot* whether Mrs. John's children were with her at this tim*» 1 do not, as a reasonable man, consider the mob was of that nature to create terror; I remained there about two hours, «nd during that time saw nothing of the sort in the inhabitants. The crowd consisted of only a parcel of slips of boys. ? did not hear any threatenine language, or see any with sticks. I saw Mr and Mrs Ellis. She was the bridge side of her house, in the middle of the crowd, and. did not appear frightened, nor did Mr Ellis appear at atf frightened. Cross-examined: I did not hear any windows broken. My house is 100 yards from the bridge. The mob did not carry the image by my door, or break my windows, or say to my wife Come out you damn whore," or throw stoneS: at me. Re-examined: They paraded the whole village and stopped at other places as well as at Mrs. Walters's. By Dr. Morgan: My tittle hoy, only five years of age, was there the whole time. There was nothing in the mob- to create terror, or I should not have stopped there. I saw no stones thrown. Thomas Griffiths I am a gardener, residing at Merlin'* Bridge. I am not connected with either of the prisoners. 00 the night of the 3rd inst., I returned from town about half past nine o'clock, and saw a crowd of boys here and tlfre about the bridge. I met Morse thp constable neat Mclilwen's. 1 watched the movements of the crowd til» they dispersed. I considered their conduct nothing but bit of fun as I had seen in the vilhge muny time before. I was not present at the beginning. I saw Nock coininff down the-Hill and go over the bridge. There were enough there to murder 20 men like him if so disposed, but they offered him no violence. The whole proceedings were a mere lark. f By Dr. Morgan: I was there an hour before the last of it. J did not see the least danger. I talked wIth John and with Levi Richards's father. I could not gather that anY angry feeling existed. I saw several children from fire t0, six years of age there. William Mathias: I am a tanner in the employ of Mr* Williams, and reside at the Merlin's Bridge. I remember the night of Monday, the 3rd inst. About nine to quarter past nine I was by the door of my lodgings, which is a little way np the Milford road, when 1 saw something carried from the Pembroke road by the shop. I went towards them. There was a considerable crowd consisting of boys from eight to 15 years i)fr.ge, but no man. They did not stop by Ellis's house, but moved on. I met Mrs. Ellis on the cornct of the bridge, which is some yards from her house, and con- versed with her. She did not appear at all downcast but rather the other way, like myself. I enjoyed the fun. Whefl following DVer the bridge, a person came up Rnd said that th* effigy had been taken away. In about a quarter of an hour after I went up near Mrs. Walters's house. There were a lot on the pathway opposite at that time. When there 1 saw Mrs. Walters come out of her house door and go to the donr In g to tbo yard. As she was returning, .Tame* Davies the constable told her tu ;:0 i:1. She replied that she would go in when it suited her. Davies again requested he* tn go in as he came there to protcct her. Mrs. Walters told him to protect himself, as she could protect herself. I wil* not swear to the exact words but such was the purport. She remained out after the constable left. By Dr. Morgans: I am quite certain she gave the con- stable to understand that she could protect herself. Kxamination resumed The conduct of the mob was not such as to frighten any person. I saw women and childrej there. The mob stopped at other laces in the village. saw George John that evening after the effigy was taken i" nlld talked with him. I know John and his wife. I in John's shop on Monday week. [Mr. Janjes proposed to examine this witness to rebnt the evidence given oy George ,10hn 011 the previous exalDlIlatJOo, in respect to Mrs. John being in a state of alarm, but was opposed by Mr. Lloyd. If he (Mr. L'oyd) went in'o tbe witness box and swore that he believed certain persons wefe in terror, and the parties afterwirds swear they were not terror, that would not rehut his evidence. Alter some fur" ther discussion tha witness resumed.] On the Monday alter this affair I saw Mrs. John in hff husband's shop, and asked her if she was aliaid on tha* occasion. She rephed that ,hr was not in the least. d Henry Lewis: lam in the employ of Mrs. Richards- ironmonger, in this town. The prisoners are strangers 10 me. On the evening of the 3rd inst. I went to the Merlyo: Bridge alter lea\ing Work, which was about quarter to eight n'ciock. I went down in consequence of a report that "J1 eIigy was to he carried. I saw boys opposite Mrs. Walter* • hoise. They were throwing; an old dress at one anothtf*. l nere was no violence. 1 was not afraij. I saw Nock come out of the house and go up about half way to her father's house and return again, and agtin go up so far as her father's gate and again return. I cannot say whether she vent in or not. There were a lot of boys on the I saw Morse and Davies the constables there. DaYle5 appeared drunk. I saw the crowd disperse. There nothing there to create alarm. Miss Ellis was there. She dId not appear alarmed. I saw a lot of children there. Jid not observe fear on any one. This affair was nothing t0 •DIDpare to such occurrences at Saint Dogmells and C" figan. This may amu-e children, while the other won d arnne me. There may have been a couple of hundrve children there. They were cheering. I did uot see avy 006 taking any particular part in i
CONTEMPORARY OPINIONS.
CONTEMPORARY OPINIONS. The debate in the House ot Lords on Monday night will be long memorable. The subject immediately and formally under discussion w is a motion by the Earl of Derby to read a second time the bill for the continuation of the pro- perty and income tax for another year. The noble e->rl. after briefly adverting to the circumstances under which he and his colleges had engaged in the public service- circumstances which rendered it necessary for them to adopt the financial arrangements prepared by their prede- cessors in office, demanded the continuance of the tax, however objectionable, as necessary for the maintenance of the public credit. The proposition of the Premier afforded to the Duke of Newcastle an opportunity to pronounce a very prolix panegyric upon the opera.ioll of the free trade policy, in which he made the startling assertion that through the property and income tax was introduced for a tempor- ary purpose only, but with a view to the adoption of the free trade policy. Now, whatever may have been Sir R. Peet's secret purpose of introducing the tax, men must have very short memories indeed not to remember that it WHS most explicitly described, at the time of its introduction, as a temporary expedient to meet a temporary deficit-the deficit left by the Whig ministers, and not for any other purpose whatever. It was not until neariy tour years after the tax had been introduced that the public were aston- ished and disgusted by the appearance of Sir R. Peel's well known Elbing letter, asserting that from the first his pur- pose had b'en to substitute direct for indirect taxation. Whether such had been his secret purpose, in fact, seems doubtful at the least, for its plainly contradic ed by the re- peated declaration of the right hon. baronet, that it was the occurrence of the failure of the potatoe crop in Ireland, three years after the introduction of the direct taxation, that moved him to repeal the corn-laws. Surely he did not, in 1842, when he introduced the property and income tax, foresee the failure of the potatoe crop in 184J ? We always thought that Sir Robert Peel did himselfa great in- justice by the rash assertions of his Elbing letter and we cannot think that the Duke of Newcastle served the me- mory of his deceased friend and patron, by imputing to him the insidious policy with which he charged him last night, and which appears to be developed in the Elbing letter. The property and income tax was, we firmly be- lieve, introduced toona fide for the temporary purpose ori- ginally ascribed to it. and obviously indicated by its pro- posed temporary duration. The Duke of Newcastle then went o\er, in tedious detail, the trite free trade sophisms and miscalculation! a doztn times at least refuted and ex- posed in this journal, and completely disposed of by Mr. et Macqueen, in his letter in yesterday's Standard. But Destroy his—" it were uncourteoos to give the whole of Pope's couptet. Lord Berners followed the Duke of New- castle in a short and very able speech, and was succeeded by Lord Wodehouse, and the Earl of Albermarle, and Lord Granville, who taunted the Premier with not being sufficiently explisit. The Earl of Derby replied by the following sufficiently distinct an unequivocal statement:— "The Earl of Derby.—The noble earl is quite wrong in supposing that I said a duty on foreign corn was a matter of necessity. I stated, that for the purpose at once of re- lieving tfie suffering agricultural interest, and also for the the purpose of improving the revenue, and thereby enabl- ing us to take off other taxes without injury to the con- sumer, I thought it might be desirable to impose a mode- rate fixed duty on foreign corn. I distinctly stated that that Wits my own opinion. I did not say that it was a matter of necessity, but I stated that, whether the relief should be given by the imposition of a duty upon foreign corn was a matter which rested upon the judgment of the constituencies, but that I thought that was a desirable mode of affording relief to the agricultural classes. I hold to tIt/It opinion still; but I state again, that that is a ques- tion which must been left to the constituencies of the coun- try and, moreover, if it give any satisfaction to the noble earl, and to the noble lords opposite, my opinion is, from what I have since heard and learned, there certainly will not be in favour of the re-imposiu -firt>F a duty on foreign corn that extensive majority, without which, as I stated to your lordships at the beginning of the session, it would not be desirable to propose it." Is not this a sufficiently full, plain, and unambiguous statement but does it say one word more that the noble "ellrl said within a week of his acceptance of office? All must depend upon the constituencies; and if the consti- tuencises are not yet awake to the evil that impends, the responsibilty for that evil must rest with them. But, meanwhile, the country must not be left without a Govern-, ment, or in that condition ot hap-hazard rule from which the Earl of Derby's compliance with his Sovereign's sum- mons has rescued it. It may be that the constituencies are not yet ripe for protection. The chief sufferers at pre- sent are the agriculturists, though all interests suffer more or less but the agriculturists are proverbially slow to teel and still slower to act. The liberality of landlords has, in many cases, reduced their rents, and the depression of the labouring clashes diminishes their outlay for labour, and in this way they think that they can compensate themselves for the fallen prices of their produce—a foolish anticipa- tion, tor landlords cannot, without submitting1 to absolute poverty, reduced their rents much lower and as long as the sea remains open for emigration, and happier lands invite the labourer, wages will be supported and even raised above their present level. On the other side, tradesmen and artizans always think more of the certain expenditure than of the future gain, however probable or even certain that gain may be Let us eat, and be meiry," whatever dangers threaten this is the history of human imprudence, and no man will assert that the mass of man- kind are not imprudent. Were they otherwise than they are, the business of Government would be easy. As to those who are in the enjoyment of fixed incomes, free trade to them will be a clear gain until we hear a little more of California and Australia. We do not say it now for the first time, that when protection shall be restored-axid restored It will be as surely as the sun shines-it will be restored at the demand of the manufacturers, and already we hear the beginning of that dem-ind. What is that of which the woollen manufacturers complained by the mouths of their late deputatiou ? Is it not realy and in effect of tree trade? Thirty, perhaps, twenty-five years ago, a singrle fleece of Australian wool had not found its way to a British loom. Now the woollen manufacturers of Yorkshire complain, and with reason, that the failure of the supply from Austra- lia is like to prove their ruin. Without Australian wool however, the British woollen manufacture was the most flourishing in the world, long within living memory. How is this ? The wool of Germany, Spain, and other countries that used to supply our looms is now wrought up in those countries, or in places out of Great Britain, and sent over the world to compete with British manufactured wool, some of it even to our own land. Thus, according to the phrase, we are •' burning the candle at both ends"com- petition raises upon us the price of the raw material, and again competition reduces upon us the price of the manufactured article. This Free Trade, and what we say of wool to-day we shall have to say of cotton to- morrow. And what is it that the wool manufacturers de- mand? Js it not Protection? A supply of raw material for their trade, to be obtained at the common cost of the whole empire. It this is not Protection, we know not what the word means. But like causes must produce like con- sequences, and we shall soon have Manchester clamouring for Protection as loudly as Yorkshire is now clamouring. Of course they will not include Agriculture in their claim; for, like the modest King of Dahomey, who would abolish the Slave Trade everywhere but in his own dominions, and reserve it there, the manufacturers will think only of themselves the principle, however, once restored must be applied universally. Earl Grey made a speech, in the course of which he was guilty of the singular absurdity of speaking of what he called the reaction of the railroad expenditure, as embar- rassing the successful operation of tree trade. Why, whatever ot success free trade has had, is altogether due to the railroad expenditure. We see by the property tax returns that between two hundred millions and three hun- dred millions of railroad property have been created since 1845. How created? Almost exclusively by labour. But say that fine-half the amount, say one hundred and fifty, millions have been expended upon labour; here is such a sum given to the labouriug classes of the United Kingdom, chiefly of Great Britain, as was never bofore eithsr here or elsewhere divided among equal numbers, in three times or four times the period—more than twenty millions sterling per annum new wages for new latottr, distributed amongst our labourers. It is the railroad expenditure that has saved free trade up to the present time it is the railroad expenditure that caused an increased consumption in coffee, sugar, and such like articles. Compare that increase with 20 millions a year of new wages. If, with the most ample opportunities, we must fail to render justice to the superb speech in which the noble Premier swept away all the misstatements and sophistry of his opponents, how rash must be the attempt to render justice to it within our present limits. We must reserve it for future occasions, upon which it will supply us with many a text. We cannot, however, forego the gratification of copying the concluding passage I believe that in the English people there is such a sense of justice that they will not see one class, or two or three classes, deprived of advantages which they have hitherto enjoyed, and at the same time be subject to an undue proportion of burdens which they have hitherto borne. I say, therefore, my lords, distinctly, that it is my intention, and it is the wish ot the government and the determination of the government, to direct their attention to the best mode they can devise of relieving those suffering interests. The extent or the nature of that ieliet may not be within our command ur control (hear, hear), but to the affording that relief, and at the same time with full justice to all classes of the community, I declare now, and I have de- clared before, the attention of the government will be directed (hear, hear); and we shall hold it to be our para- mount duty, in some shape or other, to afford that reiief, to those classes who have been suffering for the good. if it be for the good, of the rest ot the community (hear, hear).' -Standard of Monday.
THE CRISIS IN AUSTRALIA.
THE CRISIS IN AUSTRALIA. Much might have been done to mitigate the crisis which bas fallen upon Australia, rapidly, no doubt, yet not alto- gether without warning bnt in this country the reports from the Colonies have received a tardy belief, and in the uncer- taintyas to the fiiets, the bewildered public, if i: thought about the matter at all, has not known what ought to be done. This belief was tardv because some of the statements were manifestly untrue, and the troth which did penetrate through the obscurity has been disarmed by systematic misrepresen- tation. Every branch of the subject has been subjected to this obstructive obscuration,-the real amount of the gold- fiidinga and the effect in dra wing off labour; the actuil state of the einigration-tund in the hands of the official Commis- sioners anl even the resources for emigration available in this countrv. Part of the mystification respecting the actual state of affairj in Australia arises from ordinary exaggeration part from not observing the distinction of the d ifferen t sources of information part fiom the very common mistake which assumes the whole of any field to correspond with the objects 11 the immediate foreground and part from the substantial ignorance which prevails respecting Australia itself. Within these few days we have see;) a book specially intended to convey information respecting the recent state of things, and containing a map which shows us "New South Wales" un- divided, points out the site of Australia Felix," and makes no sign respecting the new province of Victoria," now for- mally divided from Now South V\ ales in the part designated as Australia Felix. This ignorance of the broadest geographi- cal distinctions becomes practically important when we find respectable journals accepting without question reports of one province emanating from Western Australia. This con- fusion is about the same as if a- one took his Spanish news from Copenhagen only that in the Australian instance ther- are peculiar grudges of ok. rivalry between the several colonies. The extent ot the industrial disturbance cayir-ot be exactly defined, since the figures continue to fluctuate but the &"I1.ral character may be r aJi y understood trom facts suffi- ciently Our reader, we nor be told that the staples of Australia have been wool and taibw » full ha-f of our imported woo! having been brought from tha- isi ind-continent. A co, sid -ralie internal trade had also arisen in corn beside* m ny others incidental to British capital and labour wort- ng n a fine climate. Australia, in a cutu yttcx. to.a), D¡:a:iy eq^-is Europe ,n size with a pnpu ation of about 40;),000: the centre of the island is a depressed basin, with a vast hollow plain ster>le and impassable but practicable tracks hiv- been established between the prin- cipal settlements, of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia; Van Dieman's Land being accessible to all water. A large proportion of the population is descended trom convicts, and many convicts come over from Van Die- men's Land. In such a country, gold-fields that appear to excel those of California are discovered a large proportion in New South Wales, but the richest of all in the newly sepa- rated province of Victoria. Here is instant waalth, for every class, from the merchant to the shepherd—instant wealth for every man who has energy and boldness enough to go and seize it for himself. Of course other occupations become very unattractive, and there is a general preference for gold- digging to sheep tending, tallow-melting, wool-clipping, corn- reaping, or any other blow occupation. When a man hears of fifty or a hundred pounds picked np in a week, fifty or sixty- pounds a year for looking after sheep is not so attractive an offer as it would be in Somersetshire or Sutherlandshire. It follows that there is a general defection ttnd stories have reached this country how Adelaide was '"a deserted villags." Melbourne, "a place without a working class," Sydney but an entrepot tor deserting sailors, and so on. These tales are evidently exaggerated: anything like accuracy in them is disproved by certain cRntemporaneolJs circtiinstancee,-the fact, for instance, that the wool-clip of the year has been very fairly secured. There could not therefore have been the sudden desertion asserted by the accounts. At the time, for example, when Adelaide was first said to have been deserted -at the beginning of January—the number of those who had gone was undoubtedly obout 5.000 but, setting against that defection the arrivals, the nett loss to the colony did not ex- ceed iOU. Taking the most favourable view, however, three conclusions are inevitahle,-that the progressive discoveries ot gold are causing a progressive defection of labour from other branche of industry that if these defections proceed without check o8 compensation, the staples of Australia will be in the greater danger of suspension, it not of extinction and that a territ ble loss of property is hanging over the colony, with the cer tdinty of some corresponding loss to England. Considerable sums have been sent by the Australian colo- nies for purposes of emigration and we have before stated how the right appropriation of those sums was checked by some cretchety official notion that the emigrants might be demoralized. A move has recently been made by the Emi- gration department; but it has been only a beginning, and large sums remain in their hands for use. An eminent daily journal speaks of a quarter of a million as having been recently sent over from Port Philip for the passage of emi- grant labourers whereas the allusion in question must have been intended to apply to the whole of the monies in the hands of the Commissioners for the whole of Australia. The sum recently sent over from Port Philip was £ 100,000 but other sums, as he have before mentioned, had long lain in the hands of the Commissioners; and making every deduc- tion and set-off, they amount to something over the sum just stated. Sir John Packington makes the net amount £ 200,000 but he seems to have forgotten South Australia Lord Derby calls it £ 170,00(1. These are only examples of the general laxity and confusion in the English versions of the accounts from the colonies; and while such excessively vague and erroneous notions prevail, it is all but impossible that anything like proper measures can he taken to meet the very critical juncture ot affairs in the Australian group. The ideas respecting the state of the colonies and their funds have hardly been more lax than those respecting the opportunities and resources fot emigration here amongst our- selves. In spite of the immense mass of people, £300,000 or more, yearly leaving the British Islands, many people of sense and information are persuaded that no emigrants are to be found-that they cannot be got to go. On the other hand, many have accepted the assurance of the colonists do not desire such as can be procured-here an idea strength- ¡ ened by the rigoious limitations of the official department, and the excessive delays in sending out people who are ulti- mately found to be eligible. These delays extend over montnsaud even years One example of the mode in which these delays work will make the matter intelligible. A man is "nominated" with his family by a purchaser ottand in Australia, as a proper emigrant to be sent out by the com- missioners: the man sends in th.e nomination; and his papers are returned, with forms to be filled up "within a month he returns the forms and then the Commissioners, overlaid with routine and arrears, send the reply when they can. 11 probably runs to the effect, that some doubt is felt as to his being the person intended by the nominator; and he is told that reference wilt be made to the colony. Perhaps the answer may be received in eight or ten months the negotiations in England are renewed and then, it the man has not given up the attempt, and resettled in business here, he is duly accepted as eligible." On the other hand, there was a report, not long since, that fj0,()i;0 persons were preparing for immediate departure. These totally incompatible errors arise from the fact that the people judge of what they see immediately around them and that, for some reason or other, the channel for obtaining facilities and information in not very readily opened. The statements made at t.)e meeting of Yorkshire wool-manu- facturers last week, and at a London meeting of Australian merchants this week must have astonished many who con- strued the official delays into colonial indifference. We have seen letters from Australia repeating the constant cry of the capitalists there, "Send up more labour, our property will be confiscated;" while letters from the most distant and dif- ferent parts of the United Kingdom attest the general desire for information as the first step towards emigration. Peti- tions from the the handloom weavers have proved the desire; in Lanarkshire alone 3000 persons are desiring to go in Worcester, in Norfolk, in Somersetshire—indeed in almpst every connty, there is a passion to get away thousands upon thousands are ready to set out. The difficulty would be to find the ships and to victual them. And when the reader learns that miscellgneouj labourers are rather at a dis- count in the capriciously rigid regulations of the Emigration Commissioners, he will not wonder that the dammed-up stream of surplus population does not find its level in the great Australian vacuum. If the reader wishes to know the cau.-e of that official ob- struction, let as remind him that the Colonial Office has ever been jealous of active colonization that the jealousy of the snperior derailment succeeded in keeping the Emigration Office weak in every resource. especially in men and in powers to act and that the stunted proportions and petty ways of the disliked department cannot be expanded at the sudden demand of an unforseen requirement. The Emigration Office is an organized apology for a public department, and its action is organized to keep up appearances with the slen- derest capacity or even desire for that end. The Government plans are as yet a mystery. Six hun- dred soldiers are to be sent to keep "order;" which they will succeed in doing-if the gold-diggers agree to let them. If the gold-diggers, reinforced by thousands of convicts, deserters, pirates, and ragamuffins of all sorts, choose to riot, or to give the soldiers a taste of bush-hunting, the interior of the Australian continent will afford a spacious playground for the purpose. A man-of-war is also to go to Melbourne cr Sydney to check desertiolls-or contribute to them which will it be? It is clear that means of this sort wid contribute exaspe- rations rather than order. The great element of order will be the auailable influx of labour,'so as to keep the proper branches of industry going, and to supply the drain that will continue of labour to the gold-fields and also to tend on the exorbitant but profitable wants of the gold-finders. A sufi- ficiency of labour is the first element of order. The intro- duction of respectable settlers to swamp the ragamufifns n ij;ht do much but the great thing is to prevent the anarchy which must ensue if the staple trade of Australia come to a stand, or if the excited population be reduced to short com- mons. Introduce labour,-—from England, as fast as the dis- tance and the difficulties will permit; but from whatever sources, introduce labour as fast as possible.-Spectator.